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An efficient Nd:YVO4 crystal self-Raman laser combined with second-order nonlinear frequency conversion is demonstrated to achieve an switchable output of three wavelengths in the yellow-green band. In order to improve the thermal effect and increase the length of Raman medium, a three-stage diffusion-bonded YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4 crystal is designed for high power and efficient self-Raman laser operation. Selective frequency mixing mechanisms between the fundamental wave and the first Stokes wave using the LiB3O5 (LBO) and BaB2O4 (BBO) crystals are comparatively studied by temperature tuning and angle tuning, respectively. Considering the frequency mixing conversion efficiency and a relatively fast wavelength switching, the BBO crystal with critical phase matching is selected as the second order nonlinear optical crystal for frequency conversion. It only needs to fine-tune the phase match angle of BBO crystal within 1.4°, and thus successfully realizing all second harmonic and sum frequency generation between the fundamental wave and the first Stokes wave. Therefore the efficient-switchable output of the three wavelengths of 532 nm green light, 559 nm lime light and 588 nm yellow light is obtained. Under the incident pump power of 19.5 W and the pulse repetition rate of 60 kHz, maximum average output power of 4.37 W at 532 nm, 2.03 W at 559 nm, 3.43 W at 588 nm are achieved. The conversion efficiency values of the corresponding pump light to visible light are 22.4%, 10.4% and 17.6%, respectively. The corresponding pulse widths are 36 ns, 12.2 ns and 12.7 ns, respectively. The results show that the selective frequency mixing of self-Raman operation is an efficient approach to achieving the wavelength-switchable emission in visible waveband. This wavelength-switchable laser source has important applications in the areas of laser therapy, visual display, spectral imaging and biological medicine.
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Keywords:
- self-Raman /
- Nd:YVO4 crystal /
- visible source /
- wavelength switchable
[1] Kaminskii A A, Ueda K, Eichler H J, Kuwano Y, Kouta H, Bagaev S N, Chyba T H, Barnes J C, Gad G M A, Murai T, Lu J 2001 Opt. Commun. 194 201
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Liu W L, Zhou C Q, Ren Q S 2012 Chinese Journal of Instrumentation 36 326
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图 1 可见光三波长可切换激光实验装置示意图(AO, 声光Q开头; RP, 旋转平台; LD, 激光二极管)
Figure 1. Experimental arrangement of the three visible wavelength switchable laser (AO, acousto-optic Q-switcher; RP, rotating platform; LD, laser diode).
图 2 双端键合YVO4/Nd:YVO4/YVO4晶体照片(上方两个晶体图片是本实验所用的同一块晶体, 下方的晶体图片是另一块键合面散射严重的键合晶体)
Figure 2. An image of the double-end diffusion-bonded YVO4/ Nd:YVO4/YVO4 crystals (the top two are the same crystal used in the experiment, the bottom one is another crystal with defective bonding).
图 3 实验测量的可见波段三波长激光光谱和光斑照片
Figure 3. Measured spectrum and shooting spots of the three visible emissions.
图 4 可见波段三个波长平均输出功率随入射抽运功率的关系
Figure 4. Average output power of the three visible emissions versus the incident pump power.
图 5 可见波段三个波长输出的激光脉冲波形
Figure 5. Temporal pulse profiles of the three visible laser output.
表 1 不同混频机制的LBO和BBO相位匹配参数(SHG, 倍频; SFM, 和频)
Table 1. Phase-matching (PM) angles for frequency mixing mechanism (SHG, second harmonic generation; SFM, sum frequency generation).
