青藏高原东北部闪电M变化多参量观测

武斌; 张广庶; 王彦辉; 李亚珺; 范祥鹏; 余海; 张荣

doi:10.7498/aps.62.189202

摘要

利用闪电光通道高速摄像、地面电场变化和峰值辐射强度同步资料, 对比分析了负地闪连续电流阶段和人工触发闪电放电过程中M变化特征. 结果表明, 通道亮度资料能够辅助地面电场波形来准确判断是否为真实的M过程. 在经典M变化产生前及其过程中会产生很多快速电场变化MP(称为预M变化)变化, 大量MP促成了M变化. MP变化和K变化在脉冲特征上没有太多差别, 产生的物理机制是相似的. MP变化是连续电流阶段快速电场变化, 是击穿过程引起的电荷快速流动的结果, 并伴有通道突然增亮和高强度辐射. M变化脉冲波形多数为单极性, 有正有负, 少数呈现不规则变化, 持续时间在0.1 ms之内.而经典M变化的U 形结构只适用于近闪, 波形是静电场所致, 持续时间约0.2–0.8 ms. MP和K变化都是击穿所致, 只是MP变化有电荷流入原回击通道, 而K变化没有.

关键词:

青藏高原 /
M变化 /
MP变化 /
K变化

Abstract

The M change characteristics in continuing current process of negative cloud-to-ground lightning discharge and artificially triggering lightning discharge are comparatively analyzed using the synchronous data of optical channel high-speed video camera pictures, electric field changes on ground and the peak very high frequency radiation. The results indicate that M process could be identified accurately from synchronous data of optical channel luminance and electric field changes on ground. There are lots of rapid changes of electric field (MP) prior to and during classic M change. And the M changes caused by lots of MP changes. There is mostly no difference in waveform characteristics between M changes and K changes and their generated physical mechanisms are similar. MP change is a rapid change of electric field corresponding to the rapid flow of charge caused by the breakdown process in the stage of continuous current process and accompanied with channel sudden brightening and high intensity radiation. Most of the M changes are unipolar, positive or negative and a few are irregular and last within 0.1 ms. Only M change in close lightning discharge exhibits a classic U-shaped structure because of its waveform mostly caused by static electric field, and its duration is about from 0.2 to 0.8 ms. MP and K changes are all caused by the breakdown. The difference between MP and K changes is that the electric charges flow into the original return stroke channel in the process of MP change, but not in the process of K change.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室, 兰州 730000;

2.
贵州省防雷减灾中心, 贵阳 550002

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号:41075002,40775004);国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:41030960)和公益性行业科研专项(批准号:GYHY201006005-03)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China;

2.
Guizhou Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction Center, Guiyang 550002, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075002, 40775004), the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41030960), and the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. GYHY201006005-03).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵阳, 郄秀书, 孔祥贞, 张广庶, 张彤, 杨静, 冯桂力, 张其林, 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[2]	Wang C X, Qie X S, Jiang R B, Yang J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 039203 (in Chinese) [王彩霞, 郄秀书, 蒋如斌, 杨静 2012 61 039203]
[3]	Hou Y L, Zhang G S, L S H, Yuan P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 059201 (in Chinese) [火元莲, 张广庶, 吕世华, 袁萍 2013 62 059201]
[4]	Wang J F, Qie X S, Lu H, Zhang J L, Yu X X, Shi F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 159202 (in Chinese) [王俊芳, 郄秀书, 卢红, 张吉龙, 于晓霞, 石峰 2012 61 159202]
[5]	Yang B, Zhou B H, Meng X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8978 (in Chinese) [杨波, 周璧华, 孟鑫 2012 59 8978]
[6]	Xu B, He H, Yang X Y, Bie Y G, L Q H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 175203 (in Chinese) [徐斌, 贺华, 杨晓艳, 别业广, 吕清花 2012 61 175203]
[7]	Malan D J, Schonland B F J 1947 Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A 191 485
[8]	Rakov V A, Uman M A, Thottappillil R 1994 J. Geophys. Res. 99 10745
[9]	Thottappillil R, Goldberg J D, Rakov V A 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 25711
[10]	Kitagawa N, Brook M, Workman E J 1962 J. Geophys. Res. 67 6378
[11]	Fisher R J, Schnetzer G H, Thottappillil R, Rakov V A, Uman 1993 J. Geophys. Res. 98 22887
[12]	Jiang R B, Qie X S, Wang C X, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Wang J F, Liu D X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 079201 (in Chinese) [蒋如斌, 郄秀书, 王彩霞, 杨静, 张其林, 王俊芳, 刘冬霞 2011 60 079201]
[13]	Thottappillil R, Rakov V A, Uman M A 1990 J. Geophys. Res. 95 18631
[14]	Rakov V A, Thottappillil R, Uman M A 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 9935
[15]	Shao X M, Krehbiel D N, Thomas R J, Rison W 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 2749
[16]	Cao D J, Qie X S, Duan S, Xuan Y J, Wang D F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 069202 (in Chinese) [曹东杰, 郄秀书, 段树, 宣越建, 王东方 2012 61 069202]
[17]	Zhang G S, Zhang T, Qie X S, Chen C P 2003 Plateau Meteorol. 22 301 (in Chinese) [张广庶, 张彤, 郄秀书, 陈成品 2003 高原气象 22 301]
[18]	Zhang T, Zhang G S, Qie X S 2003 Plateau Meteorol. 22 306 (in Chinese) [张彤, 张广庶, 郄秀书 2003 高原气象 22 306]
[19]	Zhang G S, Zhao Y X, Qie X S, Zhang T, Wang Y H 2008 Sci. China D 38 1 (in Chinese) [张广庶, 赵玉祥, 郄秀书, 张彤, 王彦辉 2008 中国科学(D辑) 38 1]
[20]	Zhang G S, Wang Y H, Qie X S, Zhang T, Zhao Y X, Li Y J, Cao D J 2010 Sci. China D 40 523 (in Chinese) [张广庶, 王彦辉, 郄秀书, 张彤, 赵玉祥, 李亚珺, 曹冬杰 2010 中国科学(D辑) 40 523]
[21]	Wu B, Zhang G S, Wang Y H, Li Y J, Zhang T, Fan X P, L W T 2013 Plateau Meteorol. 32 519 (in Chinese) [武斌, 张广庶, 王彦辉, 李亚珺, 张彤, 范祥鹏, 吕伟涛 2013 高原气象 32 519]
[22]	Wang D H, Qie X S, Guo C M 2000 Lightning and Artificially Triggered Lightning p134 (Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaoda Press) (in Chinese) [王道洪, 郄秀书, 郭昌明 2000 雷电与人工引雷 (上海: 上海交通大学出版社) 第134页]
[23]	Rakov V A, Thottappillil R, Uman M A 1995 J. Geophys. Res. 100 25701

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