Design of ring-core few-mode multi-core fiber with low crosstalk and low bending loss

Zhang Yuan; Jiang Wen-Fan; Chen Ming-Yang

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211534

Abstract

Aiming at solving the problems of coupling between modes in a core and mode coupling between cores in few-mode multi-core fiber, a fiber with seven cores each with step index is proposed, and each core can support five modes. Each core has a central low refractive index region and a high refractive index ring to ensure that there is a large refractive index difference between modes in the core, so as to reduce the problem of mode coupling. The bending loss of central core and outer core, the crosstalk characteristics between modes and the influence of core parameters on crosstalk performance are simulated and analyzed by the finite element method. The simulation results show that at a wavelength of 1.55 μm and a bending radius of 50 mm, the bending loss of the proposed multi-core fiber is much lower than its attenuation loss, and the crosstalk between the adjacent cores of the five core modes are less than –20 dB/100 km. Therefore, this multi-core fiber can realize independent transmission of the core modes with long-distance under small bending radius.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
2.
Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

Corresponding author: Chen Ming-Yang, miniyoung@163.com

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References

[1]	Richardson D J, Fini J M, Nelson L E 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 354 Google Scholar
[2]	Qian D, Huang M F, Huang Y K, Shao Y, Hu J, Wang T 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 1540 Google Scholar
[3]	Chen H G, Morency S, Jin C, Gregoire N, Essiambre 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 529 Google Scholar
[4]	Mukasa K, Imamura K, Sugizaki R 2012 European Conference & Exhibition on Optical Communications Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 9, 2012 p1
[5]	Igarashi K, Souma D, Wakayama Y, Takeshima K, Suzuki M 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) Angeles, California, USA, March 22–26, 2015 pTH5C.4
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[8]	Kumar D, Ranjan R 2018 Opt. Fiber Technol. 41 95 Google Scholar
[9]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J, Zhao Q, Ning T, Sun J 2019 Appl. Opt. 58 4373 Google Scholar
[10]	刘诗男, 宁提纲, 马绍朔 2018 中国激光 45 1206001 Google Scholar Liu S N, Ning T G, Ma S S 2018 Chin. J. Lasers 45 1206001 Google Scholar
[11]	Chen S, Tong Y, Tian H 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 4634 Google Scholar
[12]	Chen X, Li M J, Koh J, Artuso A, Nolan D A 2007 Opt. Express 15 10629 Google Scholar
[13]	郑斯文, 林桢, 任国斌, 简水生 2013 62 044224 Google Scholar Zheng S W, Lin Z, Ren G B, Jian S S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 044224 Google Scholar
[14]	Fini J M, Nicholson J W 2013 Opt. Express 21 19173 Google Scholar
[15]	Tsuchida Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2005 Opt. Express 13 4770 Google Scholar
[16]	Zheng X, Ren G, Huang L, Li H, Zhu B, Zheng H, Cao M 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 2639 Google Scholar
[17]	Dablu K, Rakesh R 2020 Optoelectron. Lett. 16 126 Google Scholar
[18]	Farooque U, Singh D K, Ranjan R 2019 Opt. Quantum Electron. 51 371 Google Scholar
[19]	Zheng S, Ren G, Lin Z, Jian S 2013 Appl. Opt. 52 4541 Google Scholar
[20]	Ye F, Tu J, Saitoh K, Morioka T 2014 Opt. Express 22 23007 Google Scholar
[21]	Jaramillo-Avila B, Torres J M, Leon-Montiel R J, Rodriguez-Lara B M 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 15737 Google Scholar
[22]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J 2020 Opt. Commun. 474 126155 Google Scholar
[23]	Koshiba M, Saitoh K, Takenaga K 2012 IEEE Photonics J. 4 1987 Google Scholar
[24]	Ce N X, Amezcua-Correa R, Bai N, Antonio-Lopez, E, Li G 2012 IEEE PTL 24 1914 Google Scholar
[25]	Sakaguchi J, Klaus W, Mendinueta J M D, Puttnam B J, Kobayashi T 2016 J. Lightwave Technol. 34 93 Google Scholar
[26]	Yusuke S A, Katsuhiro T, Shoichiro M, Kazuhiko A 2017 Opt. Fiber Technol. 35 19 Google Scholar
[27]	Xie Y, Pei L, Sun J, Zheng J, Li J J 2019 Opt. Fiber Technol. 53 102001 Google Scholar
[28]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J, Zhao Q, Li J J 2020 Opt. Express 28 23806 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 环芯少模多芯光纤结构示意图　(a)单独纤芯示意图; (b)剖面图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of ring core few-mode multi-core fiber: (a) Single fiber core; (b) whole configuration.

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图 2 环形芯少模多芯光纤折射率分布图

Figure 2. Refractive index distribution of ring core few-mode multi-core fiber.

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图 3 各模式的有效折射率与纤芯内半径R_{ring_in}的关系

Figure 3. Relationship between the effective refractive index of each mode changes with the inner radius R_{ring_in}.

