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The acquisition of geoacoustic parameters is of great significance in studying ocean acoustics. On the basis of deducing the seabed reflection coefficient under the layered absorbing medium, the influence of the absorption coefficient on the seabed reflection coefficient under the condition of large grazing angles is analyzed. The seabed reflection coefficient oscillates at a frequency. When it is equal to the reflection coefficient of the contact interface between seawater and sediment, the corresponding frequency point is defined as the 1/4 oscillation period frequency. At this frequency, the coupling degree between absorption coefficient of sedimentary layer and substrate geoacoustic parameters is less than those at other frequencies. In this paper, a stepwise optimization inversion method for deep water geoacoustic parameters is proposed based on the seabed reflection characteristics of large grazing angles. Firstly, the interference period of the seabed reflection coefficient is extracted by the correlation method, and the sound speed and thickness of the deposited layer are inverted by the interference period. The density is obtained from the inversion result of sound speed combined with Hamilton empirical formula. Secondly, the value of the absorption coefficient of the sedimentary layer is calculated by combining the search boundary of the substrate sound speed. The one-dimensional inversion of the substrate sound speed is realized by using the substrate reflection coefficient at 1/4 oscillation period frequency. Finally, the one-dimensional inversion of the absorption coefficient of the sedimentary layer is realized by using the seabed reflection coefficient at a half-wave layer frequency. The seabed reflection characteristics of large glancing angles are combined with stepwise inversion to reduce the coupling degree of the substrate sound speed and the absorption coefficient of the sedimentary layer. Experimental results show that the geoacoustic parameters retrieved by this method can be effectively applied to the prediction of propagation loss in a certain range under the condition of large grazing angle measurement.
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Keywords:
- geoacoustic inversion in the deep water /
- seabed reflection coefficient /
- stepwise inversion
[1] 杨坤德, 马远良 2009 58 1798
Google Scholar
Yang K, Ma Y L 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1798
Google Scholar
[2] 黎雪刚, 杨坤德, 张同伟, 等 2009 58 7741
Google Scholar
Li X G, Yang K D, Zhang T W, et al. 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7741
Google Scholar
[3] 周天, 李海森, 朱建军, 等 2014 63 084302
Google Scholar
Zhou T, Li H S, Zhu J J, et al. 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 084302
Google Scholar
[4] 李赫, 郭新毅, 马力 2019 63 214303
Google Scholar
Li H, Guo X Y, Ma L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 214303
Google Scholar
[5] Belcourt J, Holland C W, Dosso S E, et al. 2020 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 45 69
Google Scholar
[6] 陈勃, 赵梅, 胡长青, Zygmunt Klusek 2018 声学学报 43 298
Google Scholar
Chen B, Zhao M, Hu C Q, Zygmunt K 2018 Acta Acoustica 43 298
Google Scholar
[7] Chiu L, Chang A, Chen H H, et al. 2020 Cont. Shelf Res. 201 104
Google Scholar
[8] 徐丽亚, 杨坤德 2020 声学技术 39 1
Google Scholar
Xu L Y, Yang K D 2020 Technical Acoustics 39 1
Google Scholar
[9] Quijano J E, Dosso S E, Dettmer J, et al. 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 EL47
Google Scholar
[10] Qin J X, Katsnelson B, Godin O, Li Z L 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 094301
Google Scholar
[11] 江鹏飞, 林建恒, 孙军平, 等 2019 66 014306
Google Scholar
Jiang P G, Lin J H, Sun J P, et al. 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 014306
Google Scholar
[12] 薄连坤, 罗来源, 熊瑾煜 2018 声学学报 43 6
Google Scholar
Bao L K, Luo L Y, Xiong J Y 2018 Acta Acoustica 43 6
Google Scholar
[13] Barclay D R, Bevans D A, Buckingham M J 2019 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 99 1
Google Scholar
[14] 李风华, 张仁和 2000 声学学报 4 297
Google Scholar
Li F H, Zhang R H 2000 Acta Acoustica 4 297
Google Scholar
[15] 张学磊, 李整林, 黄晓砥 2009 声学学报 1 54
Google Scholar
Zhang X L, Li Z L, Huang X D 2009 Acta Acoustica 1 54
Google Scholar
[16] Wu S L, Li Z L, Qin J X 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 70
Google Scholar
[17] 李梦竹, 李整林, 周纪浔 2019 68 094301
Google Scholar
Li M Z, Li Z L, Zhou J X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 094301
Google Scholar
[18] 李梦竹, 李整林, 李倩倩 2019 声学学报 44 321
Google Scholar
Li M Z, Li Z L, Li Q Q 2019 Acta Acoustica 44 321
Google Scholar
[19] Fialkowski L T, Lingevitch J F, Perkins J S, et al. 2003 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 28 370
Google Scholar
[20] Jiang Y M, Chapman N R, Badiey M 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 1879
Google Scholar
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Л. М. Бреховских L (translated by Yang X R) 1985 Waves In Layered Medium (Beijing: Science Press) pp10–16 (in Chinese)
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Google Scholar
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Л. М. Бреховских L (translated by OUC & IACAS) 1983 Ocean Acoustic (Beijing: Science Press) pp309–314 (in Chinese)
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图 1 两层海底模型的反射
Figure 1. Reflection of the two-layer seabed model.
