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Distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system is widely used in the fields of substation, power cable, natural gas transmission pipeline and other temperature measurement systems. It can continuously measure the temperature information at each location along the sensing direction. Raman distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system demodulates the temperature information based on Raman Stokes scattered light and anti-Stokes scattered light power, and the Raman scattering light power directly affects the temperature measurement accuracy. So, it is a challenging task to control the hardware of the system to ensure the feasiblity of the Raman sacttering signals. The laser pulse power, and the gain of avalanche photodetector may vary randomly in the system, resulting in fluctuations in the acquired Raman scattered light power data. Therefore, a scheme of Raman distributed fiber temperature measurement system based on dynamic calibration is proposed in this work, and by setting up the temperature calibration unit and combining the proposed power correction algorithm and previous calibration data, the Raman Stokes scattering light and Raman anti-Stokes scattering light power are calibrated at the same laser pulse power level and avalanche photodetector gain, thereby improving the temperature measurement accuracy of the system. For the performance demonstration of the new scheme, the experimental system adopts 50-ns laser pulse to carry out temperature measurement experiments with a 4.6-km long single-mode fiber. The results show that in the temperature measurement range from 35 ℃ to 95 ℃, based on the traditional temperature demodulation algorithm, the temperature deviation measured is in the range from –5.8 ℃ to 1.0 ℃, and the root mean square error is 4.0 ℃, and by the dynamic calibration algorithm, the deviation of deviation measured is within –0.8 ℃–0.9 ℃ and the root mean square error is 0.5 ℃. Therefore, the novel Raman-type distributed optical fiber temperature measurement system proposed in this work has the function to dynamically correct the Raman-type scattered light power to suppress the influence caused by instability of the key devices such as pulsed laser and avalanche photodetector and improve the temperature measurement accuracy, which is valuable in practical engineering applications.
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Keywords:
- distributed optical fiber sensing /
- Raman scattered light /
- dynamic calibration /
- power correction.
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图 1 实验系统原理图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of experimental system. LS, laser source; AOM, acousto-optic modulator; EDFA, erbium doped fiber amplifier; WDM, wavelength division multiplexer; TCU, temperature calibration unit; FUT, fiber under test; CTB, constant temperature box; APD, avalanche photo detector; DAQ, data acquisition card; PC, personal computer.
图 2 时域拉曼散射功率曲线 (a)斯托克斯光; (b)反斯托克斯光
Figure 2. Time domain Raman scattering power traces: (a) Stokes; (b) anti-Stokes.
图 3 时域拉曼标定拟合功率曲线 (a)斯托克斯光; (b)反斯托克斯光
Figure 3. Time domain Raman calibration fitting the power traces: (a) Stokes; (b) anti-Stokes.
图 4 时域拉曼动态标定及校正后功率曲线 (a)斯托克斯光; (b)反斯托克斯光
Figure 4. Time domain Raman dynamic calibration and corrected power traces: (a) Stokes; (b) anti-Stokes.
图 5 传统双路温度解调结果
Figure 5. Results of traditional dual-channel temperature demodulation.
图 6 散射光动态标定及校正算法解调结果
Figure 6. Demodulation results of scattered light dynamic calibration and correction algorithm.
图 7 空间分辨率
Figure 7. Spatial resolution.
表 1 传统双路温度数据对比
Table 1. Traditional dual-channel temperature data comparison.
实际温度/℃ 测得温度/℃ 误差/℃ 35.0 36.0 +1.0 45.0 43.0 –2.0 55.0 50.4 –4.6 65.0 64.1 –0.9 75.0 69.6 –5.4 85.0 80.2 –4.8 95.0 89.2 –5.8 
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表 2 基于动态标定及校正算法温度数据对比
Table 2. Temperature data comparison based on dynamic calibration and calibration algorithm
实际温度/℃ 测得温度/℃ 比值H1 比值H2 误差/℃ 35.0 35.4 1.0180 1.0150 +0.4 45.0 45.3 1.0100 1.0225 +0.3 55.0 54.6 1.0141 1.0350 –0.4 65.0 64.2 1.0365 1.0366 –0.8 75.0 75.2 1.0204 1.0443 +0.2 85.0 85.9 1.0250 1.0478 +0.9 95.0 95.5 1.0263 1.0500 +0.5
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