Breathing oscillations excitation mechanism and influence factors in Hall thrusters

Yang San-Xiang; Guo Ning; Jia Yan-Hui; Geng Hai; Gao Jun; Liu Jia-Tao; Liu Shi-Yong; Yang Sheng-Lin

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20230009

Abstract

Breathing oscillations as one of the low frequency, large amplitude discharge instabilities have serious influence on the performance and lifetime of Hall thrusters. In order to acquire a better understanding of the breathing-oscillation in the Hall thrusters and provide the effective suppression methods for breathing-oscillation, the excitation mechanism and influence factors of the breathing oscillations are investigated by utilizing the two-zone predator-prey (P-P) model in this paper. The two-zone P-P model divides the discharge channel of Hall thruster into two parts according to the working principle of Hall thruster: one is the near anode zone and the other e is the ionization zone. The model includes the ion radial diffusion effect and electrons-wall interaction effect. The four-order Range-Kuttle method is utilized to solve the nonlinear two-zone P-P model equation. The research results show that the interaction of electrons with the wall has the inhibition effect on the breathing oscillations caused by the energy consumption due to the colliding with discharge channel wall. However, ion radial diffusion effect which is near anode has an excitation effect on the breathing oscillation. The ion and neutral atom dynamic behaviors obviously show the P-P feature in the phase space. In other words, there is a phase difference between the change of ion density and the change of neutral particle density. Relying on the intensity of the ions radial diffusion effect, the mode oscillation frequency and oscillation amplitude of discharge current present non monotonic change trend. More specifically, with the increase of intensity of ion radial diffusion effect, the oscillation frequency first increases and then decreases. However, the discharge peak current first decreases and then increases. Furthermore, the breathing oscillations excitation is irrelevant to the length of ionization zone, and the oscillation frequency increases (oscillation period) with length of ionization zone increasing (decreasing), provided that the length of discharge channel is constant. The research results of this paper will provide support to make clear the excitation mechanism and propose the new method of suppressing the breathing oscillations in the hall thrusters.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China

Corresponding author: Guo Ning, guoninggaa@163.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D program of China (Grant No. 2021YFC2202704), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 62201238), and the Outstanding Youth Fund of Gansu Province, China (Grant No. 21JR7RA744)

FullText HTML

References

[1]	Cusson S E, Dale E T, Jorns B A, Gallimore A D 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 023506 Google Scholar
[2]	Brown N P, Walker M L R 2020 Appl. Sci. 10 3775 Google Scholar
[3]	Choueiri E Y 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 1411 Google Scholar
[4]	Kawashima R, Hara K, Komurasaki K 2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27 035010 Google Scholar
[5]	Chaplin V H, Jorns B A, Ortega A L, Mikellides I G, Conversano R W, Lobbia R B, Hofer R R 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 183302 Google Scholar
[6]	Choueiri E Y, 2004 J. Propul. Power 20 193 Google Scholar
[7]	Lopez O A, Mikellides I G, Sekerak M J, Jorns B A 2019 J. Appl. Phys. 125 033302 Google Scholar
[8]	Wei L Q, Han K Wang C S, Li H, Zhang C H, Yu D R 2012 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30 061304 Google Scholar
[9]	Romadanov I, Raitses Y, Smolyakov A 2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27 094006 Google Scholar
[10]	Tilinin G N 1977 Soviet Tech. Phys. 206 2900
[11]	Fife J M, Martinez-Sanchez M, Szabo J 1997 33rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Seattle, WA, July 6–9, 1997 p12
[12]	Boeuf J P, Garrigues L 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 84 3541 Google Scholar
[13]	Darnon F, Lyszyk M, Bouchoule A 1997 33rd AIAA/ASME/ SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Seattle, WA, July 6–9, 1997 p6–9 AIAA–1997–3051
[14]	Barral S, Makowski M, Peradzyński Z, Dudeck M 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 073504 Google Scholar
[15]	Chable S, Rogier F 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 033504 Google Scholar
[16]	Huang W S, Kamhawi H, Lobbia R B, Brown D 2014 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Cleveland OH, July 28–30, 2014, AIAA–2014–3708
[17]	Linnell J A, Gallimore A D 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 093502 Google Scholar
[18]	Xia G J, Ning Z X, Zhu X M, Wei L Q, Chen S W, Yu D R 2020 J. Propul. Power 36 1 Google Scholar
[19]	Gascon N, Perot C, Bonhomme G, Caron X, Bechu S, Lasgorceix P, Izrar B, Dudeck M 1999 35th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Los Angeles, CA, June 20–24, 1999, pAIAA–1999–2427
[20]	Gascon N, Barral S, Dudeck M 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 4123 Google Scholar
[21]	Yamamoto N, Komurasaki K, Arakawa Y 2005 J. Propul. Power 21 870 Google Scholar
[22]	Lobbia R B, Gallimore A D 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073503 Google Scholar
[23]	Tahara H, Imanaka K, Yuge S 2006 Vacuum 80 1216 Google Scholar
[24]	Raitses Y, Smirnov A, Fisch N J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 221502 Google Scholar
[25]	Granstedt E M, Raitses Y, Fisch N J 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 103302 Google Scholar
[26]	Smirnov A, Raitses Y, Fisch N J 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 1998 Google Scholar
[27]	Tamida T, Nakagawa T, Suga I, Osuga H, Ozaki T, Matsui K 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 043304 Google Scholar
[28]	Barral S, Miedzik, Ahedo E 2008 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Hartford CT, July 21–23, 2008, pAIAA–2008–4632
[29]	Raitses Y, Romadanov I, Simmonds Jacob, Smolyakov A, Kaganovich I 2019 AIAA Propulsion and energy Forum Indianapolis, IN, August 19–22, 2019, AIAA–2019–4078
[30]	Yu D R, Wang C S, Wei L Q, Gao C, Yu G 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 113503 Google Scholar
[31]	Wei L Q, Ning Z X, Peng E, Yu D R 2010 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15 28
[32]	Barral S, Miedzik J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 013302 Google Scholar
[33]	Wei L Q, Li W B, Ding Y J, Yu D R 2018 Plasma Sci. Technol. 20 075502 Google Scholar
[34]	Yu D R, Wei L Q, Zhao Z Y, Han K, Yan G J 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 043502 Google Scholar
[35]	Dale E T, Jorns B A 2019 36th International Electric Propulsion Conference University of Vienna, Austria, September 15–20, 2019 pIEPC–2019–354
[36]	Barral S, Ahedo E 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 046401 Google Scholar
[37]	Amici R 2019 Ph. D. Dissertation (Pisa: Università di Pisa)
[38]	Hara K, Sekerak M J, Boyd I D, Gallimore A D 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 122103 Google Scholar
[39]	Fabris A L, Young C V, Cappelli M A 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 233301 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 无电子与壁面相互作用时离子径向扩散效应的影响　(a)—(c)近阳极区的中性原子密度、离子密度、电子温度; (d)—(f)电离区的中性原子密度、离子密度、电子温度