Wavelength conversion 1064 nm SHG 1064 nm & 1176 nm SFM 1176 nm SHG Output wavelength/nm 532 559 588 LBO PM temperature/℃ 149 89 41 LBO PM angle θ = 90°, φ = 11.3° θ = 90°, φ = 7.9° θ = 90°, φ = 3.7° BBO PM angle θ = 22.9°, φ = 0° θ = 22.1°, φ = 0° θ = 21.5°, φ = 0° 
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[1] Kaminskii A A, Ueda K, Eichler H J, Kuwano Y, Kouta H, Bagaev S N, Chyba T H, Barnes J C, Gad G M A, Murai T, Lu J 2001 Opt. Commun. 194 201
Google Scholar
[2] Chen Y F 2004 Appl. Phys. B 78 685
Google Scholar
[3] Chen Y F 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1251
Google Scholar
[4] Pask H M, Dekker P, Mildren R P, Spence D J, Piper J A 2008 Prog. Quantum Electron. 32 121
Google Scholar
[5] Cai W Y, Duan Y M, Li J T, Yan L F, Mao M J, Zhao B, Zhu H Y 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 034206
Google Scholar
[6] 朱海永, 张戈, 张耀举, 黄呈辉, 段延敏, 魏勇, 尉鹏飞, 于永丽 2011 60 094209
Google Scholar
Zhu H Y, Zhang G, Zhang Y J, Huang C H, Duan Y M, Wei Y, Wei P F, Yu Y L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 094209
Google Scholar
[7] 张鑫, 张蕴川, 李建, 李仁杰, 宋庆坤, 张佳乐, 樊莉 2017 66 194203
Google Scholar
Zhang X, Zhang Y C, Li J, Li R J, Song Q K, Zhang J L, Fan L 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 194203
Google Scholar
[8] Zhou Q Q, Shi S C, Chen S M, Duan Y M, Zhang X M, Guo J, Zhao B, Zhu H Y 2019 Chin. Phys. Lett. 36 014205
Google Scholar
[9] Chen Y F, Liu Y C, Pan Y Y, Gu D Y, Cheng H P, Tsou C H, Liang H C 2019 Opt. Lett. 44 1323
Google Scholar
[10] Chen M T, Dai S B, Zhu S Q, Yin H, Li Z, Chen Z Q 2019 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 36 524
Google Scholar
[11] Zhu H Y, Duan Y M, Zhang G, Huang C H, Wei Y, Shen H Y, Zheng Y Q, Huang L X, Chen Z Q 2009 Opt. Express 17 21544
Google Scholar
[12] Liu J, Ding X, Jiang P B, Sheng Q, Yu X Y, Sun B, Wang J B, Shi R, Zhao L, Bai Y T 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 3154
Google Scholar
[13] Spence D J, Li X L, Lee A J, Pask H M 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 3849
Google Scholar
[14] Mao T W, Duan Y M, Chen S M, Chen M Y, Zhang X M, Zhou Q Q, Zhu H Y 2019 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 31 1112
Google Scholar
[15] Li X L 2016 Chin. Opt. Lett. 14 021404
Google Scholar
[16] Chen Y F, Pan Y Y, Liu Y C, Cheng H P, Tsou C H, Liang H C 2019 Opt. Express 27 2029
Google Scholar
[17] Chen S M, Cheng M Y, Zhu H Y, Mao T W, Zhang X M, Zhou Q Q, Zhang G, Duan Y M 2019 J. Lumin. 214 116555
Google Scholar
[18] Mildren R P, Pask H M, Ogilvy H, Piper J A 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 1500
Google Scholar
[19] Lee A J, Spence D J, Piper J A, Pask H M 2010 Opt. Express 18 20013
Google Scholar
[20] 樊莉, 陈海涛, 朱骏 2014 63 154208
Google Scholar
Fan L, Chen H T, Zhu J 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 154208
Google Scholar
[21] Zhu H Y, Guo J H, Duan Y M, Zhang J, Zhang Y C, Xu C W, Wang H Y, Fan D Y 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 345
Google Scholar
[22] Zhu H Y, Guo J H, Ruan X K, Xu C W, Duan Y M, Zhang Y J, Tang D Y 2017 IEEE Photonics J. 9 1500807
Google Scholar
[23] Liu Y, Liu Z J, Cong Z H, Men S J, Rao H, Xia J B, Zhang S S, Zhang H J 2016 Opt. Laser Technol. 81 184
Google Scholar
[24] Guo J, Zhu H Y, Chen S M, Duan Y M, Xu X R, Xu C W, Tang D Y 2018 Laser Phys. Lett. 15 075803
Google Scholar
[25] Runcorn T H, Gorlitz F G, Murray R T, Kelleher E J R 2018 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 24 1400208
Google Scholar
[26] Staples G, Wu H, Qian J 2015 Laser Focus World 51 61
[27] 刘文陆, 周传清, 任秋实 2012 中国医疗器械杂志 36 326
Liu W L, Zhou C Q, Ren Q S 2012 Chinese Journal of Instrumentation 36 326
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