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Acoustic scattering is an important part of ocean acoustics, and the acoustic scattering caused by the unevenness of the seafloor surface is one of the reasons for the fluctuation of acoustic propagation in the ocean. In order to solve the acoustic scattering problem of sea bottom surface roughness, normal wave theory is used to model the acoustic field. To simplify the problem, Lambert’s law is used to establish the seafloor rough scattering model in horizontal layered shallow sea waveguides, and the scattering field is assumed to be isotropic in the horizontal direction. Based on this model, the amplitude distribution and the phase distribution of the scattered sound pressure are obtained, and the intensity of the scattered sound field and its spatial correlation coefficient are simulated numerically. The prediction of the scattered sound field under rough interface conditions is realized, and the variation of the spatial characteristics of the scattered sound field with the roughness of the seafloor is revealed. The results show that when Lambert’s law is used to describe the rough interface acoustic scattering and when the seafloor roughness is smaller than the wavelength, the spatial correlation coefficient of the scattered sound field at two different positions in space has a change rule of periodic oscillation attenuation with the increase of spatial distance, and in the vertical direction, the oscillation period is larger and the attenuation is slower. When the roughness increases, the oscillation amplitude of the horizontal and the vertical correlation coefficient gradually increase, the oscillation period of the horizontal correlation coefficient gradually decreases, and the vertical correlation coefficient no longer attenuates in the direction near the seafloor, which is the result of the weakening of the seafloor acoustic scattering. The model theory in this paper can also be extended to the acoustic scattering modeling of rough sea surface. For the case of non-horizontal seabed, the scattered sound field of the rough interface in the waveguide can be obtained by using coupled normal wave or adiabatic normal wave theory.
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Keywords:
- seafloor acoustic scattering /
- normal wave /
- Lambert’s law /
- spatial correlation
[1] 刘伯胜, 黄益旺, 陈文剑, 雷家煜 2019 水声学原理 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第341页
Liu B S, Huang Y W, Chen W J, Lei J Y 2019 Principles of Underwater Acoustics (3rd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p341
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Бреховских Л М (translated by Department of Oceanophysics Shandong College of Oceanology, Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Science) 1983 Fundamentals of Ocean acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) pp365–367
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Wang D Z, Shang E C 2013 Hydroacoustics (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p297
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图 1 海底界面分解示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of submarine interface decomposition.
图 2 海底散射角度关系图
Figure 2. Angle relation diagram of seafloor scattering.
图 3 海洋环境示意图
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of marine environment.
图 4 散射声场声压振幅与相位统计分布图 (a) 振幅; (b) 相位
Figure 4. Statistical distribution of the sound pressure amplitude and phase of scattered sound field: (a) Amplitude; (b) phase.
图 5 散射声场强度对比 (a) Monte Carlo方法; (b) 统计处理方法
Figure 5. Comparison of scattered sound field intensity: (a) Monte Carlo method; (b) statistical averaging methods.
图 6 不同海底粗糙度下散射声场空间相关系数 (a) 水平方向; (b) 垂直方向
Figure 6. Spatial correlation coefficient of scattered sound field under different seafloor roughness: (a) Horizontal direction; (b) vertical direction.
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[1] 刘伯胜, 黄益旺, 陈文剑, 雷家煜 2019 水声学原理 (第三版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第341页
Liu B S, Huang Y W, Chen W J, Lei J Y 2019 Principles of Underwater Acoustics (3rd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p341
[2] Urick R J 1954 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 26 231
Google Scholar
[3] Urick R J, Saling D S 1962 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34 1721
Google Scholar
[4] Barry W, Jackson D, Schultz J 1978 Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Tulsa, USA, April 10–12, 1978 p152
[5] Jackson D R, Baird A M, Crisp J J 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80 1188
Google Scholar
[6] Greaves R J, Stephen R A 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 193
Google Scholar
[7] Tang D, Jin G, Jackson D R 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 96 2930
Google Scholar
[8] Tang D, Frisk G V, Sellers C J 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 98 508
Google Scholar
[9] Thorsos E I, Williams K L 2001 IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 26 4
Google Scholar
[10] Thorsos E I, Williams K L, Tang D 2006 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120 3096
Google Scholar
[11] Williams K L, Jackson D R, Tang D 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 2511
Google Scholar
[12] Holland C W, Hollett R, Troiano L 2000 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108 997
Google Scholar
[13] Williams K L, Jackson D R, Tang D 2009 IEEE. J. Oceanic. Eng. 34 388
Google Scholar
[14] Pecknold S, Binder C M, Badiey M 2019 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 146 2796
Google Scholar
[15] Yu S, Liu B, Yu K 2021 Proceedings of IEEE/OES China Ocean Acoustics (COA) Harbin, China, July 14–17, 2021 p86
[16] Hines P C, Osler J C, MacDougald D J 2005 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117 3504
Google Scholar
[17] La H, Choi J W 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127 160
Google Scholar
[18] Hefner B T, Hodgkiss W S 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 144 1948
Google Scholar
[19] 布列霍夫斯基Л М 著 (山东省 海洋学院海洋物理系, 中国科学院声学研究所水声研究室 译) 1983 海洋声学 (北京: 科学出版社) 第365—367页
Бреховских Л М (translated by Department of Oceanophysics Shandong College of Oceanology, Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Institute of Acoustics Chinese Academy of Science) 1983 Fundamentals of Ocean acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) pp365–367
[20] Schmidt P B 1971 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 50 326
Google Scholar
[21] Ellis D D, Crowe D V 1991 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 89 2207
Google Scholar
[22] Caruthers J W, Novarini J C 1993 IEEE. J. Oceanic. Eng. 18 100
Google Scholar
[23] 侯倩男, 吴金荣 2019 68 044301
Google Scholar
Hou Q N, Wu J R 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 044301
Google Scholar
[24] Jackson D R, Winebrenner D P, Ishimaru A 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79 1410
Google Scholar
[25] Kuo E Y T 1964 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36 2135
Google Scholar
[26] Kuperman W A, Schmidt H 1986 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79 1967
Google Scholar
[27] Kuo E Y T 1992 IEEE J. Oceanic. Eng. 17 159
Google Scholar
[28] Essen H H 1994 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 95 1299
Google Scholar
[29] Broschat S L, Thorsos E I 1997 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 101 2615
Google Scholar
[30] Gragg R F, Wurmser D, Gauss R C 2001 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 2878
Google Scholar
[31] Soukup R J, Canepa G, Simpson H J 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122 2551
Google Scholar
[32] Jackson D 2013 Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics Montreal, Canada, June 2−7, 2013 p070001
[33] Jackson D, Olson D R 2020 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147 56
Google Scholar
[34] 汪德昭, 尚尔昌2013 水声学 (第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第297页
Wang D Z, Shang E C 2013 Hydroacoustics (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p297
[35] Grigor’ev V A, Kuz’kin V M, Petnikov B G 2004 Acoust. Phys. 50 37
Google Scholar
[36] Grigor’ev V A, Katsnel’son B G, Kuz’kin V M 2001 Acoust. Phys. 47 35
Google Scholar
[37] McKinney C M, Anderson C D 1964 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 36 158
Google Scholar
[38] 任超, 黄益旺, 夏峙 2022 71 024301
Google Scholar
Ren C, Huang Y W, Xia Z 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 024301
Google Scholar
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