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Microwave waveforms, such as square waveforms, sawtooth waveforms and triangle waveforms are widely used in radar communication, electronic measurement and medical imaging and so on. Using photonic microwave technology to generate arbitrary microwave waveforms has been a research hotspot. In this paper, a photonic microwave waveform generation scheme based on dual-wavelength time domain synthesis is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Used in this scheme mainly are two lasers, two single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators, a wavelength division multiplexer and a tunable optical delay line. The two Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively biased at different operating points. When two beams with different wavelengths are superimposed in the time domain, different microwave waveform outputs can be generated. Therefore, by adjusting the bias voltage and modulation depth of the modulator, the phase and amplitude of the modulated optical signal can be controlled, and finally the photonic microwave waveform is generated. At first, the generation mechanism of square waveform, sawtooth waveform and triangle waveform are analyzed, and the comparisons among ideal square waveform, sawtooth waveform, triangle waveform and their third-order waveforms are made through the simulation analysis. It is verified that third-order waveforms become close to the ideal waveforms. Since the proposed scheme produces higher-order components, and the waveforms of the first three orders are the same as the ideal waveforms, so the scheme has good waveform generation capability. And then square waveform, sawtooth waveform and triangle waveform with a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz are successfully generated experimentally. Thus, experimental results are well consistent with the theoretical analyses. In addition, the system also has good tunable characteristics. By changing the modulation frequency of the modulator, the frequency tuning of the output photonic microwave waveforms can be realized, and square waveform, sawtooth waveform and triangular waveform with a repetition rate of 5 GHz are also experimentally achieved. The repetition rate of the generated microwave waveform is mainly limited by the bandwidth of modulator and electrophotonic detector, so the devices with higher bandwidth can be used to generate arbitrary waveform with a higher repetition rate. Therefore, the scheme has good application prospects. -
Keywords:
- photonic microwave /
- microwave waveform generator /
- time-domain synthesis /
- Mach-Zehnder modulation
[1] Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Bhamber R S, Turitsyn S K 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication Brussels, Belgium, September 21−25, 2008 p Mo.3.F.4
[2] Bhamber R S, Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Turitsyn S K 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication Brussels, Belgium, September 21−25, 2008 p Th.1.B.2
[3] Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Bhamber R S, Turitsyn S K 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 1492
Google Scholar
[4] Tonda-Goldstein S, Monsterleet A, Dolfi D, Huignard J P, Sape P, Chazelas J 2002 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Awaji, Japan, November 5−8, 2002 p136
[5] Yao J P 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 3723
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[8] Li W Z, Kong F Q, Yao J P 2013 J. Lightwave Technol. 31 3780
Google Scholar
[9] Jiang H Y, Yan L S, Sun Y F, Ye J, Pan W, Luo B, Zou X H 2013 Opt. Express 21 6488
Google Scholar
[10] Wang C, Yao J P 2010 J. Lightwave Technol. 28 1652
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[12] Willits J T, Weiner A M, Cundiff S T 2008 Opt. Express 16 315
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[22] Chen W J, Zhu D, Chen Z W, Pan S L 2016 Opt. Express 24 28606
Google Scholar
[23] Li J, Hao Z, Pei L, Ning T G, Zheng J J 2017 Chin. Opt. Lett. 15 090603
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[24] Li X R, Wen A J, Tu Z Y, Xiu Z G 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 7398
Google Scholar
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图 1 基于双波长时域合成技术的微波波形发生器原理图, 图中LD为激光器, WDM为波分复用器, PC为偏振控制器, OC为3 dB光耦合器, MZM为马赫-曾德尔调制器, ODL为光延时线, AMP为微波放大器
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the proposed microwave waveform generator based on dual-wavelength time domain synthesis technology. LD, laser diode; WDM, wavelength division multiplexer; PC, polarization controller; OC, 3 dB optical coupler; MZM, Mach-Zehnder modulator; ODL, optical delay line; AMP, amplifier.
图 2
$\beta = 2.30$ 时生成的三阶方波(实线)与理想方波(虚线)的波形图Figure 2. Comparison of ideal square waveform (dotted line) and three-order square waveform with β of 2.3 (solid line).
图 3 三阶锯齿波(实线)与理想锯齿波(虚线)的波形图
Figure 3. Comparison of ideal sawtooth waveform (dotted line and three-order sawtooth waveform (solid line).
图 4
$\beta = 1.51$ 时生成的三角波(实线)与理想三角波(虚线)的波形图Figure 4. Comparison of ideal triangle waveform (dotted line) and three-order triangle waveform with β of 1.511 (solid line).
