一种低声速沉积层海底参数声学反演方法

李梦竹; 李整林; 周纪浔; 张仁和

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20190183

摘要

软泥底环境下沉积层参数的声学反演是国际水声领域的一个研究热点. 浅海中, 当高声速基底和海水之间存在一层低声速(小于海水声速)的沉积层时, 小掠射角情况下不同频率声传播损失会出现周期性增大现象. 基于此现象, 提出一种适用于低声速沉积层的海底参数声学反演方法. 首先, 推导给出小掠射角情况下传播损失周期增大的频率间隔与沉积层声速、厚度及近海底海水声速之间的解析表达式; 其次, 利用一次黄海实验中软泥底环境下的宽带声传播信号, 提取了小掠射角下传播损失增大的频率周期; 再次, 把该解析表达式作为约束条件, 结合Hamilton密度与声速的经验公式, 采用匹配场处理反演给出沉积层的声速、密度、厚度及基底的声速、密度; 然后, 利用声传播损失数据反演得到泥底环境下不同频率的声衰减系数, 通过拟合发现泥底声衰减系数随频率近似呈线性关系; 最后, 给出了双层海底模型和半无限大海底模型等效性的讨论. 反演结果为低声速沉积层海底声传播规律研究与应用提供了海底声学参数.

关键词:

Abstract

Acoustic inversion of sediment parameters in muddy bottom environment has received much attention in the field of underwater acoustics. In shallow water, when there is a low-speed layer of unconsolidated sediment, such as mud in which the sound speed is lower than that of the sea water, on the top of a high-speed bottom, the transmission losses at different frequencies will increase periodically under the condition of small grazing angles. Based on this phenomenon, an acoustic inversion method of seabed parameters for low speed sediments is proposed. Firstly, the analytical expressions between the frequency interval of the transmission loss (TL) periodical increasing and geoacoustic parameters, including the sound speed and the thickness of sediment layer and the sound speed of seawater near the bottom, are derived under the condition of small grazing angles. Secondly, using the broadband sound propagation signals received under the thermocline in the 2002 summer acoustic experiment conducted in the Yellow Sea, the TL at small grazing angles increases periodically with the frequency, and it is determined that the sediment of this sea area is a low-speed sediment. Then, taking the analytical expression as the constraint condition and combining with Hamilton's empirical formula, the sound speed, density, thickness of sediment layer and the sound speed and density of the seabed are inverted by matched field processing. Finally, the bottom attenuation coefficients at different frequencies are inverted by using the long-range TL, and the linear relationship between the attenuation coefficients and the frequencies is obtained. The equivalence between the two different bottom models is discussed in the end. The inversion results can provide seabed parameters for the study and application of the sound propagation law in shallow water with a low-speed sediment.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院声学研究所, 声场声信息国家重点实验室, 北京　100190

2.
中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院, 北京　100049

3.
佐治亚理工学院机械工程学院, 亚特兰大　30332-0405

通信作者: 李整林, lzhl@mail.ioa.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11434012, 11874061)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

2.
School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

3.
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0405, USA

Corresponding author: Li Zheng-Lin, lzhl@mail.ioa.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11434012, 11874061).

