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In the present study, we analyse the mechanical structure for the two-stage anvil cell, and design the two-stage high pressure cell using diamond-cemented carbide compound as anvil-material. The diamond-cemented carbide compound material is synthesized using the 6×2500 ton cubic press in our laboratory. We sinter diamond/Co layer (Φ30 mm×10 mm) on a WC-cobalt substrate (Φ30 mm×13 mm) at high pressures and temperatures, then, we obtain the cubic anvils from the sintered cylindrical chunks by wire-electrode cutting. The diamond-cemented carbide compound anvil has three advantages over the traditional sintered diamond anvil: first, a scaled-up version of the sintered diamond anvil could be obtained by sintering the diamond/Co layer on a WC-cobalt substrate; second, the diamond-cemented carbide compound anvil is machined easily compared with the sintered diamond anvil; and third, the experimental cost using the diamond-cemented carbide compound anvils is much lower than using the sintered diamond anvil. Using the diamond-cemented carbide compound anvil, we design the two-stage 5.5/1.5 (octahedral edge-length/anvil truncation edge-length, in millimetre) assemble. Pressure calibration at room temperature is performed for the 5.5/1.5 assemble using the phase transitions of Zr (α-ω, 7.96 GPa; ω-β, 34.5 GPa) under high pressures. The pressure range of the two-stage apparatus besed on hinge-type cubic press is extended from 20 GPa to about 35 GPa using the 5.5/1.5 assemble. The pressure calibration for the two-stage apparatus using diamond-cemented carbide compound anvil is ongoing in our laboratory. We believe that the pressures above 50 GPa could be achieved using these anvils.
[1] Irifune T, Kurio A, Sakamoto S, Inoue T, Sumiya H 2003 Nature 42 599
[2] Qin J Q, He D W, Wang J H, Fang L M, Lei L, Li Y J, Hu J, Kou Z L, Bi Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 4780
[3] Tian Y J, Xu B, Yu D L, Ma Y M, Wang Y B, Jiang Y B, Hu W T, Tang C C, Gao Y F, Luo K, Zhao Z S, Wang L M, Wen B, He J L, Liu Z Y 2013 Nature 493 385
[4] Xu C, He D W,Wang H K, Guan J W, Liu C M, Peng F, Wang W D, Kou Z L, He K, Yan X Z, Bi Y, Liu L, Li F J, Hui B 2012 Int. J. Refract. Metals and Hard Mater. 36 232
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[9] Jayaraman A 1986 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57 1013
[10] Andrault D, Fiquet G 2001 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 1283
[11] Peiris S M, Butcher R, Pearson W 2005 Joint 20th AIRAPT-43th EHPRG Karlsruhe, Germany, June 27-July 1, 2005
[12] Klotz S, Besson J M, Hamel G, Nelmes R J, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Wilson R M 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 1735
[13] Fan D W, Wei S Y, Xie H S 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 010702
[14] Sung C M 1997 High Temp. High Pressure 29 253
[15] He D W, Wang H K, Tan N, Wang W D, Kou Z L, Peng F 2007 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 201010142804.7) [贺端威, 王海阔, 谭宁, 王文丹, 寇自力, 彭放 2007 中国专利(专利号: ZL 201010142804.7)]
[16] Wang H K, He D W 2011 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 201110091480.3) [王海阔, 贺端威 2011 中国专利(专利号: ZL 201110091480.3)]
[17] Li Z C, Jia X P, Huang Guo F, Hu M H, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014701
[18] Yu G, Han Q G, Li M Z, Jia X P, Ma H A, Li Y F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 040702 (in Chinese) [于歌, 韩奇钢, 李明哲, 贾晓鹏, 马红安, 李月芬 2012 61 040702]
[19] Khvostantsev L G 1984 High Temp. -High Pressure 16 165
[20] Zhao Y S, He D W, Jiang Q, Pantea C, Lokshin K A, Zhang J Z, Daemen L L 2005 TAP-98, in the HiPPO Diffractor, in Advances in High-Pressure Technology for Geophysical Applications (Berlin: Elsevier) p461
[21] Wang H K, He D W, Tan N, Wang W D, Wang J H, Dong H N, Ma H, Kou Z L, Peng F, Liu X, Li S C 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 116101
[22] Wang H K, He D WYan X Z, Xu C, Guan J W, Tan N, Wang W D 2011 High Press. Res. 31 581