Figure 1. Effect of radial diffusion of ions without electron wall interaction: (a)–(c) Neutral atoms density, ion density, and electron temperature in the near anode zone; (d)–(f) neutral atom density, ion density, and electron temperature in the ionization zone.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 无电子与壁面相互作用时放电电流(a)和电离区长度(b)

Figure 2. Discharge current (a) and length of ionization zone (b) without electron-wall interaction.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 电离率与中性原子密度(a)和离子密度(b)之间的关系

Figure 3. Relationship of ionization rate with neutral atom density (a) and ion density (b).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 振荡频率(a)和电流峰值(b)随离子径向扩散强度的变化

Figure 4. The oscillation frequency (a) and peak current (b) varying with ion radial diffusion strength.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 中性原子密度(a)和离子密度(b)在相空间中的动力学行为

Figure 5. Phase space dynamics for neutral atom density (a) and ion density (b).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 同一区域中性原子密度(a)和离子密度(b)在相空间中的动力学行为

Figure 6. Phase space dynamics for neutral atom density (a) and ion density (b) at the same zone.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 有电子与壁面相互作用时近阳极区(实线)和电离区(虚线)的中性原子密度、离子密度、以及电子温度

Figure 7. Neutral atom density, ion density, and electron temperature in the near anode zone (solid line) and ionization zone (dashed line) with electron-wall interaction effect.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 有电子与壁面相互作用时放电电流(a)和电离区长度(b)

Figure 8. Discharge current (a) and length of ionization zone (b) with electron-wall interaction effect.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 离子径向扩散对中性原子密度(a)和离子密度(b)在相空间中的动力学行为的影响

Figure 9. Ions radial diffusion effect on phase space dynamics of neutral atom density (a) and ion density (b).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 离子径向扩散对放电电流的影响

Figure 10. Influence of radial diffusion of ions on the discharge current.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 电离区长度对振荡频率的影响