图 5 2.5 GHz重复频率的方波信号 (a), (b)时域波形图; (c)频谱图
Figure 5. (a), (b) Generated square waveform with a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz, and (c) its spectrum.
图 6 MZM2的输出端的倍频信号 (a) 时域波形图; (b) 频谱图
Figure 6. (a) Generated double-frequency waveform and (b) its spectrum in output port of MZM2.
图 7 2.5 GHz重复频率的锯齿波信号 (a) 时域波形图; (b) 频谱图
Figure 7. (a) Generated sawtooth waveform with a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz, and (b) its spectrum.
图 8 2.5 GHz重复频率的反向对称锯齿波信号 (a)时域波形图; (b)频谱图
Figure 8. (a) Generated reverse sawtooth waveform with a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz, and (b) its spectrum.
图 9 2.5 GHz重复频率的三角波信号 (a)时域波形图; (b)频谱图
Figure 9. (a) Generated triangular waveform with a repetition rate of 2.5 GHz, and (b) its spectrum.
图 10 5 GHz重复频率的(a)方波信号, (b)三角波信号, (c)三角波信号时域波形图
Figure 10. Generated (a) square waveform, (b) sawtooth waveform, (c) triangular waveform with a repetition rate of 5 GHz.
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[1] Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Bhamber R S, Turitsyn S K 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication Brussels, Belgium, September 21−25, 2008 p Mo.3.F.4
[2] Bhamber R S, Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Turitsyn S K 2008 34th European Conference on Optical Communication Brussels, Belgium, September 21−25, 2008 p Th.1.B.2
[3] Latkin A I, Boscolo S, Bhamber R S, Turitsyn S K 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 1492
Google Scholar
[4] Tonda-Goldstein S, Monsterleet A, Dolfi D, Huignard J P, Sape P, Chazelas J 2002 International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics Awaji, Japan, November 5−8, 2002 p136
[5] Yao J P 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 3723
Google Scholar
[6] Chou J, Han Y, Jalali B 2003 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 15 581
Google Scholar
[7] Rashidinejad A, Weiner A M 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 3383
Google Scholar
[8] Li W Z, Kong F Q, Yao J P 2013 J. Lightwave Technol. 31 3780
Google Scholar
[9] Jiang H Y, Yan L S, Sun Y F, Ye J, Pan W, Luo B, Zou X H 2013 Opt. Express 21 6488
Google Scholar
[10] Wang C, Yao J P 2010 J. Lightwave Technol. 28 1652
Google Scholar
[11] Fontaine N K, Geisler D J, Scott R P, He T, Heritage J P, Yoo S J B 2010 Opt. Express 18 22988
Google Scholar
[12] Willits J T, Weiner A M, Cundiff S T 2008 Opt. Express 16 315
Google Scholar
[13] Huang C B, Jiang Z, Leaird D, Caraquitena J, Weiner A 2008 Laser Photonics Rev. 2 227
Google Scholar
[14] Liu W, Yao J 2014 J. Lightwave Technol. 32 3637
Google Scholar
[15] Gao Y, Wen A, Zheng H, Liang D, Lin L 2016 Opt. Express 24 12524
Google Scholar
[16] Li J, Zhang X, Hraimel B, Ning T, Pei L, Wu K 2012 J. Lightwave Technol. 30 1617
Google Scholar
[17] Zhu D, Yao J 2015 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27 1410
Google Scholar
[18] Li W, Wang W T, Zhu N H 2014 IEEE Photonics J. 6 1
[19] 张华芳, 王文睿, 于晋龙, 王菊, 杨恩泽 2016 65 224203
Google Scholar
Zhang H F, Wang W R, Yu J L, Wang J, Yang E Z 2016 Acta. Phys. Sin. 65 224203
Google Scholar
[20] Jiang Y, Ma C, Bai G, Jia Z, Zi Y, Cai S 2015 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 27 1725
Google Scholar
[21] Jiang Y, Ma C, Bai G F, Qi X S, Tang Y L, Jia Z R, Zi Y J, Huang F Q 2015 Opt. Express 23 19442
Google Scholar
[22] Chen W J, Zhu D, Chen Z W, Pan S L 2016 Opt. Express 24 28606
Google Scholar
[23] Li J, Hao Z, Pei L, Ning T G, Zheng J J 2017 Chin. Opt. Lett. 15 090603
Google Scholar
[24] Li X R, Wen A J, Tu Z Y, Xiu Z G 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 7398
Google Scholar
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