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We demonstrate generation of high-power and large-energy noise-like square pulses at 1612 nm in an all-fiber dumbbell-shaped mode-locked Er: Yb co-doped double-clad fiber (EYDF) laser. The custom couplers with high power handling keep the laser function well. Large-mode-area EYDF with high power handling and enough high pump power make it possible to obtain high output power in the oscillator. Compared with figure-eight structure, strictly all-fiber dumbbell-shaped structure without isolator and optimizing splicing loss could reduce intra-cavity loss and improve optical to optical efficiency, which could reduce heat accumulation and enhance the power carrying capacity of EYDF. In order to study the influence of in-band absorption on output wavelength, EYDF1 and EYDF2 with different in-band absorption coefficients are accessed to intracavity, respectively. It is directly demonstrated that regulation of in-band absorption is an effective way to control the output wavelength. Strong in-band absorption could restrain the emission of C-band and make the wavelength range above 1.6 μm obtain enough gain. Linear insertion loss is another important factor to affect the emission wavelength in EYDF fiber laser. At pump power of 8 W, maximum average output power with emission wavelength above 1.6 μm can reach 1.16 W, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 1.26 μJ. SNR of output pulse is 70 dB which indicates the high stability of mode-locking. In order to verify and evaluate influence of insertion loss on the output characteristics of mode-locked laser, a variable attenuator is inserted in experimental setup, allowing us adjust the linear loss of the cavity. By increasing pump power and adjusting PCs, mode-locked pulses could be obtained on the condition of large additional insertion loss. Even though ~ 10 dB additional insertion loss is introduced, the oscillation still could function at 1612 nm and keep stable mode-locked state. This result demonstrates our oscillation could bear strong additional loss and own strong robustness. If excessively large additional insertion loss is added, 1566 nm becomes the central emission wavelength and wavelength component at 1612 nm almost disappears. Our investigation supplies a direct guideline to design high-power fiber laser with emission wavelength above 1.6 μm.
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Keywords:
- all-fiber fiber /
- noise-like pulse /
- mode-locking
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Jin X X, Li L, Luo J L, Ge Y Q, Zhang Q, Zhao L M 2015 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 52 121902
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图 1 哑铃形全光纤EYDF激光器结构示意图
Figure 1. Experiment setup of dumbbell-shaped all-fiber mode-locked EYDF fiber laser.
图 2 对应EYDF1和EYDF2的放大自发辐射和连续光输出光谱
Figure 2. The output optical spectra of ASE and CW of EYDF1 and EYDF2.
图 3 对应EYDF1的输出脉冲 (a)时域、(b)光谱演化过程; (c)一次谐波射频谱和100 MHz范围的射频谱(插图); (d) 50 ps范围的自相关迹和5 ps自相关迹(插图);对应EYDF2的输出脉冲的(e)时域、(f)光谱演化过程
Figure 3. (a) Output pulse waveforms, and (b) optical spectra evolution at different pump power of EYDF1; (c) autocorrelation trace over a 50 ps span for EYDF1 (the inset shows the autocorrelation trace with 5 ps span); (d) RF spectrum at the fundamental frequency for EYDF1 (the inset shows broadband RF spectra with 100 MHz span); (e) output pulse waveforms, and (f) optical spectra evolution at different pump power of EYDF2.
图 4 对应EYDF1和EYDF2的输出功率与峰值功率随泵浦功率的变化曲线
Figure 4. Output power and peak power versus pump power.
图 5 (a)不同插入损耗下的输出光谱; 不同插入损耗下(b)输出功率、(c)脉冲宽度和(d)峰值功率随泵浦功率的变化曲线
Figure 5. (a) Output spectra at different at different additional insertion loss; (b) average output power, (c) pulse duration and peak power versus pump power at different additional insertion loss.