[23] Wang H K, He D W 2012 High Press. Res. 32 186
[24] Liebermann Robert C, Wang Y B 1992 High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences (Washington DC: AGU) p19
[25] Tange Y, Irifune T, Funakoshi K 2008 High Press. Res. 28 245
[26] Kunimoto T, Irifune T 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 215 02190
[27] Utsumi W, Funakoshi K I, Katayama Y, Yamakata M, Okada T, Shimomura O 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 10497
[28] Wang Y B, Durham W B, Getting I C, Weidner D J 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 3002
[29] Tomoo K, Kenichi F, Atsushi K, Norimasa N, Yoshinori T, Sueda Y, Tomoaki K, Wataru U 2004 Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 143-144 497
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[31] Frost D J, Poe B T, Tronnes R G, Liebske C, Duba A, Rubie D C 2004 Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. 143-144 507
[32] Kawai N, Endo S 1970 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41 1178
[33] Cordier P, Rubie D C 2001 Mater. Sci. Engin. A 309-310 38
[34] L S J, Luo J T, Su L, Hu Y, Yuan C S, Hong S M 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6852 (in Chinese) [吕世杰, 罗建太, 苏磊, 胡云, 袁朝圣, 洪时明 2009 58 6852]
[35] Kunimoto T, Irifune T, Sumiya H 2008 High Pres. Res. 28 237
[36] Kunimoto T, Irifune T 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 215 012190
[37] He D W, Wang F L, Kou Z L, Peng F 2007 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 2007 1 0048839.2) [贺端威, 王福龙, 寇自力, 彭放 2007 中国专利 (专利号: ZL 2007 1 0048839.2)]
[38] Wang F L, He D W, Fang L M, Chen X F, Li Y J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kou Z L, Peng F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5429 (in Chinese) [王福龙, 贺端威, 房雷鸣, 陈晓芳, 李拥军, 张伟, 张剑, 寇自力, 彭放 2008 57 5429]
[39] Wang W D, He D W, Wang H K, Wang F L, Dong H N, Chen H H, Li Z Y, Zhang J, Wang S M, Kou Z L, Peng F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3107 (in Chinese) [王文丹, 贺端威, 王海阔, 王福龙, 董海妮, 陈海花, 李子扬, 张剑, 王善民, 寇自力, 彭放 2010 59 3107]
[40] Guan J W, He D W, Wang H K, Peng F, Wang W D, Wang K X, He K 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 100701 (in Chinese) [管俊伟, 贺端威, 王海阔, 彭放, 王文丹, 王凯雪, 贺凯 2012 61 100701]
[41] Tange Y, Takahashi E, Funakoshi K 2011 High Press. Res. 31 413
[42] Wang H K, He D W, Xu C, Tang M J, Li Y, Dong H N, Meng C M, Wang Z G, Zhu W J 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 043505
[43] He D W, Wang H K, Xu C 2012 Chinese Patent (No. 201210149626) [贺端威, 王海阔, 许超 2012 中国专利 (专利号申请号: 201210149626)]
[44] Lorenzana H E, Boppart H, Silvera I F 1988 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59 2583
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[1] Irifune T, Kurio A, Sakamoto S, Inoue T, Sumiya H 2003 Nature 42 599
[2] Qin J Q, He D W, Wang J H, Fang L M, Lei L, Li Y J, Hu J, Kou Z L, Bi Y 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 4780
[3] Tian Y J, Xu B, Yu D L, Ma Y M, Wang Y B, Jiang Y B, Hu W T, Tang C C, Gao Y F, Luo K, Zhao Z S, Wang L M, Wen B, He J L, Liu Z Y 2013 Nature 493 385
[4] Xu C, He D W,Wang H K, Guan J W, Liu C M, Peng F, Wang W D, Kou Z L, He K, Yan X Z, Bi Y, Liu L, Li F J, Hui B 2012 Int. J. Refract. Metals and Hard Mater. 36 232
[5] Oganov A R, Ono S 2004 Nature 430 445
[6] Ma Y M, Eremets M Oganov A R Xie Y, Trojan I, Medvedev S Lyakhov A O, Valle M, Prakapenka V 2009 Nature 458 182
[7] Hemley R J, Soos Z G, Hanfland M, Mao H K 1994 Nature 369 384
[8] Dubrovinsky L, Dubrovinskaia N, Prakapenka V B, Abakumov A M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1163
[9] Jayaraman A 1986 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 57 1013
[10] Andrault D, Fiquet G 2001 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 72 1283
[11] Peiris S M, Butcher R, Pearson W 2005 Joint 20th AIRAPT-43th EHPRG Karlsruhe, Germany, June 27-July 1, 2005
[12] Klotz S, Besson J M, Hamel G, Nelmes R J, Loveday J S, Marshall W G, Wilson R M 1995 Appl. Phys. Lett. 66 1735
