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The viscosity and surface tension of metal melt are all sensitive physical properties that relate to the liquid structure and also have a certain correlation between them. For electronic packaging materials, both viscosities and surface tensions are very important parameters affecting the processing properties. In this study, the viscosities of Sn-xCu (x = 0.7, 1.5, 2) solder melts are measured by using a torsional oscillation high-temperature viscometer. Abrupt change in viscosity occurrs in a certain range of temperature. The temperature range can accordingly be divided into a low temperature zone and a high temperature zone. The relationship between viscosity and temperature can fit to the Arrhenius equation very well in each temperature zone. The structure characteristics and evolutions of the liquid solders are then discussed. Meanwhile, the surface tensions of the Sn-xCu solders are calculated according to the viscosity values at the corresponding temperatures. The test results of the wetting angle and the spreading rate are in good agreement with the calculations, indicating that the method of using the viscosity values to calculate the surface tensions of binary lead-free solder alloys and evaluate their wettabilities is feasible.
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Keywords:
- Sn-Cu solder /
- viscosity /
- surface tension /
- wettability
[1] Geng H R, Sun C J, Yang Z X, Wang R, Ji L L 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1320 (in Chinese) [耿浩然, 孙春静, 杨中喜, 王瑞, 吉蕾蕾 2006 55 1320]
[2] Hou J X, Guo H X, Zhan C W, Tian X L, Chen X C 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 2038
[3] Mi G B, Li P J, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 056601 (in Chinese) [弭光宝, 李培杰, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 60 056601]
[4] Sun M H, Geng H R, Bian X F, Liu Y 2000 Acta Metall. Sin. 36 1134 (in Chinese) [孙民华, 耿浩然, 边秀房, 刘燕 2000 金属学报 36 1134]
[5] Wang J L 2002 Microelectron. Reliabbility 42 293
[6] Sun Y Y, Zhang Z Q, Wong C P 2005 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 290 1204
[7] Wei X Q, Zhou L, Huang H Z, Xiao H B 2005 Mater. Lett. 59 1889
[8] Egry I, Lohöfer G, Sauerland S 1993 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 156-158 830
[9] Egry I 1993 Scripta Metall. Mater. 28 1273
[10] Zhao N, Pan X M, Ma H T, Wang L 2008 Acta Metall. Sin. 44 467 (in Chinese) [赵宁, 潘学民, 马海涛, 王来 2008 金属学报 44 467]
[11] Zhao N, Pan X M, Ma H T, Dong C, Guo S H, Lu W, Wang L 2008 J. Phys. Confer. Ser. 98 U141
[12] Mi G B, Li P J, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 046601 (in Chinese) [弭光宝, 李培杰, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 60 046601]
[13] Mao T, Bian X F, Xue X Y, Zhang Y N, Guo J, Sun B A 2007 Physica B 387 1
[14] Nishimura S, Matsumoto S, Terashima K 2002 J. Cryst. Growth 237-239 1667
[15] Yang Z X, Geng H R, Tao Z D, Sun C J 2004 J. At. Mol. Phys. 21 663 (in Chinese) [杨中喜, 耿浩然, 陶珍东, 孙春静 2004 原子分子 21 663]
[16] Zhao N 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Dalian:Dalian University of Technology) (in Chinese) [赵宁 2008 博士学位论文 (大连:大连理工大学)]
[17] Teng X Y, Min G H, Liu H L, Shi Z Q, Wang H R, Ye Y F 2001 Mater. Sci. Technol. 9 383 (in Chinese) [腾新营, 闽光辉, 刘含莲, 石志强, 王焕荣, 叶以富 2001 材料科学与工艺 9 383]
[18] Iida T, Roderick I L 1993 The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals (Oxford:Clarendon Press)
[19] Abtew M, Selvaduray G 2000 Mater. Sci. Eng. R 27 95
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[1] Geng H R, Sun C J, Yang Z X, Wang R, Ji L L 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 1320 (in Chinese) [耿浩然, 孙春静, 杨中喜, 王瑞, 吉蕾蕾 2006 55 1320]
[2] Hou J X, Guo H X, Zhan C W, Tian X L, Chen X C 2006 Mater. Lett. 60 2038
[3] Mi G B, Li P J, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 056601 (in Chinese) [弭光宝, 李培杰, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 60 056601]
[4] Sun M H, Geng H R, Bian X F, Liu Y 2000 Acta Metall. Sin. 36 1134 (in Chinese) [孙民华, 耿浩然, 边秀房, 刘燕 2000 金属学报 36 1134]
[5] Wang J L 2002 Microelectron. Reliabbility 42 293
[6] Sun Y Y, Zhang Z Q, Wong C P 2005 Macromol. Mater. Eng. 290 1204
[7] Wei X Q, Zhou L, Huang H Z, Xiao H B 2005 Mater. Lett. 59 1889
[8] Egry I, Lohöfer G, Sauerland S 1993 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 156-158 830
[9] Egry I 1993 Scripta Metall. Mater. 28 1273
[10] Zhao N, Pan X M, Ma H T, Wang L 2008 Acta Metall. Sin. 44 467 (in Chinese) [赵宁, 潘学民, 马海涛, 王来 2008 金属学报 44 467]
[11] Zhao N, Pan X M, Ma H T, Dong C, Guo S H, Lu W, Wang L 2008 J. Phys. Confer. Ser. 98 U141
[12] Mi G B, Li P J, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 046601 (in Chinese) [弭光宝, 李培杰, Ohapkin A V, Konstantinova N Yu, Sabirzianov A A, Popel P S 2011 60 046601]
[13] Mao T, Bian X F, Xue X Y, Zhang Y N, Guo J, Sun B A 2007 Physica B 387 1
[14] Nishimura S, Matsumoto S, Terashima K 2002 J. Cryst. Growth 237-239 1667
[15] Yang Z X, Geng H R, Tao Z D, Sun C J 2004 J. At. Mol. Phys. 21 663 (in Chinese) [杨中喜, 耿浩然, 陶珍东, 孙春静 2004 原子分子 21 663]
[16] Zhao N 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Dalian:Dalian University of Technology) (in Chinese) [赵宁 2008 博士学位论文 (大连:大连理工大学)]
[17] Teng X Y, Min G H, Liu H L, Shi Z Q, Wang H R, Ye Y F 2001 Mater. Sci. Technol. 9 383 (in Chinese) [腾新营, 闽光辉, 刘含莲, 石志强, 王焕荣, 叶以富 2001 材料科学与工艺 9 383]
[18] Iida T, Roderick I L 1993 The Physical Properties of Liquid Metals (Oxford:Clarendon Press)
[19] Abtew M, Selvaduray G 2000 Mater. Sci. Eng. R 27 95
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