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图 4 弯曲半径为50 mm时, 外纤芯5种模式的电场能量分布　(a) LP₀₁模式; (b) LP₁₁模式; (c) LP₂₁模式; (d) LP₀₂模式; (e) LP₃₁模式

Figure 4. Electric field energy distribution of the outer fiber core in five modes at the bending radius of 50 mm: (a) LP₀₁ mode; (b) LP₁₁ mode; (c) LP₂₁ mode; (d) LP₀₂ mode; (e) LP₃₁ mode.

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图 5 λ = 1550 nm时, 弯曲半径R_b与弯曲损耗的关系曲线　(a) 中心纤芯; (b)外纤芯

Figure 5. Bending loss curves as a function of bending radius R_b at the wavelength of 1550 nm: (a) Central core; (b) outer core.

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图 6 模式有效折射率随弯曲半径R_b的变化曲线(其中λ = 1550 nm, Λ = 45 μm)　(a)中心纤芯模式; (b)外纤芯模式

Figure 6. Effective refractive indexes of the modes as a function of bending radius R_b for the fiber with λ = 1550 nm and Λ = 45 μm: (a) Central core; (b) outer core.

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图 7 多芯光纤在50 mm弯曲半径下外纤芯的模场分布图　(a) LP₀₁模; (b) LP₁₁模; (c) LP₂₁模; (d) LP₀₂模; (e) LP₃₁模

Figure 7. Mode field distribution of the outer core of the multi-core fiber at the bending radius of 50 mm: (a) LP₀₁ mode; (b) LP₁₁ mode; (c) LP₂₁ mode; (d) LP₀₂ mode; (e) LP₃₁ mode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 λ = 1550 nm, $ \varLambda =45 $ μm时, 弯曲半径R_b与串扰的关系曲线　(a)中间纤芯中的LP₀₁模式和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (b)中间纤芯中的LP₁₁模式和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (c)中间纤芯中的LP₂₁模式和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (d)中间纤芯中的LP₀₂模式和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (e)中间纤芯中的LP₃₁模和外纤芯的各模式的串扰

Figure 8. Crosstalk curves for the multi-core optical fiber with λ = 1550 nm and Λ = 45 μm: (a) LP₀₁ mode in the central core and the modes in the outer core; (b) LP₁₁ mode in the central core and the modes in the outer core; (c) LP₂₁ mode in the central core and the modes in the outer core; (d) LP₀₂ mode in the central core and the modes in the outer core; (e) LP₃₁ mode in the central core and the modes in the outer core.

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图 9 芯间距$ \varLambda $与串扰的关系曲线　(a)中间纤芯LP₀₁模式与外纤芯 LP₁₁模式; (b) 中间纤芯LP₁₁模式与外纤芯 LP₁₁模式; (c) 中间纤芯LP₂₁模式与外纤芯 LP₁₁模式; (d) 中间纤芯LP₀₂模式与外纤芯 LP₀₂模式; (e) 中间纤芯LP₃₁模式与外纤芯 LP₃₁模式

Figure 9. Relation curves between core spacing Λ and crosstalk: (a) LP₀₁ mode of the central core and LP₁₁ mode of the outer core; (b) LP₁₁ mode of the central core and LP₁₁ mode of the outer core; (c) LP₂₁ mode of the central core and LP₁₁ mode of the outer core; (d) LP₀₂ mode of the central core and LP₀₂ mode of the outer core; (e) LP₃₁ mode of the central core and LP₃₁ mode of the outer core.

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图 10 纤芯-包层折射率差与芯间串扰的关系　(a)中间纤芯中的LP₀₁模和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (b)中间纤芯中的LP₁₁模和外纤芯各模式的串扰; (c)中间纤芯中的LP₂₁模和外纤芯各模式的串扰曲线; (d)中间纤芯中的LP₀₂模和外纤芯各模式的串扰曲线; (e)中间纤芯中的LP₃₁模和外纤芯的各模式之间的串扰

Figure 10. Relationship between core-cladding refractive index difference and inter-core crosstalk: (a) LP₀₁ mode in the central core and modes in the outer core; (b) LP₁₁ mode in the central core and modes in the outer core; (c) LP₂₁ mode in the central core and modes in the outer core; (d) LP₀₂ mode in the central core and modes in the outer core; (e) LP₃₁ mode in the central core and modes in the outer core.

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表 1 中间纤芯与外纤芯各模式之间的串扰

Table 1. Crosstalk between different modes of middle core and outer core.

		XT/[dB·(100 km)^–1]
Core 2		LP_11b	LP_11b	LP_21b	LP_21b	LP_31b	LP_31b
Core 1	LP_11b	–92.84	–129.70	–125.62	–95.26	–118.93	–116.99
	LP_11b	–124.63	–92.86	–99.26	–135.26	–123.78	–120.89
	LP_21b	–79.30	–82.52	–63.70	–72.51	–90.05	–93.15
	LP_21b	–60.43	–69.32	–71.89	–63.78	–89.96	–89.17
	LP_31b	–33.35	–44.74	–46.39	–35.01	–28.76	–46.20
	LP_31b	–41.08	–33.92	–34.12	–50.58	–49.63	–28.19

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表 2 光纤性能对比

Table 2. Fiber performance comparison.

