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The nanoinstability of single-wall carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) under electron beam irradiation is systematically investigated by in-situ transmission electron microscopie observation at room temperature. Under the same irradiation condition, it is found that with the increasre irradiation time(or electron dose), the SWCNT whose two ends are fixed at ropes of nanotubes shrinks in its radial direction with an increasingly faster rate; the curved SWCNT is more instable than the straight one with a the same diameter; the SWCNT with a free capped end but the other end fixed at a rope of nanotubes shrinks in the axial direction but almost keeps its diameter unchanged. All experimental phenomena could be well accounted for by new concepts of vaporing and diffusing of carbon atoms as strongly driven by the nanocurvature of SWCNT as well as by the electron beam-induced athermal activation.
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Keywords:
- electron beam irradiation /
- single-wall carbon nanotube /
- vaporing and diffusing /
- athermal activation effect
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[1] Iijima S, Ichihashi T 1993 Nature 363 603
[2] Collins P G, Zettl A, Bando H, Thess A, Smalley R E 1997 Science 278 5335
[3] Li P J, Zhang W J, Zhang Q F, Wu J L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1054(in Chinese)[李萍剑, 张文静, 张琦锋, 吴锦雷 2007 56 1054]
[4] Sun J P, Wang T H 2002 Acta Phys. Sin. 51 2096(in Chinese)[孙劲鹏, 王太宏 2002 51 2096]
[5] Ajayan P M, Ravikumar V, Charlier J C 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 1437
[6] Banhart F 1999 Rep. Prog. Phys. 62 1181
[7] Smith B W, Luzzi D E 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 3509
[8] Terrones M, Terrones H, Banhart F, Charlier J C, Ajayan PM2000 Science 288 1226
[9] Terrones M, Banhart F, Grobert N, Charlier J C, Terrones H, Ajayan P M 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 075505
[10] Krasheninnikov A V, Banhart F 2007 Nature Mater. 6 723
[11] Yoon M, Han S, Kim G, Lee S B, Berber S, Osawa E, Ihm J, Terrones M, Banhart F, Charlier J C, Grobert N, Terrones H, Ajayan P M, Tománek D 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 075504
[12] Zobelli A, Gloter A, Ewels C P, Colliex C 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 045410
[13] Yasuda M, Mimura R, Kawata H, Hirai Y 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109054304
[14] Börrnert F, Gorantla S, Bachmatiuk A, Warner H J, Ibrahim I, Thomas J, Gemming T, Eckert J, Cuniberti G, Büchner B, Rümmeli H M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 201401(R)
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[17] Zhu X F, Wang Z G 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 737
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[19] Warner J H, Schäffel F, Zhong G F, Rümmeli M H, Büchner B, Robertson J, Briggs G D 2009 ACS Nano 3 1557
[20] Hashimoto A, Suenaga K, Gloter A, Urita K, Iijima S 2004 Nature 430 870
[21] Suenage K,Wakabayashi H, Koshino M, Sato Y, Urita K, Iijima S 2007 Nature Nanotechnology 2 358
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