Double-trench assisted thirteen-core five-mode fibers with low crosstalk and low non-linearity

Li Zeng-Hui; Li Shu-Guang; Li Jian-She; Wang Lu-Yao; Wang Xiao-Kai; Wang Yan; Gong Lin; Cheng Tong-Lei

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201825

Abstract

Information technology has an increasingly strong demand for high-speed and large-capacity optical fiber networks. Space division multiplex(SDM) is a new generation of optical fiber communication technology which can be several times in communication capacity higher than the wavelength division multiplexing systems. In this paper, we present a kind of 13-core 5-mode fiber with double trench structure to meet the demand for high-speed and large-capacity information transmission in the future. In order to solve the crosstalk problem in SDM, a double-trench structure is adopted to better limit the light energy in the fiber core, thus reducing the crosstalk between cores and modes. The crosstalk and transmission characteristics of multi-core fiber are calculated and analyzed by the full vector finite element method and coupled power theory. After the optimization of structural parameters, the fiber can stably transmit LP₀₁, LP₁₁, LP₂₁, LP₀₂ and LP₃₁ in the band of 1.3–1.7 μm; when the signal is transmitted at the 1.55 μm for 60 km, the inter-core crosstalks corresponding to the adjacent fiber cores in the above five modes are –122.37 dB, –114.76 dB, –106.28 dB, –100.68 dB and –92.813 dB, respectively; the effective refractive index difference between adjacent modes is greater than 1.026 × 10^–3; inter-core and inter-mode crosstalk can be effectively suppressed. The corresponding non-linear coefficients of the 5-modes are 0.74 W^–1·km^–1, 0.82 W^–1·km^–1, 0.88 W^–1·km^–1, 1.26 W^–1·km^–1, 0.93 W^–1·km^–1, which can maintain low non-linear transmission. The structure of fiber is simple and compact, and the preform can be fabricated by vapor deposition method and stack method, then the 13-core five-mode fiber with low crosstalk and low nonlinear can be further drawn, which can be used in a long distance high-speed and large-capacity fiber transmission system.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science & Technology, Key Laboratory for Microstructural Material Physics of Hebei Province, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
2.
School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Process Industry Integrated Automation, School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeast University, Shenyang 110004, China

Corresponding author: Li Shu-Guang, shuguangli@ysu.edu.cn

Funds: Project is supported by the National Key Research and Development Project, China (Grant No. 2019YFB2204001), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12074331), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant Nos. F2017203193, F2020203050, F2017203110), and the Postdoctoral Preferred Funding Research Project of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. B2018003008)

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References

[1]	张伟, 陈鹤鸣 2017 光通信研究 4 26 Google Scholar Zhang W, Chen H M 2017 Study on Optical Communications 4 26 Google Scholar
[2]	Takenaga K, Arakawa Y, Tanigawa S, Guan N, Matsuo S, Saltoh K, Koshiba M 2011 IEICE Trans. Commun. E94B 409 Google Scholar
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[7]	Sasaki Y, Takenaga K, Matsuo S, Aikawa K, Saitoh K 2017 Opt. Fiber Technol. 35 19 Google Scholar
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[11]	Takenaga K, Arakawa Y, Tanigawa S, Guan N, Matsuo S, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2011 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Los Angeles, CA Mar. 06–10, 2011
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[13]	Xia C, Amezcua-Correa R, Bai N, Antonio-Lopez E, Arrioja D M, Schulzgen A, Richardson M, Linares J, Montero C, Mateo E, Zhou X, Li G F 2012 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24 1914 Google Scholar
[14]	徐闵喃, 周桂耀, 陈成, 侯峙云, 夏长明, 周概, 刘宏展, 刘建涛, 张卫 2015 64 234206 Google Scholar Xu M N, Zhou G Y, Chen C, Hou Z Y, Xia C M, Zhou G, Liu H Z, Liu J T, Zhang W 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 234206 Google Scholar
[15]	姜姗姗, 刘艳, 邢尔军 2015 64 064212 Google Scholar Jang S S, Liu Y, Xing E J, 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 064212 Google Scholar
[16]	裴丽, 王建帅, 郑晶晶, 宁提纲, 解宇恒, 何倩, 李晶 2018 红外与激光工程 10 35 Google Scholar Pei L, Wang J S, Zheng J J, Ning T G, Xie Y H, He Q, Li J 2018 Infrared and Laser Engineering 10 35 Google Scholar
[17]	曹原, 施伟华, 郁小松, 赵永利, 张杰 2017 光子学报 46 45 Google Scholar Cao Y, Shi W H, Yu X S, Zhao Y L, Zhang J 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 45 Google Scholar
[18]	Gruner-Nielsen L, Sun Y, Nicholson J W, Jakobsen D, Jespersen KG, Lingle R, Palsdottir B 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 3693 Google Scholar
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[20]	刘俊彦 2015 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京邮电大学) Liu J Y 2015 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: Beijing Youdian University) (in Chinese)
[21]	Qiu J C, Liu H K, Tian X X 2008 Acta Photon. Sin. 37 297
[22]	Wang W C, Sun C Y, Wang N, Jia H Z 2020 Opt. Commun. 471 125823 Google Scholar
[23]	Takenaga K, Sasaki Y, Guan N, Matsuo S, Kasahara M, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2012 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series Seattle, WA, USA August 27 2012 p191
[24]	Begum F, Namihira Y, Razzak SMA, Kaijage S, Miyagi K, Hai NH, Zou N 2007 Opt. Rev. 14 120 Google Scholar
[25]	Liu M, Yang J, Zhu T 2015 JETP Letters 102 274 Google Scholar
[26]	Wan X, Wang Z Q, Sun B, Zhang Z X 2020 Opt. Quantum Electron. 52 289 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 双沟槽环绕型十三芯五模光纤结构