Year	Number of fiber cores	Structure of fiber core	Cladding diameter/μm	Bending radius/mm	Bending loss	Crosstalk/dB (Transmission distance)
2012^[24]	7	Hole-assisted	225	140	0.242 dB/km	–60 (1 km)
2015^[25]	36	Trench-assisted	200	140	0.001 dB/km	–31 (5.5 km)
2017^[26]	12	Trench-assisted	230	210	0.05 dB/100 turns	–48 (500 km)
2019^[27]	8	Differential inner-cladding	160	30	0.0049 dB/100 turns	< –50 (100 km)
2020^[28]	7	Hole-assisted	125	80	2.20 × 10^–6 dB/m	–32 (100 km)
Our design	7	Ring-core structure	180	50	2.77 × 10^–8 dB/m	–116 (100 km)

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map

[1]	Richardson D J, Fini J M, Nelson L E 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 354 Google Scholar
[2]	Qian D, Huang M F, Huang Y K, Shao Y, Hu J, Wang T 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 1540 Google Scholar
[3]	Chen H G, Morency S, Jin C, Gregoire N, Essiambre 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 529 Google Scholar
[4]	Mukasa K, Imamura K, Sugizaki R 2012 European Conference & Exhibition on Optical Communications Amsterdam, Netherlands, June 9, 2012 p1
[5]	Igarashi K, Souma D, Wakayama Y, Takeshima K, Suzuki M 2015 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) Angeles, California, USA, March 22–26, 2015 pTH5C.4
[6]	Shibahara K, Lee D, Kobayashi T, Mizuno T, Takara H, Sano A 2016 J. Lightwave Technol. 34 196 Google Scholar
[7]	Igarashi K, Soma D, Wakayama Y, Takeshima K, Kawaguchi Y, Yoshikane N, Tsuritani T, Morita I, Suzuki M 2016 Opt. Express 24 10213 Google Scholar
[8]	Kumar D, Ranjan R 2018 Opt. Fiber Technol. 41 95 Google Scholar
[9]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J, Zhao Q, Ning T, Sun J 2019 Appl. Opt. 58 4373 Google Scholar
[10]	刘诗男, 宁提纲, 马绍朔 2018 中国激光 45 1206001 Google Scholar Liu S N, Ning T G, Ma S S 2018 Chin. J. Lasers 45 1206001 Google Scholar
[11]	Chen S, Tong Y, Tian H 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 4634 Google Scholar
[12]	Chen X, Li M J, Koh J, Artuso A, Nolan D A 2007 Opt. Express 15 10629 Google Scholar
[13]	郑斯文, 林桢, 任国斌, 简水生 2013 62 044224 Google Scholar Zheng S W, Lin Z, Ren G B, Jian S S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 044224 Google Scholar
[14]	Fini J M, Nicholson J W 2013 Opt. Express 21 19173 Google Scholar
[15]	Tsuchida Y, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2005 Opt. Express 13 4770 Google Scholar
[16]	Zheng X, Ren G, Huang L, Li H, Zhu B, Zheng H, Cao M 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 2639 Google Scholar
[17]	Dablu K, Rakesh R 2020 Optoelectron. Lett. 16 126 Google Scholar
[18]	Farooque U, Singh D K, Ranjan R 2019 Opt. Quantum Electron. 51 371 Google Scholar
[19]	Zheng S, Ren G, Lin Z, Jian S 2013 Appl. Opt. 52 4541 Google Scholar
[20]	Ye F, Tu J, Saitoh K, Morioka T 2014 Opt. Express 22 23007 Google Scholar
[21]	Jaramillo-Avila B, Torres J M, Leon-Montiel R J, Rodriguez-Lara B M 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 15737 Google Scholar
[22]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J 2020 Opt. Commun. 474 126155 Google Scholar
[23]	Koshiba M, Saitoh K, Takenaga K 2012 IEEE Photonics J. 4 1987 Google Scholar
[24]	Ce N X, Amezcua-Correa R, Bai N, Antonio-Lopez, E, Li G 2012 IEEE PTL 24 1914 Google Scholar
[25]	Sakaguchi J, Klaus W, Mendinueta J M D, Puttnam B J, Kobayashi T 2016 J. Lightwave Technol. 34 93 Google Scholar
[26]	Yusuke S A, Katsuhiro T, Shoichiro M, Kazuhiko A 2017 Opt. Fiber Technol. 35 19 Google Scholar
[27]	Xie Y, Pei L, Sun J, Zheng J, Li J J 2019 Opt. Fiber Technol. 53 102001 Google Scholar
[28]	Xie Y, Pei L, Zheng J, Zhao Q, Li J J 2020 Opt. Express 28 23806 Google Scholar

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