图 2 各项参数随频率和沉积层吸收系数的变化 (a) 海水-沉积层界面反射系数相位; (b) 沉积层-基底界面反射系数相位; (c) 垂直相移实部
Figure 2. Various parameters vary with frequency and the absorption coefficient of the sedimentary layer: (a) Phase of the reflection coefficient of the seawater-sedimentary layer interface; (b) phase of the reflection coefficient of the sedimentary layer-substrate interface; (c) real part of the vertical phase shift.
图 3 各项参数随频率和沉积层吸收系数的变化 (a) 海水-沉积层界面反射系数模; (b)沉积层-基底界面反射系数模; (c) 衰减项
Figure 3. Various parameters vary with frequency and the absorption coefficient of the sediment layer: (a) Reflection coefficient of the seawater-sedimentary layer interface; (b) reflection coefficient of the sedimentary layer- substrate interface; (c) attenuation term.
图 4 海底反射系数模随频率和沉积层吸收系数的变化
Figure 4. Seabed reflectance varies with frequency and absorption coefficient of sedimentary layer.
图 5 不同频点下海底反射系数随各地声参数的变化 (a) 沉积层吸收系数; (b) 基底声速; (c) 基底密度; (d) 基底吸收系数
Figure 5. Seabed reflectance coefficient varies with the various GA parameters at different frequency points: (a) Absorption coefficient of sedimentary layer; (b) sound speed of substrate; (c) density of substrate; (d) absorption coefficient of substrate.
图 6 反演流程图
Figure 6. Flow chart of inversion.
图 7 实验作业方式示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of experimental work.
图 8 实验海区声速剖面
Figure 8. Sound speed profile of the experimental sea area.
图 9 声源深度200 m, 接收距离1.7 km的多途到达时延
Figure 9. Multi-path arrival delay at source depth of 200 m and receiving distance of 1.7 km.
图 10 声源深度200 m, 接收距离1.7 km, 接收深度800 m的多途信号
Figure 10. Multi-path signal under sound source depth of 200 m, receiving distance of 1.7 km and receiving depth of 800 m.
图 12 沉积层声速和厚度反演结果
Figure 12. Inversion results of sound speed and thickness of sedimentary layer.
图 13 提取海底反射系数的1/4振荡周期频率和半波层频率
Figure 13. 1/4 oscillation period frequency and the half-wave layer frequency of seabed reflection coefficient.
图 14 不同接收掠射角下对应的沉积层吸收系数平均值
Figure 14. Average value of the absorption coefficient of the sedimentary layer under different receiving grazing angle.
图 15 基底声速反演结果
Figure 15. Inversion result of the substrate sound speed.
图 16 沉积层吸收系数反演结果
Figure 16. Inversion result of the sedimentary layer absorption coefficient.
图 17 单频沉积层吸收系数反演结果
Figure 17. Inversion results of sedimentary layer absorption coefficient under single frequency.
图 18 1/4振荡周期频率下沉积层吸收系数和基底声速的二维反演结果
Figure 18. Two-dimensional inversion results of absorption coefficient of sedimentary layer and sound speed of substrate at 1/4 oscillation period frequency.
图 19 半波层频率下沉积层吸收系数和基底声速的二维反演结果
Figure 19. Two-dimensional inversion results of absorption coefficient of sedimentary layer and sound speed of substrate at half-wave layer frequency.
图 20 声源深度200 m, 接收深度97 m, 中心频率1 kHz时的传播损失
Figure 20. Transmission loss at source depth of 200 m, receiving depth of 97 m and center frequency of 1 kHz.
图 21 声源深度200 m, 接收深度97 m, 中心频率800 Hz时的传播损失
Figure 21. Transmission loss at source depth of 200 m, receiving depth of 97 m and center frequency of 800 Hz.
图 22 声源深度200 m, 接收深度598 m, 中心频率1.2 kHz时的传播损失
Figure 22. Transmission loss at source depth of 200 m, receiving depth of 598 m and center frequency of 1.2 kHz.
图 23 不同接收深度下前180 km传播损失均方根误差
Figure 23. RMSE of transmission loss of 180 km at different reception depths.
图 24 不同接收深度下前100 km传播损失均方根误差
Figure 24. RMSE of transmission loss of 100 km at different reception depths.
表 1 海底反射系数仿真参数
Table 1. Simulation parameters of seabed reflection coefficient.
参数 $ {c_{\text{s}}} $/(m·s–1) $ {\rho _{\text{s}}} $/(g·cm–3) $ {d_{}} $/m $ {\alpha _{\text{s}}} $/(dB·λ–1) $ {c_{\text{b}}} $/(m·s–1) $ {\rho _{\text{b}}} $/(g·cm–3) $ {\alpha _{\text{b}}} $/(dB·λ–1) 数值 1600 1.5 20 0—1.0 1800 2.0 1.0 
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表 2 本文方法反演结果
Table 2. Inversion results obtained by using the method in this paper.
