The direct flow of charged particles and the global polarization of hyperons in 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC

Jiang Ze-Fang; Wu Xiang-Yu; Yu Hua-Qing; Cao Shan-Shan; Zhang Ben-Wei

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222391

Abstract

In non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the non-colliding nucleons drag the colliding nucleons along the longitudinal direction asymmetrically, producing a longitudinally tilted quark-gluon plasma (QGP) fireball. Meanwhile, these colliding nuclei deposit a huge initial orbital angular momentum into the system, leading to the polarization of partons inside the QGP along the direction of the total angular momentum. Based on the optical Glauber model, we develop a 3-dimensional initial condition of the tilted QGP. By combining it with the (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model CLVisc, we investigate the directed flow of charged hadrons and the global polarization of $ \Lambda/\bar{\Lambda} $ hyperons in heavy-ion collisions. Our calculation indicates that the combination of a tilted initial condition of the QGP and the hydrodynamic model can provide a satisfactory description of the directed flow and global polarization observed at RHIC-STAR. This offers a theoretical baseline for using these observables to further constrain the initial geometry and kinematic properties of the nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions.

Keywords:

relativistic heavy ion collision /
quark-gluon plasma /
directed flow /
$ \Lambda/\bar{\Lambda} $ global polarization

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
2.
Institute of Particle Physics and Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE), Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
3.
Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China

Corresponding author: Cao Shan-Shan, shanshan.cao@sdu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11935007, 12175122, 2021-867), the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2020B0301030008), the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. 2021CFB272), the Young Talents Project of the Education Department of Hubei Province, China (Grant No. Q20212703), and the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics of the Education Ministry of China (Grant No. QLPL202104)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 相对论重离子碰撞中核-核非对心对撞示意图, 碰撞后介质沿纵向($ \pm\hat{{\boldsymbol{z}}} $)方向不对称. QGP火球在碰撞平面(xz平面)上存在逆时针旋转的纵向倾斜

Figure 1. Schematic figure for non-central heavy-ion collisions. Counter-clockwise tilt of the QGP fireball is created in the reaction (xz) plane

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 非对心Au+Au碰撞产生的QGP的初始能量密度(上)与重子数密度(下)在反应平面内的分布. 此处展现了中心度为 20%—60% (b = 9.0 fm)下200 AGeV Au+Au 碰撞的情形. 箭头表示QGP 火球相对于纵方向的逆时针倾斜

Figure 2. The initial energy density (up) and baryon density (down) on the $ \eta_{{\rm{s}}} $-$ x $ plane in 20%–60% (b = 9.0 fm) 200 AGeV Au+Au collisions

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 末态带电强子在200 AGeV Au+Au碰撞不同中心度的赝快度分布$ {\rm{d}}N_{{\rm{ch}}}/{\rm{d}}\eta $. 实线为理论计算结果, 实心圆点为 RHIC-PHOBOS 的测量结果^[40]

Figure 3. Pseudorapidity distribution $ {\rm{d}}N_{{\rm{ch}}}/{\rm{d}}\eta $ of charged light hadrons in Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 200 $ GeV, compared between the CLVisc hydrodynamic calculation and the PHOBOS data^[40]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 200 AGeV Au+Au 碰撞不同中心度的直接流$ v_{1} $. 左图为带电粒子直接流对赝快度的依赖, 右图为质子及反质子直接流对快度的依赖. 实验结果取自STAR实验组^[43,44]

Figure 4. Directed flow $ v_{1} $ of charged hadrons (left) and protons and anti-protons (right) in Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 200 $ GeV, compared between the CLVisc hydrodynamic calculation and the STAR data^[43,44]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 200 AGeV Au+Au碰撞在不同中心度的超子整体自旋极化$ P^y $. 左图为Λ超子的四种自旋极化(thermal, shear, accT, chemical)随碰撞中心度的依赖. 右图为Λ和$ \overline{\Lambda} $超子的四种自旋极化之和(total = thermal + shear + accT + chemical)随中心度的依赖. 实验数取自RHIC-STAR^[25]. 需要注意的是, 根据最新的超子衰变参数$ \alpha_{\Lambda} $, STAR合作组采集到的数据点被缩放了 0.877倍

Figure 5. Global polarization $ P^y $ of Λ and $ \bar{\Lambda} $ as a function of centrality in Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=200 $ GeV, compared between the CLVisc hydrodynamic calculation and the STAR data ^[25]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 在200 AGe Au+Au碰撞中心度20%—60% 超子整体自旋极化$ P^y $对横动量$ p_{\rm{T}} $的依赖关系. 左图为 Λ超子的四种自旋极化随横动量$ p_{\rm{T}} $的依赖. 右图为Λ和$ \overline{\Lambda} $超子四种贡献之和的整体自旋极化随横动量$ p_T $的依赖. 实验数据取自RHIC-STAR^[25]

Figure 6. Global polarization $ P^y $ of Λ and $ \bar{\Lambda} $ as a function of transverse momentum $ p_{\rm{T}} $ in 20%–60% Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=200 $ GeV, compared between the CLVisc hydrodynamic calculation and the STAR data^[25]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 200 AGeV Au+Au碰撞在中心度为20%–60%的超子整体自旋极化率$ P^y $随赝快度$ \eta $的分布. 左图为Λ超子的四种自旋极化随赝快度$ \eta $ 的分布. 右图为Λ超子和$ \overline{\Lambda} $超子四种贡献之和的整体自旋极化率随赝快度的分布. 实验数据来自RHIC-STAR^[25]

Figure 7. Global polarization $ P^y $ of Λ and $ \bar{\Lambda} $ as a function of pseudo-rapidity in Au+Au collisions at $ \sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=200 $ GeV, compared between the CLVisc hydrodynamic calculation and the STAR data^[25]

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

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[2]	Rischke D H, Pürsün Y, Maruhn J A, Stoecker H, Greiner W 1995 Acta Phys. Hung. A 1 309 Google Scholar
[3]	Bozek P 2022 Phys. Rev. C 106 L061901 Google Scholar
[4]	Bozek P 2012 Phys. Rev. C 85 034901 Google Scholar
[5]	Jiang Z F, Cao S S, Wu X Y, Yang C B, Zhang B W 2022 Phys. Rev. C 105 034901 Google Scholar
[6]	Jiang Z F, Yang C B, Peng Q 2021 Phys. Rev. C 104 064903 Google Scholar
[7]	Shen C, Alzhrani S 2020 Phys. Rev. C 102 014909 Google Scholar
[8]	Ryu S, Jupic V, Shen C 2021 Phys. Rev. C 104 054908 Google Scholar
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[10]	高建华, 黄旭光, 梁作堂, 王群, 王新年 2023 72 072501 Gao J H, Huang X G, Liang Z T, Wang Q, Wang X N 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 072501 (in Chinese)
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[53]	Fu B C, Pang L G, Song H C, Yin Y 2022 arXiv: 2201.12970.

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