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One main factor of restricting industrial crystalline solar cell efficiency is the optical losses caused by the metal front side contacts, including the absorption loss and reflection loss. Based on screen-printed and screen-printed seed layers thickened by light-induced electroplating solar cells, in this paper various cases of optical losses due to the metal contacts are analyzed. Taking into account the reflections in the air-glass interface and the edge regions of metal contacts, the optical losses are simulated by assuming approximately half-oval cross-section of metal contacts. The results show that the effective width ratio is about 40% of the metal contact geometry width. By measuring and calculating the reflection spectra of different types of samples, the optical losses of the metal front side contacts of solar cells are obtained in theoretical simulation and experimental measurement. The corresponding theory and the experimental results are in good agreement with each other.
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Keywords:
- optical losses /
- effective width ratio /
- light-induced electroplating /
- reflection spectra
[1] Wang N N, Yu J S, Zang Y, Jiang Y D 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 038602
[2] Zhou Y H, Yang Z F, Wu W C, Xia H J, Wen S P, Tian W J 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2136
[3] Liu X D, Xu Z, Zhang F J, Zhao S L, Zhang T H, Gong W, Song J L, Kong C, Yan G, Xu X R 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 118601
[4] Glunz S W, Knobloch J, Biro D, Wettling W 1997 Proceedings of the 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Barcelona, Spain, 1997 p392
[5] Mette A, Schetter C, Wissen D, Lust S, Glunz S, Willeke G 2006 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Waikoloa, Hawaii, 2006 p1056
[6] Blakers A 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 71 5237
[7] Luo Z H, Tang D S, Hai K, Yu F, Chen Y Q, He X W, Peng Y H, Yuan H J, Yang Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 026102
[8] Ding P, Liu F M, Zhou C C, Zhong W W, Zhang H, Cai L G, Zeng L G 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 118102
[9] Stuckings M, Blakers A 1999 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 59 233
[10] Wu J H, Yuan J M 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5283
[11] You H L, Zhang C F 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 349
[12] You H L, Zhang C F 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2096
[13] Wu J F, Zhang C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 034201
[14] Wu J F, Zhang C M, Zhang Y T, Liu H C, Zhai X J 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 2504
[15] Ouyang Q Y, Zhang X R, Jiang L, Chang Q, Wang Y X, Song Y L 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 1810
[16] Shi Y L, Zhou Q L, Zhang C L 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5511
[17] Shi P, Cao G W, Li Y P 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 074201
[18] Tao R C, Yu T J, Jia C Y, Chen Z Z, Qin Z X, Zhang G Y 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2603
[19] Liu Z M, Liu W Q, Gao M G, Tong G G, Zhang T S, Xu L, Wei X L 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 4184
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[1] Wang N N, Yu J S, Zang Y, Jiang Y D 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 038602
[2] Zhou Y H, Yang Z F, Wu W C, Xia H J, Wen S P, Tian W J 2007 Chin. Phys. 16 2136
[3] Liu X D, Xu Z, Zhang F J, Zhao S L, Zhang T H, Gong W, Song J L, Kong C, Yan G, Xu X R 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 118601
[4] Glunz S W, Knobloch J, Biro D, Wettling W 1997 Proceedings of the 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Barcelona, Spain, 1997 p392
[5] Mette A, Schetter C, Wissen D, Lust S, Glunz S, Willeke G 2006 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion Waikoloa, Hawaii, 2006 p1056
[6] Blakers A 2009 J. Appl. Phys. 71 5237
[7] Luo Z H, Tang D S, Hai K, Yu F, Chen Y Q, He X W, Peng Y H, Yuan H J, Yang Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 026102
[8] Ding P, Liu F M, Zhou C C, Zhong W W, Zhang H, Cai L G, Zeng L G 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 118102
[9] Stuckings M, Blakers A 1999 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 59 233
[10] Wu J H, Yuan J M 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5283
[11] You H L, Zhang C F 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 349
[12] You H L, Zhang C F 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2096
[13] Wu J F, Zhang C M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 034201
[14] Wu J F, Zhang C M, Zhang Y T, Liu H C, Zhai X J 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 2504
[15] Ouyang Q Y, Zhang X R, Jiang L, Chang Q, Wang Y X, Song Y L 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 1810
[16] Shi Y L, Zhou Q L, Zhang C L 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 5511
[17] Shi P, Cao G W, Li Y P 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 074201
[18] Tao R C, Yu T J, Jia C Y, Chen Z Z, Qin Z X, Zhang G Y 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 2603
[19] Liu Z M, Liu W Q, Gao M G, Tong G G, Zhang T S, Xu L, Wei X L 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 4184
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