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[1] Phillips K C, Gandhi H H, Mazur E, Sundaram S K 2015 Adv. Opt. Photon. 7 684
Google Scholar
[2] Shi W, Fang Q, Zhu X, Norwood R A, Peyghambarian N 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 6554
Google Scholar
[3] 马金栋, 吴浩煜, 路桥, 马挺, 时雷, 孙青, 毛庆和 2018 67 094207
Google Scholar
Ma J D, Wu H Y, Lu Q, Ma T, Shi L, Sun Q, Mao Q H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 094207
Google Scholar
[4] 张彤, 张维光, 蔡亚君, 胡晓鸿, 冯野, 王屹山, 于佳 2019 68 234204
Google Scholar
Zhang T, Zhang W G, Cai Y J, Hu X H, Feng Y, Wang Y S, Yu J 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 234204
Google Scholar
[5] 王富任, 王天枢, 马万卓, 贾青松, 赵得胜, 刘润民 2019 应用光学 40 0710
Google Scholar
Wang F R, Wang T S, Ma W Z, Jia Q S, Zhao D S, Liu R M 2019 Journal of Applied Optics 40 0710
Google Scholar
[6] Zheng Y, Tian J R, Dong Z K, Xu R Q, Li K X, Song Y R 2017 Chinese Phys. B 26 074212
Google Scholar
[7] Liu W, Liu M, Liu X, Wang X, Teng H, Lei M, Wei Z, Wei Z 2020 Appl. Phys. Lett. 116 061901
Google Scholar
[8] Morin F, Druon F, Hanna M, Georges P 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1991
Google Scholar
[9] Huang Q, Zou C, Wang T, Araimi M A, Rozhin A, Mou C 2018 Chinese Phys. B 27 094210
Google Scholar
[10] Kang J, Kong C, Feng P, Wei X, Luo Z C, Lam E Y, Wong K K Y 2018 IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 30 311
Google Scholar
[11] Wang Z, Zhan L, Fang X, Gao C, Qian K 2016 J. Lightwave Technol. 34 4128
Google Scholar
[12] Dong X, Shum P, Ngo N Q, Chan C C, Guan B O, Tam H Y 2003 Opt. Express 11 3622
Google Scholar
[13] Dong X, Shum P, Ngo N Q, Tam H Y, Dong X 2005 J. Lightwave Technol. 23 1334
Google Scholar
[14] 贾浩天, 王军利, 滕浩, 吕志国, 刘文军, 魏志义 2016 中国激光 43 1101008
Google Scholar
Jia H T, Wang J L, Teng H, Lv Z G, Liu W J, Wei Z Y 2016 Chinese Journal of Lasers 43 1101008
Google Scholar
[15] Guesmi K, Meng Y, Niang A, Mouchel P, Salhi M, Bahloul F, Attia R, Sanchez F 2014 Opt. Lett. 39 6383
Google Scholar
[16] Meng Y, Niang A, Guesmi K, Salhi M, Sanchez F 2014 Opt. Express 22 29921
Google Scholar
[17] Meng Y, Semaan G, Salhi M, Niang A, Guesmi K, Luo Z, Sanchez F 2015 Opt. Express 23 23053
Google Scholar
[18] Yan D, Li X, Zhang S, Han M, Han H, Yang Z 2016 Opt. Express 24 739
Google Scholar
[19] 窦志远, 田金荣, 李克轩, 于振华, 胡梦婷, 霍明超, 宋晏蓉 2015 64 064206
Google Scholar
Dou Z Y, Tian J R, Li K X, Yu Z H, Hu M T, Huo M C, Song Y R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 064206
Google Scholar
[20] Li D, Shen D, Li L, Tang D, Su L, Zhao L 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 1222
Google Scholar
[21] Zheng Z, Ouyang D, Ren X, Wang J, Pei J, Ruan S 2019 Photon. Res. 7 513
Google Scholar
[22] Du T, Li W, Ruan Q, Wang K, Chen N, Luo Z 2018 Appl. Phys. Express 11 052701
Google Scholar
[23] Zheng X W, Luo Z C, Liu H, Zhao N, Ning Q Y, Liu M, Feng X H, Xing X B, Luo A P, Xu W C 2014 Appl. Phys. Express 7 042701
Google Scholar
[24] Jeong Y, Vazquezzuniga L A, Lee S, Kwon Y 2014 Opt. Fiber Technol. 20 575
Google Scholar
[25] Zhao K, Wang P, Ding Y, Yao S, Gui L, Xiao X, Yang C 2019 Appl. Phys. Express 12 012002
Google Scholar
[26] 陈家旺, 赵鹭明 2017 激光与光电子学进展 54 110002
Chen J W, Zhao L M 2017 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 54 110002
[27] 金鑫鑫, 李雷, 罗娇林, 葛颜绮, 张倩, 赵鹭明 2015 激光与光电子学进展 52 121902
Jin X X, Li L, Luo J L, Ge Y Q, Zhang Q, Zhao L M 2015 Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 52 121902
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