Graphene-silicon hybrid photonic integrated circuits

Xiao Ting-Hui; Yu Yang; Li Zhi-Yuan

doi:10.7498/aps.66.217802

Abstract

Silicon photonics is considered as a promising technology to realize high-performance photonic integrated circuits, owing to its complementary metal oxide semiconductor-compatibility which is applicable for large-scale integration at low cost. However, due to the limitation of optoelectronic properties of silicon, the challenge to the realization of high-performance active device on the silicon integrated platform still exists. The recent development of graphene-silicon hybrid photonic integrated circuit provides a practical solution to this problem, because graphene, as a superior two-dimensional material, possesses many advantageous optoelectronic properties, such as high mobility, high electro-optical coefficient, and broadband absorption, which can be fully exploited to break through the material limitation of silicon. Moreover, compared with other active integrated materials such as germanium and compound semiconductors, graphene is cost-effective and can be conveniently integrated with silicon photonic device. Here, we review some important research progress of graphene-silicon hybrid photonic integrated circuits that include optical sources, optical waveguides, optical modulators, and photodetectors. The challenges and prospects of these devices are also analyzed, which are expected to be beneficial to the relevant research communities.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China;
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
3.
School of Physics and Optoelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

Corresponding author: Li Zhi-Yuan, phzyli@scut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB632704) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11434017).

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[50]	Guo X, Wang W, Nan H, Yu Y, Jiang J, Zhao W, Li J, Zafar Z, Xiang N, Ni Z, Hu W, You Y, Ni Z 2016 Optica 3 1066
[51]	Wang X M, Gan X T 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 034203