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Gerstoft P, Gingras D F 1996 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99 2839 Google Scholar
[2]	D’Spain G L, Murray J J, Hodgkiss W S, Booth N O 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 3291
[3]	Zhou J X 1985 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 1003 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhou J X, Zhang X Z, Rogers P H, Simmen J A, Dahl P H, Jin G L, Peng Z H 2004 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 29 988 Google Scholar
[5]	高伟, 王宁, 王好忠 2008 声学学报 33 109 Google Scholar Gao W, Wang N, Wang H Z 2008 Acta Acustica 33 109 Google Scholar
[6]	Carbone N M, Deane G B, Buckingham M J 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 801 Google Scholar
[7]	Li Z L, Zhang R H 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 1100 Google Scholar
[8]	李风华, 张仁和 2000 声学学报 25 297 Google Scholar Li F H, Zhang R H 2000 Acta Acustica 25 297 Google Scholar
[9]	Wu S L, Li Z L, Qin J X 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 124301 Google Scholar
[10]	Li Z L, Zhang R H, Yan J, Li F H, Liu J J 2004 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 29 973 Google Scholar
[11]	Li Z L 2003 Chin. J. Acoust. 22 176
[12]	Li Z L, Zhang R H 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 471 Google Scholar
[13]	Li Z L, Li F H 2010 Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 28 990 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhou J X, Zhang X Z 2009 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 2847 Google Scholar
[15]	Press F, Ewing M. 1948 Geophysics 13 404 Google Scholar
[16]	Rubano L A 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67 1608
[17]	Kuperman W A, Jensen F B 1980 Bottom-interacting Ocean Acoustics (New York: Plenum Press) pp135−152
[18]	Bonnel J, Lin Y T, Eleftherakis D, Goff J A, Stan D, Ross C, James H M, Gopu R P 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 405 Google Scholar
[19]	Wan L, Badiey M, Knobles D P, Wilson P S 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 199 Google Scholar
[20]	Porter M B, Bucker H P 1987 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82 1349 Google Scholar
[21]	Porter M, Reiss E L 1984 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 244 Google Scholar
[22]	Hamilton E L, Bachman R T 1982 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72 1891 Google Scholar
[23]	Stoffa P L, Sen M K 1991 Geophysics 56 1794 Google Scholar
[24]	Hamilton E L 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 1313 Google Scholar
[25]	Gerstoft P, Mecklenbrauker C F 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104 808 Google Scholar

施引文献

图 1 低声速沉积层海底模型

Fig. 1. Bottom model with a low speed sediment layer.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 掠射角1°时对应的海底反射损失

Fig. 2. Reflection loss for the grazing angle of 1°.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 小掠射角情况下参数敏感性分析

Fig. 3. Sensitivity analyses of the bottom reflection loss to the geoacoustic parameters under the small grazing angle.

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图 4 声传播损失与海底反射损失随频率的变化

Fig. 4. Comparison between the transmission loss and reflection loss at different frequencies.

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图 5 低声速沉积层声学参数联合反演流程

Fig. 5. Flowchart of geoacoustic inversion for the sediment with lower sound speed.

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图 6 实验期间的水文环境和设备布设　(a) 声速剖面; (b) 设备布设及海深示意图

Fig. 6. Water environment and experiment configuration during the experiment: (a) Measured sound speed profile; (b) experimental configuration and water depth.

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图 7 声传播损失随频率的变化 (r = 9.2 km, z_s = 50.0 m, z_r = 53.5 m)

Fig. 7. Transmission losses at the different frequencies ( r = 9.2 km, z_s = 50.0 m, z_r = 53.5 m).

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 给定频率间隔下沉积层厚度与声速的关系

Fig. 8. Relationship between the thickness of sediment and its sound speed at the special frequency step.

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图 9 参数的一维边缘概率密度分布

Fig. 9. One-dimensional marginal posterior probability densities of the parameters.

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图 10 声源距离和海深的模糊度表面

Fig. 10. Ambiguity surface of source range and water depth.

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图 11 代价函数随沉积层和基底衰减系数的模糊度表面

Fig. 11. Ambiguity surface of sediment attenuation and basement attenuation.

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图 12 反演得到的不同频率的衰减系数

Fig. 12. Inverted attenuation coefficients at different frequencies

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图 13 利用反演参数计算的不同频率传播损失与实验结果的对比　(a) z_r = 22 m; (b) z_r = 50 m

Fig. 13. Comparison between the numerical TL and experimental TL at different frequencies: (a) z_r = 22 m; (b) z_r = 50 m.

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图 14 不同海底模型的海底反射损失比较　(a) 半无限大海底模型; (b) 双层海底模型; (c) 掠射角0.1°; (d) 掠射角11.6°

Fig. 14. Comparison of reflection losses for different bottom models: (a) Uniform liquid half-space bottom model; (b) two layered bottom model; (c) at grazing angle 0.1°; (d) at grazing angle 11.6°.

