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The dynamic relaxation process of amorphous alloys is an important issue to understand the diffusion behavior, plastic deformation as well as glass transition phenomenon. In the current research, (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy with a pronounced β relaxation process was selected as a model system to study the dynamic mechanical relaxation processes. Influence of driving frequency, physical aging and applied strain amplitude on the β relaxation of the La-based metallic glass was probed process using dynamic mechanical analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the peak of the β relaxation process shifts to high temperature by increasing the driving frequency. Physical aging below the glass transition temperature induces a decrease of the intensity of the β relaxation process. The “defects” of amorphous alloy decreases during the physical aging process, which is ascribed to the glassy system shifts to more stable state induced by physical aging treatment. In parallel, the intensity of the β relaxation process of the amorphous alloy increases by increasing strain amplitude. The research sheds new light on further understanding the physical origin of β relaxation process of the amorphous alloy.
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Keywords:
- Amorphous alloy /
- Dynamic mechanical relaxation /
- Physical aging /
- Microstructural heterogeneity
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图 2 (a) (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金归一化储能模量
${E'}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ 和损耗模量${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ 随温度的演化(升温速率: 3 K/min, 加载频率: 0.7 Hz); (b) (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金归一化损耗模量${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ 在不同加载频率随温度的演化 (升温速率为3 K/min). 插图是β弛豫峰温与加载频率的关系, 实线为Arrhenius方程拟合Fig. 2. (a) Temperature dependence of the normalized storage modulus
${E'}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ and loss modulus${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ for (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy (heating rate: 3 K/min , driving frequency: 0.7 Hz); (b) temperature dependence of the normalized loss modulus${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ for (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy with different frequency. Inset shows the frequency versus peak temperature of the β relaxation, the solid line is the Arrhenius equation fit.图 3 (a) 不同温度下(La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金损耗模量
${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ 随加载频率演化; (b) (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金等温和连续加热条件下β弛豫峰温与频率的关系, 实线为Arrhenius方程拟合Fig. 3. (a) Frequency dependence of the normalized loss modulus
${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ for (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy with different temperature; (b) the frequency versus peak temperature of the β relaxation with different states (isochronal mode and frequency sweep mode), the solid line is the Arrhenius equation fit.图 4 (a) (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金等温原位退火过程储能模量
${E'}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ 和内耗$ \tan\delta $ 随退火时间演化(退火温度为403 K, 加载频率为1 Hz, 实线为KWW拟合); (b) (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25非晶合金在铸态和退火态(退火样品的退火温度为403 K, 退火时间为10 h)储能模量和损耗模量随温度演化过程(升温速率: 3 K/min, 加载频率: 1 Hz)Fig. 4. (a) Time dependence of the loss factor
$ \tan\delta $ and normalized storage modulus${E'}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ of (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy, annealing temperature is 403 K, driving frequency is 1 Hz, the solid line is the best fitting by the KWW equation); (b) annealing temperature is 403 K, annealing time is 10 h, temperature dependence of the normalized storage modulus${E'}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ and loss modulus${E''}/{{E}}_{\text{u}}$ of (La0.6Ce0.4)65Al10Co25 amorphous alloy with different states (as-cast and annealed state, heating rate: 3 K/min driving frequency: 1 Hz). -