Cited By

[1]	Geim A K 2009 Science 324 1530
[2]	Novoselov K S, Fal'ko V I, Colombo L, Gellert P R, Schwab M G, Kim K 2012 Nature 490 192
[3]	Geim A K, Novoselov K S 2007 Nat. Mater. 6 183
[4]	Bonaccorso F, Sun Z, Hasan T, Ferrari A C 2010 Nat. Photon. 4 611
[5]	Bao Q L, Loh K P 2012 ACS Nano 6 3677
[6]	Thomson D, Zilkie A, Bowers J E, Komljenovic T, Reed G T, Vivien L, Marris-Morini D, Cassan E, Virot L, Fdli J M, Hartmann J M, Schmid J H, Xu D X, Boeuf F, OBrien P, Mashanovich G Z, Nedeljkovic M 2016 J. Opt. 18 073003
[7]	Li Z Y 2015 EPL 110 14001
[8]	Wang C, Zhong X L, Li Z Y 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 674
[9]	Jalali B, Fathpour S 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 4600
[10]	Fan L, Wang J, Varghese L T, Shen H, Niu B, Xuan Y, Weiner A M, Qi M H 2012 Science 335 447
[11]	Roelkens G, Liu L, Liang D, Jones R, Fang A, Koch B, Bowers J 2010 Laser Photon. Rev. 4 751
[12]	Liu M, Zhang X 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 851
[13]	Freitag M, Chiu H Y, Steiner M, Perebeinos V, Avouris P 2010 Nat. Nanotechnol. 5 497
[14]	Lawton L M, Mahlmeister N H, Luxmoore I J, Nash G R 2014 AIP Adv. 4 087139
[15]	Lui C H, Mak K F, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 127404
[16]	Kim Y D, Kim H, Cho Y, Ryoo J H, Park C H, Kim P, Kim Y S, Lee S, Li Y, Park S N, Yoo Y S, Yoon D, Dorgan V E, Pop E, Heinz T F, Hone J, Chun S H, Cheong H, Lee S W, Bae M H, Park Y D 2015 Nat. Nanotechnol. 10 676
[17]	Shiue R J, Gao Y D, Peng C, Tan C, Efetov D K, Kim D, Home J, Englund D 2016 Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics San Jose, United States, June 5-10, 2016 paper STu4F.5
[18]	Kaminer I, Katan Y T, Buljan H, Shen Y C, Ilic O, Lopez J J, Wong L J, Joannopoulos J D, Soljacic M 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 11880
[19]	Cox J D, Marini A, de Abajo F J G 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14380
[20]	Yoshikawa N, Tamaya T, Tanaka K 2017 Science 356 736
[21]	Pan D Y, Zhang J C, Li Z, Wu M H 2010 Adv. Mater. 22 734
[22]	Liu M, Yin X B, Ulin-Avila E, Geng B S, Zentgraf T, Ju L, Wang F, Zhang X 2011 Nature 474 64
[23]	Li H, Anugrah Y, Koester S J, Li M 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 111110
[24]	Cheng Z Z, Tsang H K, Wang X M, Xu K, Xu J B 2014 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 20 4400106
[25]	Liu K, Zhang J F, Xu W, Zhu Z H, Guo C C, Li X J, Qin S Q 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 16734
[26]	Zheng J, Yu L, He S, Dai D 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 7987
[27]	Xiao T H, Cheng Z, Goda K 2017 Nanotechnology 28 245201
[28]	Song S C, Chen Q, Jin L, Sun F H 2013 Nanoscale 5 9615
[29]	Liu F L, Chong Y D, Adam S, Polini M 2014 2D Mater. 1 031001
[30]	Kakenov N, Balci O, Takan T, Ozkan V A, Akan H, Kocabas C 2016 ACS Photon. 3 1531
[31]	Hendry E, Hale P J, Moger J, Savchenko A K, Mikhailov S A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 097401
[32]	Wu R, Zhang Y L, Yan S C, Bian F, Wang W L, Bai X D, Lu X H, Zhao J M, Wang E G 2011 Nano Lett. 11 5159
[33]	Avetissian H K, Mkrtchian G F 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 045419
[34]	Jablan M, Buljan H, Soljacic M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 245435
[35]	Koppens F H L, Chang D E, de Abajo F J G 2011 Nano Lett. 11 3370
[36]	Grigorenko A N, Polini M, Novoselov K S 2012 Nat. Photon. 6 749
[37]	Yan S Q, Zhu X L, Frandsen L H, Xiao S S, Mortensen N A, Dong J J, Ding Y H 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14411
[38]	Xiao T H, Gan L, Li Z Y 2015 Photon. Res. 3 300
[39]	Majumdar A, Kim J, Vuckovic J, Wang F 2013 Nano Lett. 13 515
[40]	Qiu C, Gao W, Vajtai R, Ajayan P M, Kono J, Xu Q 2014 Nano Lett. 14 6811
[41]	Ding Y, Zhu X, Xiao S, Hu H, Frandsen L H, Mortensen N A, Yvind K 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4393
[42]	Shi Z, Gan L, Xiao T H, Guo H L, Li Z Y 2015 ACS Photon. 2 1513
[43]	Bi W H, Wang Y Y, Fu G W, Wang X Y, Li C L 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 047801 (in Chinese) [毕卫红, 王圆圆, 付广伟, 王晓愚, 李彩丽 2016 65 047801]
[44]	Jin Q, Dong H M, Han K, Wang X F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 237801 (in Chinese) [金芹, 董海明, 韩奎, 王雪峰 2015 64 237801]
[45]	Gan X T, Shiue R J, Gao Y D, Meric I, Heinz T F, Shepard K, Hone J, Assefa S, Englund D 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 883
[46]	Pospischil A, Humer M, Furchi M M, Bachmann D, Guider R, Fromherz T, Mueller T 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 892
[47]	Wang X M, Cheng Z Z, Xu K, Tsang H K, Xu J B 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 888
[48]	Liu C H, Chang Y C, Norris T B, Zhong Z H 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 273
[49]	Goykhman I, Sassi U, Desiatov B, Mazurski N, Milana S, de Fazio D, Eiden A, Khurgin J, Shappir J, Levy U, Ferrari A C 2016 Nano Lett. 16 3005
[50]	Guo X, Wang W, Nan H, Yu Y, Jiang J, Zhao W, Li J, Zafar Z, Xiang N, Ni Z, Hu W, You Y, Ni Z 2016 Optica 3 1066
[51]	Wang X M, Gan X T 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 034203

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Vol. 66, Issue 21 - 2017-11-05

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