Figure 1. Schematic structure of a double-trench assisted 13-core 5-LP mode fiber.

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图 2 相邻纤芯折射率分布

Figure 2. Refractive index profile of adjacent fiber-core.

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图 3 具有横向随机波动的两相邻纤芯之间的串扰

Figure 3. Crosstalk between two adjacent cores with random fluctuation along longitudinal direction.

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图 4 无/单/双沟槽结构中LP₀₁模式的芯间串扰对比

Figure 4. No/single/double trench structure crosstalk contrast of LP₀₁ mode.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 Δ₂ = –0.01时芯间串扰与沟槽宽度的关系

Figure 5. Relation between crosstalk and trench width at Δ₂ = –0.01.

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图 6 c₁, c₂ = 4 μm时串扰和Δ₂的关系

Figure 6. Relation between crosstalk and Δ₂ at c₁, c₂ = 4 μm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 在∆₁ = 0.015, 波长1.55 μm处5个模式的串扰、A_eff和Δn_eff与芯区大小的关系 (a)芯区大小和串扰的关系; (b)芯区大小和A_eff的关系; (c)芯区大小和模式折射率差的关系

Figure 7. The relationship between crosstalk, A_eff, Δn_eff of five modes and core size at 1.55 μm: (a) The relationship between core size and crosstalk; (b) the relationship between core size and A_eff; (c) the relationship between core size and Δn_eff.

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图 8 在1.55 μm处5个模式的芯间串扰、A_eff和∆n_eff与芯区相对折射率差Δ₁的关系 (a) Δ₁和芯间串扰的关系; (b) Δ₁和A_eff的关系; (c) Δ₁和模式折射率差的关系

Figure 8. . The relationship between crosstalk, A_eff, ∆n_eff of five modes and Δ₁ at 1.55 μm: (a) The relationship between Δ₁ and crosstalk; (b) The relationship between Δ₁ and A_eff; (c) The relationship between Δ₁ and ∆n_eff.

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图 9 5-LP横向模式剖面

Figure 9. Transverse mode profile for 5-LP modes.

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图 10 双沟槽十三芯五模光纤芯间串扰与波长关系

Figure 10. Relation between wavelength and core-to-core crosstalk for the double-trench assisted 13-core 5-LP mode fiber.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 5个LP模式之间的∆n_eff和MDGD与波长的关系　(a) ∆n_eff与波长的关系; (b)相邻模式之间差分群时延与波长的关系

Figure 11. The relationship between ∆n_eff, MDGD of five modes and wavelength: (a) The relationship between ∆n_eff and wavelength; (b) the relationship between ∆n_eff and wavelength.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 5个LP模式的有效模面积A_eff和非线性系数γ与波长的关系　(a) 有效模面积A_eff与波长的关系; (b)非线性系数γ与波长的关系

Figure 12. The relationship between A_eff, γ of five modes and wavelength: (a) The relationship between A_eff and wavelength; (b) the relationship between γ and wavelength.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 5-LP的色散与波长的关系

Figure 13. Relation between dispersion and wavelength for 5-LP modes.

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表 1 光纤初始参数

Table 1. The initial fiber parameters

a/μm b₁/μm b₂/μm c₁/μm c₂/μm Λ/μm R/μm Δ₁ Δ₂

6 2 2 5 4 42 100 0.017 –0.01

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 光纤优化参数

Table 2. The optimal fiber performance.

a/μm b₁/μm b₂/μm c₁/μm c₂/μm Λ/μm R/μm Δ₁ Δ₂

8 2 2 4 4 42 100 0.015 –0.008

DownLoad: CSV

表 3 5个LP模式的串扰、有效模面积和MDGD(LP_mn–LP₀₁)

Table 3. Estimated values of crosstalk, effective area and MDGD(LP_mn–LP₀₁) for 5-LP modes at 1.55 μm.

