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To further improve the absorption of thin-film silicon solar cells (TFSSCs), it is essential to understand what kind of texture morphology could present the best light trapping effect, or rather, which structural parameter plays the most important role, and offers the required lateral feature size, height or others. In this paper, the influences of structural parameters of conical two-dimensional photonic crystal (2D PC) on each-layer absorption of the microcrystalline silicon thin film solar cells are numerically studied by using the finite-difference time-domain method when 2D PC is introduced into the intrinsic layer. The results show that both the intrinsic absorption and parasitic absorption are significantly enhanced via introduction of 2D PC into the intrinsic layer. The parasitic absorption is mainly caused by the ITO layer, and the intrinsic absorption shows a sinusoidal fluctuation with the increase of period. It is found that the aspect ratio (height/period) of the 2D PC has a decisive influence on the cell intrinsic absorption. When the period of the 2D PC is less than 1m, the intrinsic absorption first increases and then decreases with the increase of the aspect ratio, and reaches a maximum value with an aspect ratio of 1. For the case of period larger than 1m, the aspect ratio needed to obtain the maximum result is smaller than 1. What is more, the larger the period, the smaller the aspect ratio for maximizing the intrinsic absorption will be. The peak intrinsic absorption can be obtained when a 2D PC with a period of 0.5m and an aspect ratio of 1 is introduced. Compared with that of the flat cell, the short-circuited current density of the above optimized 2D PC cell can be significantly enhanced by 5.8 mA/cm2(from 21.9 to 27.8 mA/cm2), corresponding to a relative enhancement of 27%. In order to improve antireflection performance, it is critical to adopt a textured front-surface morphology where the aspect ratio is higher than 1/2. In addition, the intrinsic absorption increases with the increasing fill factor, and reaches a maximum value when the fill factor of the 2D PC is close to 0.9. The research results of this paper break through the traditional viewpoint of light trapping mechanism which points out that the light trapping effect is mainly dependent on the lateral feature size of the texture, and provide an important guide for obtaining optimized random or periodic texture via experiment.
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Keywords:
- thin-film silicon solar cells /
- two-dimensional photonic crystal /
- light trapping /
- optical absorption enhancement
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[19] Sai H, Saito K, Kondo M 2013 IEEE J. Photovolt. 3 5
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[21] Dewan R, Shrestha S, Jovanov V, Hupkes J, Bittkau K, Knipp D 2015 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 143 183
[22] Soh H J, Yoo J, Kim D 2012 Sol. Energy 86 2095
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[24] Kawamoto Y, Tanaka Y, Ishizaki K, de Zoysa M, Asano T, Noda S 2014 IEEE J. Photovolt. 6 4700110
[25] Gomard G, Peretti R, Callard S, Meng X, Artinyan R, Deschamps T, Roca I, Cabarrocas P, Drouard E, Seassal C 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 051119
[26] Tamang A, Sai H, Jovanov V, Hossain M I, Matsubara K, Knipp D 2016 Prog. Photovoltaics 24 379
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[28] Fisker C, Pedersen T G 2013 Opt. Express 21 208
[29] Chen P Z, Hou G F, Zhang J J, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 064508
[30] Curtin B, Biswas R, Dalal V 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 231102
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[1] Shah A V, Schade H, Vanecek M, Meier J, Vallat-Sauvain E, Wyrsch N, Kroll U, Droz C, Bailat J 2004 Prog. Photovoltaics 12 113
[2] Moulin E, Bittkau K, Ghosh M, Bugnon G, Stuckelberger M, Meier M, Haug F J, Hupkes J, Ballif C 2016 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 145 185
[3] Muller J, Rech B, Springer J, Vanecek M 2004 Sol. Energy 77 917
[4] Andreani L C, Bozzola A, Kowalczewski P, Liscidini M 2015 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 135 78
[5] Isabella O 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation (Delft: Delft University of Technology)
[6] Hsu C M, Battaglia C, Pahud C, Ruan Z C, Haug F J, Fan S H, Ballif C, Cui Y 2012 Adv. Energy. Mater. 2 628
[7] Tan H, Santbergen R, Smets A H M, Zeman M 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4070
[8] Chen P Z, Hou G F, Fan Q H, Ni J, Zhang J J, Huang Q, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2015 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 143 435
[9] Yan B, Yue G, Sivec L, Owens-Mawson J, Yang J, Guha S 2012 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 104 13
[10] Yan B, Yue G, Sivec L, Yang J, Guha S 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 113512
[11] Sai H, Matsui T, Matsubara K, Kondo M, Yoshida I 2014 IEEE J. Photovolt. 4 1349
[12] Sai H, Matsui T, Saito K, Kondo M, Yoshida I 2015 Prog. Photovoltaics 23 1572
[13] Lin Y Y, Xu Z, Yu D L, Lu L F, Yin M, Tavakoli M M, Chen X Y, Hao Y Y, Fan Z Y, Cui Y X 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 10929
[14] Tanaka Y, Ishizaki K, Zoysa M D, Umeda T, Kawamoto Y, Fujita S, Noda S 2015 Prog. Photovoltaics 23 1475
[15] Ishizaki K, de Zoysa M, Tanaka Y, Umeda T, Kawamoto Y, Noda S 2015 Opt. Express 23 1040
[16] Wang Y, Zhang X, Bai L, Huang Q, Wei C, Zhao Y 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 263508
[17] Tan H R, Psomadaki E, Isabella O, Fischer M, Babal P, Vasudevan R, Zeman M, Smets A H M 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 173905
[18] Tan H, Moulin E, Si F T, Schuttauf J W, Stuckelberger M, Isabella O, Haug F J, Ballif C, Zeman M, Smets A H M 2015 Prog. Photovoltaics 23 949
[19] Sai H, Saito K, Kondo M 2013 IEEE J. Photovolt. 3 5
[20] Moulin E, Steltenpool M, Boccard M, Garcia L, Bugnon G, Stuckelberger M, Feuser E, Niesen B, van Erven R, Schuttauf J W 2014 IEEE J. Photovolt. 4 1177
[21] Dewan R, Shrestha S, Jovanov V, Hupkes J, Bittkau K, Knipp D 2015 Sol. Energ. Mat. Sol. C 143 183
[22] Soh H J, Yoo J, Kim D 2012 Sol. Energy 86 2095
[23] Kawamoto Y, Tanaka Y, Ishizaki K, de Zoysa M, Asano T, Noda S 2015 Opt. Express 23 896
[24] Kawamoto Y, Tanaka Y, Ishizaki K, de Zoysa M, Asano T, Noda S 2014 IEEE J. Photovolt. 6 4700110
[25] Gomard G, Peretti R, Callard S, Meng X, Artinyan R, Deschamps T, Roca I, Cabarrocas P, Drouard E, Seassal C 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 051119
[26] Tamang A, Sai H, Jovanov V, Hossain M I, Matsubara K, Knipp D 2016 Prog. Photovoltaics 24 379
[27] Shi Y, Wang X, Liu W, Yang T, Ma J, Yang F 2014 Opt. Express 22 20473
[28] Fisker C, Pedersen T G 2013 Opt. Express 21 208
[29] Chen P Z, Hou G F, Zhang J J, Zhang X D, Zhao Y 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 064508
[30] Curtin B, Biswas R, Dalal V 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 231102
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