Figure 11. Influence of length of ionization zone on the oscillation frequency.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	Cusson S E, Dale E T, Jorns B A, Gallimore A D 2019 Phys. Plasmas 26 023506 Google Scholar
[2]	Brown N P, Walker M L R 2020 Appl. Sci. 10 3775 Google Scholar
[3]	Choueiri E Y 2001 Phys. Plasmas 8 1411 Google Scholar
[4]	Kawashima R, Hara K, Komurasaki K 2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27 035010 Google Scholar
[5]	Chaplin V H, Jorns B A, Ortega A L, Mikellides I G, Conversano R W, Lobbia R B, Hofer R R 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 183302 Google Scholar
[6]	Choueiri E Y, 2004 J. Propul. Power 20 193 Google Scholar
[7]	Lopez O A, Mikellides I G, Sekerak M J, Jorns B A 2019 J. Appl. Phys. 125 033302 Google Scholar
[8]	Wei L Q, Han K Wang C S, Li H, Zhang C H, Yu D R 2012 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 30 061304 Google Scholar
[9]	Romadanov I, Raitses Y, Smolyakov A 2018 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 27 094006 Google Scholar
[10]	Tilinin G N 1977 Soviet Tech. Phys. 206 2900
[11]	Fife J M, Martinez-Sanchez M, Szabo J 1997 33rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Seattle, WA, July 6–9, 1997 p12
[12]	Boeuf J P, Garrigues L 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 84 3541 Google Scholar
[13]	Darnon F, Lyszyk M, Bouchoule A 1997 33rd AIAA/ASME/ SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Seattle, WA, July 6–9, 1997 p6–9 AIAA–1997–3051
[14]	Barral S, Makowski M, Peradzyński Z, Dudeck M 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 073504 Google Scholar
[15]	Chable S, Rogier F 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 033504 Google Scholar
[16]	Huang W S, Kamhawi H, Lobbia R B, Brown D 2014 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Cleveland OH, July 28–30, 2014, AIAA–2014–3708
[17]	Linnell J A, Gallimore A D 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 093502 Google Scholar
[18]	Xia G J, Ning Z X, Zhu X M, Wei L Q, Chen S W, Yu D R 2020 J. Propul. Power 36 1 Google Scholar
[19]	Gascon N, Perot C, Bonhomme G, Caron X, Bechu S, Lasgorceix P, Izrar B, Dudeck M 1999 35th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference Los Angeles, CA, June 20–24, 1999, pAIAA–1999–2427
[20]	Gascon N, Barral S, Dudeck M 2003 Phys. Plasmas 10 4123 Google Scholar
[21]	Yamamoto N, Komurasaki K, Arakawa Y 2005 J. Propul. Power 21 870 Google Scholar
[22]	Lobbia R B, Gallimore A D 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073503 Google Scholar
[23]	Tahara H, Imanaka K, Yuge S 2006 Vacuum 80 1216 Google Scholar
[24]	Raitses Y, Smirnov A, Fisch N J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 221502 Google Scholar
[25]	Granstedt E M, Raitses Y, Fisch N J 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 103302 Google Scholar
[26]	Smirnov A, Raitses Y, Fisch N J 2008 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 36 1998 Google Scholar
[27]	Tamida T, Nakagawa T, Suga I, Osuga H, Ozaki T, Matsui K 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 043304 Google Scholar
[28]	Barral S, Miedzik, Ahedo E 2008 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit Hartford CT, July 21–23, 2008, pAIAA–2008–4632
[29]	Raitses Y, Romadanov I, Simmonds Jacob, Smolyakov A, Kaganovich I 2019 AIAA Propulsion and energy Forum Indianapolis, IN, August 19–22, 2019, AIAA–2019–4078
[30]	Yu D R, Wang C S, Wei L Q, Gao C, Yu G 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 113503 Google Scholar
[31]	Wei L Q, Ning Z X, Peng E, Yu D R 2010 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15 28
[32]	Barral S, Miedzik J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 013302 Google Scholar
[33]	Wei L Q, Li W B, Ding Y J, Yu D R 2018 Plasma Sci. Technol. 20 075502 Google Scholar
[34]	Yu D R, Wei L Q, Zhao Z Y, Han K, Yan G J 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 043502 Google Scholar
[35]	Dale E T, Jorns B A 2019 36th International Electric Propulsion Conference University of Vienna, Austria, September 15–20, 2019 pIEPC–2019–354
[36]	Barral S, Ahedo E 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 046401 Google Scholar
[37]	Amici R 2019 Ph. D. Dissertation (Pisa: Università di Pisa)
[38]	Hara K, Sekerak M J, Boyd I D, Gallimore A D 2014 Phys. Plasmas 21 122103 Google Scholar
[39]	Fabris A L, Young C V, Cappelli M A 2015 J. Appl. Phys. 118 233301 Google Scholar