Modes Crosstalk/
(dB/60 km) A_eff /μm² MDGD/
(ps·m^–1)

LP₀₁ –122.37 147 0
LP₁₁ –114.76 134 5.855
LP₂₁ –106.28 125 13.452
LP₀₂ –100.68 87 15.799
LP₃₁ –92.81 118 22.314

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	张伟, 陈鹤鸣 2017 光通信研究 4 26 Google Scholar Zhang W, Chen H M 2017 Study on Optical Communications 4 26 Google Scholar
[2]	Takenaga K, Arakawa Y, Tanigawa S, Guan N, Matsuo S, Saltoh K, Koshiba M 2011 IEICE Trans. Commun. E94B 409 Google Scholar
[3]	Xie Y H, Pei L, Zheng J J, Zhao Q, Ning T, Li J 2020 Opt. Commun. 474 126155 Google Scholar
[4]	Sakamoto T, Saitoh K, Saitoh S, Shibahara K, Wada M, Abe Y, Urushibara A, Takenaga K, Mizuno T, Matsui T, Aikawa K, Miyamoto Y, Nakajima K 2018 J. Lightwave Technol. 36 1226 Google Scholar
[5]	Mori T, Sakamoto T, Wada M, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto F 2014 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exhibition (OFC) San Francisco, CA Mar. 09–13, 2014
[6]	Kumar D, Ranjan R 2018 Opt. Fiber Technol. 41 95 Google Scholar
[7]	Sasaki Y, Takenaga K, Matsuo S, Aikawa K, Saitoh K 2017 Opt. Fiber Technol. 35 19 Google Scholar
[8]	苑立波 2019 激光与光电子学进展 56 170612 Google Scholar Yuan L B 2019 Laser. Opt. Pro. 56 170612 Google Scholar
[9]	涂佳静, 乔喜慧, 隆克平 2017 光子学报 46 0106001 Google Scholar Tu J J, Qiao X H, Long K P 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 0106001 Google Scholar
[10]	郑斯文 2014 博士学位论文 (北京: 北京交通大学) Zheng S W 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University) (in Chinese)
[11]	Takenaga K, Arakawa Y, Tanigawa S, Guan N, Matsuo S, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2011 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC) Los Angeles, CA Mar. 06–10, 2011
[12]	Koshiba M, Saitoh K, Kokubun Y 2009 IEICE Electron. Express 6 98 Google Scholar
[13]	Xia C, Amezcua-Correa R, Bai N, Antonio-Lopez E, Arrioja D M, Schulzgen A, Richardson M, Linares J, Montero C, Mateo E, Zhou X, Li G F 2012 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24 1914 Google Scholar
[14]	徐闵喃, 周桂耀, 陈成, 侯峙云, 夏长明, 周概, 刘宏展, 刘建涛, 张卫 2015 64 234206 Google Scholar Xu M N, Zhou G Y, Chen C, Hou Z Y, Xia C M, Zhou G, Liu H Z, Liu J T, Zhang W 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 234206 Google Scholar
[15]	姜姗姗, 刘艳, 邢尔军 2015 64 064212 Google Scholar Jang S S, Liu Y, Xing E J, 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 064212 Google Scholar
[16]	裴丽, 王建帅, 郑晶晶, 宁提纲, 解宇恒, 何倩, 李晶 2018 红外与激光工程 10 35 Google Scholar Pei L, Wang J S, Zheng J J, Ning T G, Xie Y H, He Q, Li J 2018 Infrared and Laser Engineering 10 35 Google Scholar
[17]	曹原, 施伟华, 郁小松, 赵永利, 张杰 2017 光子学报 46 45 Google Scholar Cao Y, Shi W H, Yu X S, Zhao Y L, Zhang J 2017 Acta Photon. Sin. 46 45 Google Scholar
[18]	Gruner-Nielsen L, Sun Y, Nicholson J W, Jakobsen D, Jespersen KG, Lingle R, Palsdottir B 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 3693 Google Scholar
[19]	赵佳佳 2018 博士学位论文 (武汉: 华中科技大学) Zhao J J 2018 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuhan: Huazhong University Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[20]	刘俊彦 2015 硕士学位论文 (北京: 北京邮电大学) Liu J Y 2015 M. S. Dissertation (Beijing: Beijing Youdian University) (in Chinese)
[21]	Qiu J C, Liu H K, Tian X X 2008 Acta Photon. Sin. 37 297
[22]	Wang W C, Sun C Y, Wang N, Jia H Z 2020 Opt. Commun. 471 125823 Google Scholar
[23]	Takenaga K, Sasaki Y, Guan N, Matsuo S, Kasahara M, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2012 2012 IEEE Photonics Society Summer Topical Meeting Series Seattle, WA, USA August 27 2012 p191
[24]	Begum F, Namihira Y, Razzak SMA, Kaijage S, Miyagi K, Hai NH, Zou N 2007 Opt. Rev. 14 120 Google Scholar
[25]	Liu M, Yang J, Zhu T 2015 JETP Letters 102 274 Google Scholar
[26]	Wan X, Wang Z Q, Sun B, Zhang Z X 2020 Opt. Quantum Electron. 52 289 Google Scholar

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