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表 1 低声速沉积海底环境参数

Table 1. Seabed environmental parameters for low-speed sediment simulation.

c₁/m·s^–1	ρ₁/g·cm^–3	α₁/dB·λ^–1	c₂/m·s^–1	ρ₂/g·cm^–3	α₂/dB·λ^–1	d/m	c₃/m·s^–1	ρ₃/g·cm^–3	α₃/dB·λ^–1
1488	1.0	0.0	1460	1.4	0.10	5	1620	1.8	0.10

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 计算得到的不同距离下的有效海底掠射角

Table 2. Effective bottom grazing angles at different ranges.

	收发距离/km
	1	5	10	20
有效海底掠射角	10.41°	6.16°	2.15°	0.52°
标准差	7.84°	6.44°	3.75°	0.70°

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 待反演参数搜素范围及反演结果

Table 3. Search ranges of the unknown parameters and the inverted results.

	c₂/m·s^–1	ρ₂/g·cm^–3	c₃/m·s^–1	ρ₃/g·cm^–3	d/m	r/km	h/m
搜索范围	1418—1487	1.1—1.6	1489—1800	—	—	9.0—9.4	60—65
最优值	1474.01	1.35	1580.47	1.64	10.32	9.26	64.63
平均值	1474.12	1.39	1581.02	1.64	10.48	9.22	64.65
标准差	2.22	0.07	1.52	0.00	0.98	0.10	0.34

下载: 导出CSV

map

[1]	Gerstoft P, Gingras D F 1996 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99 2839 Google Scholar
[2]	D’Spain G L, Murray J J, Hodgkiss W S, Booth N O 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 3291
[3]	Zhou J X 1985 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 78 1003 Google Scholar
[4]	Zhou J X, Zhang X Z, Rogers P H, Simmen J A, Dahl P H, Jin G L, Peng Z H 2004 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 29 988 Google Scholar
[5]	高伟, 王宁, 王好忠 2008 声学学报 33 109 Google Scholar Gao W, Wang N, Wang H Z 2008 Acta Acustica 33 109 Google Scholar
[6]	Carbone N M, Deane G B, Buckingham M J 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 801 Google Scholar
[7]	Li Z L, Zhang R H 2004 Chin. Phys. Lett. 21 1100 Google Scholar
[8]	李风华, 张仁和 2000 声学学报 25 297 Google Scholar Li F H, Zhang R H 2000 Acta Acustica 25 297 Google Scholar
[9]	Wu S L, Li Z L, Qin J X 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 124301 Google Scholar
[10]	Li Z L, Zhang R H, Yan J, Li F H, Liu J J 2004 IEEE J. Ocean. Eng. 29 973 Google Scholar
[11]	Li Z L 2003 Chin. J. Acoust. 22 176
[12]	Li Z L, Zhang R H 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 471 Google Scholar
[13]	Li Z L, Li F H 2010 Chin. J. Oceanol. Limnol. 28 990 Google Scholar
[14]	Zhou J X, Zhang X Z 2009 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 125 2847 Google Scholar
[15]	Press F, Ewing M. 1948 Geophysics 13 404 Google Scholar
[16]	Rubano L A 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67 1608
[17]	Kuperman W A, Jensen F B 1980 Bottom-interacting Ocean Acoustics (New York: Plenum Press) pp135−152
[18]	Bonnel J, Lin Y T, Eleftherakis D, Goff J A, Stan D, Ross C, James H M, Gopu R P 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 405 Google Scholar
[19]	Wan L, Badiey M, Knobles D P, Wilson P S 2018 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143 199 Google Scholar
[20]	Porter M B, Bucker H P 1987 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 82 1349 Google Scholar
[21]	Porter M, Reiss E L 1984 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76 244 Google Scholar
[22]	Hamilton E L, Bachman R T 1982 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 72 1891 Google Scholar
[23]	Stoffa P L, Sen M K 1991 Geophysics 56 1794 Google Scholar
[24]	Hamilton E L 1980 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68 1313 Google Scholar
[25]	Gerstoft P, Mecklenbrauker C F 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 104 808 Google Scholar

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