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Plasma spontaneous rotation significantly influences confinement performance and stability in tokamaks. Effectively inducing this rotation is essential for stabilizing resistive wall modes (RWMs) and ensuring the stable operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Recent experiments on the Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device demonstrated that resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) can induce neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque under certain conditions, successfully driving plasma rotation. Similarly, an increase in plasma rotation in the direction of the plasma current following RMP application has been observed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). However, unlike the KSTAR findings, NTV torque simulations for EAST are two orders of magnitude lower than experimental measurements, suggesting additional mechanisms beyond NTV may be driving the observed plasma rotations. To investigate these mechanisms, momentum balance, causality, and statistical analyses have been performed at EAST. An increase in rotation velocity has been found to correlate with significant changes in the E × B flow, matching the RMP-induced torque distribution. This alignment suggests that residual stress, arising from variations in E × B shear, may drive the observed rotation increases. The effects of stochastic fields on multi-scale turbulence are proposed as a possible explanation for correlations between E × B velocity and toroidal rotation. Stochastic fields appear to enhance the inertia of large-scale turbulence while driving small-scale turbulence to maintain quasi-neutrality. The resulting turbulent Reynolds stress, generated by small-scale turbulence, may account for the observed E × B velocity increases during RMP application. Statistical analysis further highlights the importance of island width in understanding the threshold RMP current in ramping-up RMP experiments, supporting the conclusion that turbulence-driven E × B shear-related residual stress is the key mechanism driving plasma rotation following RMP application.
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Keywords:
- tokamak /
- momentum transport /
- intrinsic rotation /
- RMP
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