[13] Fan D W, Wei S Y, Xie H S 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 010702
[14] Sung C M 1997 High Temp. High Pressure 29 253
[15] He D W, Wang H K, Tan N, Wang W D, Kou Z L, Peng F 2007 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 201010142804.7) [贺端威, 王海阔, 谭宁, 王文丹, 寇自力, 彭放 2007 中国专利(专利号: ZL 201010142804.7)]
[16] Wang H K, He D W 2011 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 201110091480.3) [王海阔, 贺端威 2011 中国专利(专利号: ZL 201110091480.3)]
[17] Li Z C, Jia X P, Huang Guo F, Hu M H, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014701
[18] Yu G, Han Q G, Li M Z, Jia X P, Ma H A, Li Y F 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 040702 (in Chinese) [于歌, 韩奇钢, 李明哲, 贾晓鹏, 马红安, 李月芬 2012 61 040702]
[19] Khvostantsev L G 1984 High Temp. -High Pressure 16 165
[20] Zhao Y S, He D W, Jiang Q, Pantea C, Lokshin K A, Zhang J Z, Daemen L L 2005 TAP-98, in the HiPPO Diffractor, in Advances in High-Pressure Technology for Geophysical Applications (Berlin: Elsevier) p461
[21] Wang H K, He D W, Tan N, Wang W D, Wang J H, Dong H N, Ma H, Kou Z L, Peng F, Liu X, Li S C 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 116101
[22] Wang H K, He D WYan X Z, Xu C, Guan J W, Tan N, Wang W D 2011 High Press. Res. 31 581
[23] Wang H K, He D W 2012 High Press. Res. 32 186
[24] Liebermann Robert C, Wang Y B 1992 High-Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences (Washington DC: AGU) p19
[25] Tange Y, Irifune T, Funakoshi K 2008 High Press. Res. 28 245
[26] Kunimoto T, Irifune T 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 215 02190
[27] Utsumi W, Funakoshi K I, Katayama Y, Yamakata M, Okada T, Shimomura O 2002 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 14 10497
[28] Wang Y B, Durham W B, Getting I C, Weidner D J 2003 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 74 3002
[29] Tomoo K, Kenichi F, Atsushi K, Norimasa N, Yoshinori T, Sueda Y, Tomoaki K, Wataru U 2004 Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 143-144 497
[30] Reza A, Henry Z, Carter C 2005 Dia. Relat. Mater. 14 1916
[31] Frost D J, Poe B T, Tronnes R G, Liebske C, Duba A, Rubie D C 2004 Phys. Earth. Planet. Int. 143-144 507
[32] Kawai N, Endo S 1970 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 41 1178
[33] Cordier P, Rubie D C 2001 Mater. Sci. Engin. A 309-310 38
[34] L S J, Luo J T, Su L, Hu Y, Yuan C S, Hong S M 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6852 (in Chinese) [吕世杰, 罗建太, 苏磊, 胡云, 袁朝圣, 洪时明 2009 58 6852]
[35] Kunimoto T, Irifune T, Sumiya H 2008 High Pres. Res. 28 237
[36] Kunimoto T, Irifune T 2010 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 215 012190
[37] He D W, Wang F L, Kou Z L, Peng F 2007 Chinese Patent (No. ZL 2007 1 0048839.2) [贺端威, 王福龙, 寇自力, 彭放 2007 中国专利 (专利号: ZL 2007 1 0048839.2)]
[38] Wang F L, He D W, Fang L M, Chen X F, Li Y J, Zhang W, Zhang J, Kou Z L, Peng F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 5429 (in Chinese) [王福龙, 贺端威, 房雷鸣, 陈晓芳, 李拥军, 张伟, 张剑, 寇自力, 彭放 2008 57 5429]
[39] Wang W D, He D W, Wang H K, Wang F L, Dong H N, Chen H H, Li Z Y, Zhang J, Wang S M, Kou Z L, Peng F 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3107 (in Chinese) [王文丹, 贺端威, 王海阔, 王福龙, 董海妮, 陈海花, 李子扬, 张剑, 王善民, 寇自力, 彭放 2010 59 3107]
[40] Guan J W, He D W, Wang H K, Peng F, Wang W D, Wang K X, He K 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 100701 (in Chinese) [管俊伟, 贺端威, 王海阔, 彭放, 王文丹, 王凯雪, 贺凯 2012 61 100701]
[41] Tange Y, Takahashi E, Funakoshi K 2011 High Press. Res. 31 413
[42] Wang H K, He D W, Xu C, Tang M J, Li Y, Dong H N, Meng C M, Wang Z G, Zhu W J 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 043505
[43] He D W, Wang H K, Xu C 2012 Chinese Patent (No. 201210149626) [贺端威, 王海阔, 许超 2012 中国专利 (专利号申请号: 201210149626)]
[44] Lorenzana H E, Boppart H, Silvera I F 1988 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59 2583
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