反演参数 参数穷举空间 反演结果 沉积层声速/(m·s–1) 1450 —1800 1570.6 沉积层密度/(g·cm–3) — 1.61 沉积层厚度/m 0—50 2.40 沉积层吸收系数/(dB·λ–1) 0—1.0 0.18 基底声速/(m·s–1) 1700 —2200 1809.5 基底密度/(g·cm–3) — 2.06 基底吸收系数/(dB·λ–1) — 1.0
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表 3 Hamilton沉积分类参数
Table 3. Hamilton sedimentary classification parameters.
沉积物类型 声速
/(m·s–1)密度
/(g·cm–3)衰减系数
/(dB·m–1·kHz–1)粗砂 1836 2.034 0.479 细砂 1753 1.957 0.510 极细砂 1697 1.866 0.673 粉砂质砂 1668 1.806 0.692 砂质粉砂 1664 1.787 0.756 粉砂 1623 1.767 0.673 砂-粉砂-粘土 1579 1.590 0.113 粘土质粉砂 1549 1.488 0.095 粉砂质粘土 1520 1.421 0.078
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[1] 杨坤德, 马远良 2009 58 1798
Google Scholar
Yang K, Ma Y L 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 1798
Google Scholar
[2] 黎雪刚, 杨坤德, 张同伟, 等 2009 58 7741
Google Scholar
Li X G, Yang K D, Zhang T W, et al. 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7741
Google Scholar
[3] 周天, 李海森, 朱建军, 等 2014 63 084302
Google Scholar
Zhou T, Li H S, Zhu J J, et al. 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 084302
Google Scholar
[4] 李赫, 郭新毅, 马力 2019 63 214303
Google Scholar
Li H, Guo X Y, Ma L 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 214303
Google Scholar
[5] Belcourt J, Holland C W, Dosso S E, et al. 2020 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 45 69
Google Scholar
[6] 陈勃, 赵梅, 胡长青, Zygmunt Klusek 2018 声学学报 43 298
Google Scholar
Chen B, Zhao M, Hu C Q, Zygmunt K 2018 Acta Acoustica 43 298
Google Scholar
[7] Chiu L, Chang A, Chen H H, et al. 2020 Cont. Shelf Res. 201 104
Google Scholar
[8] 徐丽亚, 杨坤德 2020 声学技术 39 1
Google Scholar
Xu L Y, Yang K D 2020 Technical Acoustics 39 1
Google Scholar
[9] Quijano J E, Dosso S E, Dettmer J, et al. 2013 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 133 EL47
Google Scholar
[10] Qin J X, Katsnelson B, Godin O, Li Z L 2017 Chin. Phys. Lett. 34 094301
Google Scholar
[11] 江鹏飞, 林建恒, 孙军平, 等 2019 66 014306
Google Scholar
Jiang P G, Lin J H, Sun J P, et al. 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 014306
Google Scholar
[12] 薄连坤, 罗来源, 熊瑾煜 2018 声学学报 43 6
Google Scholar
Bao L K, Luo L Y, Xiong J Y 2018 Acta Acoustica 43 6
Google Scholar
[13] Barclay D R, Bevans D A, Buckingham M J 2019 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 99 1
Google Scholar
[14] 李风华, 张仁和 2000 声学学报 4 297
Google Scholar
Li F H, Zhang R H 2000 Acta Acoustica 4 297
Google Scholar
[15] 张学磊, 李整林, 黄晓砥 2009 声学学报 1 54
Google Scholar
Zhang X L, Li Z L, Huang X D 2009 Acta Acoustica 1 54
Google Scholar
[16] Wu S L, Li Z L, Qin J X 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 70
Google Scholar
[17] 李梦竹, 李整林, 周纪浔 2019 68 094301
Google Scholar
Li M Z, Li Z L, Zhou J X 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 094301
Google Scholar
[18] 李梦竹, 李整林, 李倩倩 2019 声学学报 44 321
Google Scholar
Li M Z, Li Z L, Li Q Q 2019 Acta Acoustica 44 321
Google Scholar
[19] Fialkowski L T, Lingevitch J F, Perkins J S, et al. 2003 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 28 370
Google Scholar
[20] Jiang Y M, Chapman N R, Badiey M 2007 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121 1879
Google Scholar
[21] 布列霍夫斯基赫 L 著 (杨训仁 译) 1985 分层介质中的波 (北京: 科学出版社) 第10—16页
Л. М. Бреховских L (translated by Yang X R) 1985 Waves In Layered Medium (Beijing: Science Press) pp10–16 (in Chinese)
[22] Hamilton E L, Bachman R T 1982 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72 1891
Google Scholar
[23] 布列霍夫斯基赫 L著 (中国海洋大学, 中国科学院声学研究所 译) 1983 海洋声学 (北京: 科学出版社) 第309—314页
Л. М. Бреховских L (translated by OUC & IACAS) 1983 Ocean Acoustic (Beijing: Science Press) pp309–314 (in Chinese)
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