[1]	YANG Sanxiang, ZHAO Yide, DAI Peng, LI Jianpeng, GU Zengjie, MENG Wei, GENG Hai, GUO Ning, JIA Yanhui, YANG Juntai. Instabilities triggered off by electron collision, plasma density gradient, and magnetic field gradient in Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(2): 025201. doi: 10.7498/aps.74.20241330
[2]	Fu Yu-Liang, Zhang Si-Yuan, Yang Jin-Yuan, Sun An-Bang, Wang Ya-Nan. Electron heating mode in magnetic field diffusion region of microwave discharge ion thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(9): 095203. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20240017
[3]	Yang San-Xiang, Zhao Yi-De, Dai Peng, Li Jian-Peng, Geng Hai, Yang Jun-Tai, Jia Yan-Hui, Guo Ning. Two-dimensional simulation of influence of plume magnetic field on performance of Hall thrusters. Acta Physica Sinica, 2024, 73(24): 245202. doi: 10.7498/aps.73.20241331
[4]	Chen Long, Wang Di-Ya, Chen Jun-Yu, Duan Ping, Yang Ye-Hui, Tan Cong-Qi. Characteristics and suppression methods of low-frequency oscillation in Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(17): 175201. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20230680
[5]	Yang San-Xiang, Wang Qian-Nan, Gao Jun, Jia Yan-Hui, Geng Hai, Guo Ning, Chen Xin-Wei, Yuan Xing-Long, Zhang Peng. Numerical study of the effect of radial magnetic field on performance of Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 105201. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212386
[6]	Long Jian-Fei, Zhang Tian-Ping, Yang Wei, Sun Ming-Ming, Jia Yan-Hui, Liu Ming-Zheng. Thrust density characteristics of ion thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(2): 022901. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20171507
[7]	Long Jian-Fei, Zhang Tian-Ping, Li Juan, Jia Yan-Hui. Optical transparency radial distribution of ion thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(16): 162901. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.162901
[8]	Chen Li-Juan, Chen Xiao-Huai, Liu Fang-Fang, Wang Jing-Fan. Nano surface interaction and model of vibrating probe. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(8): 080603. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.080603
[9]	Tang Ming-Jie, Yang Juan, Jin Yi-Zhou, Luo Li-Tao, Feng Bing-Bing. Experimental optimization in ion source configuration of a miniature electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(21): 215202. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.215202
[10]	Qing Shao-Wei, E Peng, Duan Ping. Effect of wall secondary electron emission on the characteristics of double sheath near the dielectric wall in Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(5): 055202. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.055202
[11]	Qing Shao-Wei, E Peng, Duan Ping. Effect of electron temperature anisotropy on plasma-wall interaction in Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(20): 205202. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.205202
[12]	Deng Li-Yun, Lan Hong-Mei, Liu Yue. Numerical study on Hall thruster magnetic configuration and its optimization. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(2): 025213. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.025213
[13]	Qing Shao-Wei, Ding Yong-Jie, Duan Ping, Wang Xiao-Gang, Yu Da-Ren. Effect of electron temperature anisotropy on BN dielectric wall sheath characteristics in Hall thrusters. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(2): 025204. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.025204
[14]	Yang Juan, Shi Feng, Yang Tie-Lian, Meng Zhi-Qiang. Numerical simulation on the plasma field within discharge chamber of electron cyclotron resonance ion thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(12): 8701-8706. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.8701
[15]	Zhang Jun, Tan Ping-Heng, Zhao Wei-Jie. Accurate determination of electronic transition energy of carbon nanotubes from the resonant behavior of radial breathing modes and their overtones. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(11): 7966-7973. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.7966
[16]	E Peng, Duan Ping, Wei Li-Qiu, Bai De-Yu, Jiang Bin-Hao, Xu Dian-Guo. Experimental study of vacuum backpressure on the discharge characteristics of a Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(12): 8676-8684. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.8676
[17]	Yu Da-Ren, Zhang Feng-Kui, Li Hong, Liu Hui. The effect of the oscillating sheath on the electron-wall collision frequency in Hall thruster. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(3): 1844-1848. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.1844
[18]	E Peng, Han Ke, Wu Zhi-Wen, Yu Da-Ren. On the role of magnetic field intensity effects on the discharge characteristics of Hall thrusters. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(4): 2535-2542. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.2535
[19]	QU WEI-XING, YU WEI, ZHANG WEN-QI, XU ZHI-ZHAN. THE STATIC MAGNETIC MODE AND THE OSCILLATING ELECTRIC FIELD IN THE INTERACTION OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC FIELD WITH IONIZATION FRONT. Acta Physica Sinica, 1997, 46(4): 661-665. doi: 10.7498/aps.46.661
[20]	LU XUE-KUN, HAO PING-HAI, HE ZHONG-QING, HOU XIAO-YUAN, DING XUN-MIN. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN P AND GaAs(lOO) SURFACE. Acta Physica Sinica, 1992, 41(10): 1728-1736. doi: 10.7498/aps.41.1728

Catalog

Vol. 72, Issue 8 - 2023-04-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 3755
PDF Downloads: 88
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板