Microstructure and electrical properties of Ni-Fe-B-Si-P amorphous alloys controlled by supercooled liquid-phase annealing

FENG Rui; ZHANG Zhongyi; CHEN Chunhua; SHANG Bolin; LI Dongmei; YU Peng

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20250368

Abstract

Amorphous alloys have become a research hotpot in the field of materials science due to their unique long-range disordered structure and excellent physical properties. However, the complex microstructural evolution and electronic transport mechanisms of amorphous alloys under thermal effects still need in depth investigating. In this work, Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ amorphous alloy ribbons are prepared by the melt-spinning technique, and the as-cast samples are subjected to annealing treatments within the supercooled liquid region. The results show that annealing within the supercooled liquid region enhances the short-range order, reduces the free volume, and increases the atomic packing density of the alloys. The volume fractions of the local quasi-crystalline clusters in the annealed samples increase to 26%－34%. Furthermore, the increases in scattering centers and the release of internal stresses induced by the supercooled liquid region annealing lead to an increase in the electrical resistivity of the alloys. Specifically, the resistivity of the Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloy increases from 131.8 μΩ·cm to 217.0 μΩ·cm, a increase of 64.6%. Under an applied magnetic field, the deflection of electron trajectories due to the Lorentz force and the magnetostriction effect further increases the resistivity of the alloys. Additionally, thermal activation releases the bound electrons and enhances their scattering, resulting in an increase in the carrier concentration and a decrease in the carrier mobility of the annealed alloys. This study demonstrates that annealing can effectively control the short-range order and free volume distribution of amorphous alloys, thereby influencing their electronic transport properties. The findings provide an experimental basis for designing high-performance amorphous alloy electronic devices.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China

Corresponding author: LI Dongmei, dongmeili14@163.com ; YU Peng, pengyu@cqnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12404228, 52371148), the Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (Grant No. KJQN202200510), and the Chongqing University Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China (Grant Nos. S202410637008, S202410637003).

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References

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[7]	Shen P P, Yuan F S, Zhou H B, Hu J, Sun B A 2023 J. Alloy. Compd. 44 169168 Google Scholar
[8]	Li X, Ren Q, Xu G J, Zhao A C, Duan L 2024 J. Mater. Sci-Mater. El. 35 564 Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和(b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的XRD图; (c) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的FWHM数值

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns of Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing; (c) FWHM of Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing.

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图 2 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和(b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的DSC曲线图

Figure 2. DSC curves of (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing.

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图 3 退火前后合金SEM图像　(a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃; (b) A653; (c) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃; (d) B673; (e) 与A653对应的EDS图

Figure 3. SEM images of (a)Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (b)A653, (c) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (d) B673 alloys before and after annealing; (e) EDS image corresponding to A653.

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图 4 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (b) A653, (c) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (d) B673合金退火前后TEM图像, 插图为对应的SAED图像

Figure 4. TEM images of (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (b) A653, (c) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, and (d) B673 alloys before and after annealing with insets showing the corresponding SAED images.

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图 5 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (c) A653, (d) B673合金TEM图的2D自相关映射图, 出现清晰条纹的图用红色方框标记, 对应局域类晶体结构

Figure 5. 2D autocorrelation mapping of the TEM images of (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃, (c)A653, (d) B673alloys before and after annealing, with clearly defined striped patterns marked by red squares, corresponding to the local quasi-crystalline structures.

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图 6 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和(b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的归一化电阻率(ρ_T/ρ_{300 K})曲线图; (c) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和(d) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金在1 T磁场下退火前后的归一化电阻率(ρ_H/ρ_{300 K})曲线图

Figure 6. Normalized resistivity (ρ_T/ρ_{300 K}) curves of (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing; normalized resistivity (ρ_H/ρ_{300 K}) of (c) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and (d) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing under a 1 T magnetic field.

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图 7 (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和(b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的室温载流子浓度与载流子迁移率曲线

Figure 7. Room-temperature carrier concentration and carrier mobility curves of (a) Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and (b) Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing.

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表 1 Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的热力学参数

Table 1. Thermodynamic parameters of Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing.

Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃	T_g/K	Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃	T_g/K
As-spun	711.25	As-spun	702.13
A643	712.97	B663	703.56
A653	714.12	B673	704.96
A663	715.56	B683	706.05

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表 2 Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃和Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃合金退火前后的霍尔参数

Table 2. Hall parameters of of Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ and Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃ alloys before and after annealing.

Ni₄₀Fe₃₅B₁₅Si₇P₃	n_H/(10²⁰ cm^–3)	μ/(cm²·V^–1·s^-1)	R_H/(10³ cm³·C^–1)	Ni₅₀Fe₂₅B₁₅Si₇P₃	n_H/(10²⁰ cm^–3)	μ/(cm²·V^–1·s^–1)	R_H/(10³ cm³·C^–1)
As-spun	1.40	205.17	–44.53	As-spun	1.37	278.17	–45.71
A643	1.47	172.04	–42.36	B663	1.44	246.19	–43.24
A653	1.50	156.51	–41.54	B673	1.48	224.32	–42.22
A663	1.73	127.64	–36.02	B683	1.50	201.35	–41.59

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[1]	Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487 Google Scholar
[2]	Inoue A, Takeuchi A 2011 Acta Mater. 59 2243 Google Scholar
[3]	Wu Y, Bei H, Wang Y L, Lu Z P, George E P, Gao Y F 2015 Int. J. Plasticity 71 136 Google Scholar
[4]	王壮, 金凡, 李伟, 阮嘉艺, 王龙飞, 吴雪莲, 张义坤, 袁晨晨 2024 73 217101 Google Scholar Wang Z, Jin F, Li W, Ruan J Y, Wang L F, Wu X L, Zhang Y K, Yuan C C 2024 Acta Phys. Sin. 73 217101 Google Scholar
[5]	Lu W B, He M F, Yu D, Xie X M, Wang H, Wang S, Yuan C G, Chen A 2021 Mater. Design 210 110027 Google Scholar
[6]	Chen M 2011 Npg Asia Mater. 3 82 Google Scholar
[7]	Shen P P, Yuan F S, Zhou H B, Hu J, Sun B A 2023 J. Alloy. Compd. 44 169168 Google Scholar
[8]	Li X, Ren Q, Xu G J, Zhao A C, Duan L 2024 J. Mater. Sci-Mater. El. 35 564 Google Scholar
[9]	Nai J W, Kang J X, Guo L 2015 Sci. China Mater. 58 44 Google Scholar
[10]	Yao Y G, Kleinman L, MacDonald A H, Sinova J, Jungwirth T, Wang D S, Wang E G, Niu Q 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 037204 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu W J, Zhang H X, Shi J A, Wang Z C, Song C, Wang X R, Chen N 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13497 Google Scholar
[12]	Wu M, Lou H B, Tse J S, Liu H Y, Pan Y M, Takahama K, Matsuoka T, Shimizu K, Jiang J Z 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 054201 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhang Y Q, Zhou L Y, Tao S Y, Jiao Y Z, Li J F, Zheng K M, Hu Y C, Fang K X, Song C, Zhong X Y 2021 Sci. China Mater. 64 2305 Google Scholar
[14]	He S Y, Li Y G, Liu L, Jiang Y, Feng J J, Zhu W, Zhang J Y, Dong Z R, Deng Y, Luo J, Zhang W Q, Chen G 2020 Sci. Adv. 6 eaaz8423 Google Scholar
[15]	Mo S, Zeng J, Zhang H, Wu Y N, Liu T, Ni H W 2023 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 143 189 Google Scholar
[16]	Li X S, Su F C, Zhou J, Mao Y C, Yang J M, Xue Z Y, Ke H B, Sun B A, Wang W H, Bai H Y 2024 Intermetallics 166 108201 Google Scholar