[1] Demetriou M D, Launey M E, Garrett G, et al. 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 123
Google Scholar
[2] Hufnagel T C, Schuh C A, Falk M L 2016 Acta Mater. 109 375
Google Scholar
[3] Inoue A 2000 Acta Mater. 48 279
Google Scholar
[4] Johnson W, Samwer K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 195501
Google Scholar
[5] Ketov S V, Sun Y H, Nachum S, Lu Z, Checchi A, Beraldin A R, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Louzguine-Luzgin D V, Carpenter M A, Greer A L 2015 Nature 524 200
Google Scholar
[6] Schuh C A, Hufnagel T C, Ramamurty U 2007 Acta Mater. 55 4067
Google Scholar
[7] Wang W H 2012 Prog. Mater. Sci. 57 487
Google Scholar
[8] Wang W H 2012 Nat. Mater. 11 275
Google Scholar
[9] Wang W H 2019 Prog. Mater. Sci. 106 100561
Google Scholar
[10] 汪卫华 2013 物理学进展 33 177
Wang W H 2013 Prog. Phys. 33 177
[11] 乔吉超, 张浪渟, 童钰, 吕国建, 郝奇, 陶凯 2022 力学进展 52 117
Qiao J C, Zhang L T, Tong Y, Lyu G J, Hao Q, Tao K 2022 Adv. Mech. 52 117
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Google Scholar
[13] Ichitsubo T, Matsubara E, Yamamoto T, Chen H, Nishiyama N, Saida J, Anazawa K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 245501
Google Scholar
[14] Liu Y H, Wang D, Nakajima K, Zhang W, Hirata A, Nishi T, Inoue A, Chen M W 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 125504
Google Scholar
[15] Wang W H, Yang Y, Nieh T G, Liu C T 2015 Intermetallics 67 81
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
Wang Z, Wang W H 2017 Acta. Phys. Sin. 66 176105
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[21] Wagner H, Bedorf D, Kuechemann S, Schwabe M, Zhang B, Arnold W, Samwer K 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 439
Google Scholar
[22] Dmowski W, Iwashita T, Chuang C P, Almer J, Egami T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 205502
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[31] 胡丽娜, 张春芝, 岳远征, 边秀房 2010 科学通报 55 115
Hu L N, Zhang C Z, Yue Y Z, Bian Y F 2010 Sci. Bull. 55 115
[32] Wang X D, Ruta B, Xiong L H, et al. 2015 Acta Mater. 99 290
Google Scholar
[33] Li N, Xu X, Zheng Z, Liu L 2014 Acta Mater. 65 400
Google Scholar
[34] Yu H B, Samwer K, Wu Y, Wang W H 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095508
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[44] Perez J 1990 Solid State Ionics 39 69
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[50] Wen P, Zhao Z F, Pan M X, Wang W H 2010 Phys. Status Solidi 207 2693
Google Scholar
[51] Zhu F, Nguyen H, Song S, Aji D P, Hirata A, Wang H, Nakajima K, Chen M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 1
[52] Hiki Y, Tanahashi M, Takeuchi S 2008 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 354 1780
Google Scholar
[53] Angell C A 1988 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 102 205
Google Scholar
[54] 郝奇, 乔吉超, Jean-Marc Pelletier 2020 力学学报 52 360
Google Scholar
Hao Q, Qiao J C, Pelletier J M 2020 Acta Mech. Sin. 52 360
Google Scholar
[55] Wang Z, Yu H B, Wen P, Bai H Y, Wang W H 2011 J. Phys. Condens. Mat. 23 142202
Google Scholar
[56] Liu Y H, Fujita T, Aji D P B, Matsuura M, Chen M W 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 3238
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[58] Aji D P B, Johari G P 2015 J. Chem. Phys. 142 214501
Google Scholar
[59] Johari G P 1976 Ann. Ny. Acad. Sci. 279 117
Google Scholar
[60] Johari G P 2002 J. Non-Cryst. Solids 307-310 317
[61] Johari G P, Goldstein M 1970 J. Chem. Phys. 53 2372
Google Scholar
[62] Johari G P, Goldstein M 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 55 4245
Google Scholar
[63] Perez J 1994 J. Food Eng. 22 89
Google Scholar
[64] Wang Z, Wang W H 2019 Natl. Sci. Rev. 6 304
Google Scholar
[65] Qiao J, Pelletier J-M, Esnouf C, Liu Y, Kato H 2014 J. Alloy. Compd. 607 139
Google Scholar
[66] Gauthier C, David L, Ladouce L, Quinson R, Perez J 1997 J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 65 2517
Google Scholar
[67] Sun Y, Concustell A, Greer A L 2016 Nat. Rev. Mater. 1 16039
Google Scholar
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