[17]	Ma H J, Wei W Q, Bao W K, Shen X B, Wang C C, Wang W M 2020 Rare. Metal Mat. Eng. 49 2904 [马海健, 魏文庆, 鲍文科, 神祥博, 王长春, 王伟民 2020 稀有金属材料与工程 49 2904]Google Scholar Ma H J, Wei W Q, Bao W K, Shen X B, Wang C C, Wang W M 2020 Rare. Metal Mat. Eng. 49 2904 Google Scholar
[18]	Tong X, Zhang Y, Wang Y C, Liang X Y, Zhang K, Zhang F, Cai Y F, Ke H B, Wang G, Shen J, Makino A, Wang W H 2022 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 96 233 Google Scholar
[19]	Jia J L, Wu Y, Shi L X, Wang R B, Guo W H, Bu H T, Shao Y, Chen N, Yao K F 2024 Mater. 17 1447 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang L K, Liu L M, Zhang R, Chen D, Ma G Z, Ye C G 2023 Mater. Res. Express 10 055201 Google Scholar
[21]	Liu B B, Liu C Y, Jiang X, Zhen S Y, You L, Ye F 2021 Intermetallics 137 107283 Google Scholar
[22]	Cao C C, Zhu L, Meng Y, Zhai X B, Wang Y G 2018 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 456 274 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang C, Tang Y, Ouyang X P, Wang H K 2025 Mat. Sci. Eng. A 924 147843 Google Scholar
[24]	Zhang S, Wei C, Yang L, Lv J W, Zhang H R, Shi Z L, Zhang X Y, Ma M Z. 2022 Mat. Sci. Eng. A 840 142978 Google Scholar
[25]	吴渊, 宋温丽, 周捷, 曹迪, 王辉, 刘雄军, 吕昭平 2017 66 176111 Google Scholar Wu Y, Song W L, Zhou J, Cao D, Wang H, Liu X J, Lü Z P 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 176111 Google Scholar
[26]	Pan J, Duan F H 2021 Acta Metall. Sin. 57 439 [潘杰, 段峰辉 2021 金属学报 57 439]Google Scholar Pan J, Duan F H 2021 Acta Metall. Sin. 57 439 Google Scholar
[27]	张志英, 汤迦南, 余杰, 王旭东, 黄罗超, 邹俊文, 唐浩, 张继康, 陈亚涛, 程东鹏 2018 中国腐蚀与防护学报 38 478 Google Scholar Zhang Z Y, Tang J N, Yu J, Wang X D, Huang L C, Zhou J W, Tang H, Zhang J K, Chen Y T, Cheng D P 2018 J. Chin. Soc. Corros. Prot. 38 478 Google Scholar
[28]	Teusner M, Mata J, Sharma N 2022 Curr. Opin. Electroche. 34 100990 Google Scholar
[29]	刘文胜, 刘书华, 马运柱, 张佳佳, 叶晓珊 2015 稀有金属材料与工程 44 2459 Liu W S, Liu S H, Ma Y Z, Zhang J J, Ye X S 2015 Rare Met. Mater. Eng. 44 2459
[30]	Ström P, Primetzhofer D 2021 Nucl. Mater. Energy 27 100979 Google Scholar
[31]	陈仙, 王炎武, 王晓艳, 安书董, 王小波, 赵玉清 2014 63 246801 Google Scholar Chen X, Wang Y W, Wang X Y, An S D, Wang X B, Zhao Y Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 246801 Google Scholar
[32]	Wang Q, Liu C T, Yang Y, Liu J B, Dong Y D, Lu J 2014 Sci. Rep-Uk. 4 4648 Google Scholar
[33]	Wang Q, Liu C T, Yang Y, Dong Y D, Lu J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 215505 Google Scholar
[34]	Ezzat S S, Mani P D, Khaniya A, Kaden W, Gall D, Barmak K, Coffey K R 2019 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 37 031516 Google Scholar
[35]	Guo Y M, Wang X C, Li X, Zhang T 2023 Mater. Lett. 336 133890 Google Scholar
[36]	Yao X, Wang L Y, Shuai C J, Gao C D 2025 Mater. Lett. 384 138127 Google Scholar
[37]	张广平, 李孟林, 吴细毛, 李春和, 罗雪梅 2014 材料研究学报 28 81 Google Scholar Zhang G P, Li M L, Wu X M, Li C H, Luo X M 2014 Chin. J. Mater. Res. 28 81 Google Scholar

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Vol. 74, Issue 11 - 2025-06-05

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