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Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is one of the most promising super-resolution techniques, owing to its advantages of fast imaging speed and weak photo bleaching. The quality of the SIM image is greatly dependent on the contrast of the sinusoidal fringe illumination patterns. Low fringe contrast illumination will seriously affect the super-resolution result and lead to additional artifacts. The generation of fringe patterns with high contrast is the key requirement in hardware for the SIM technique. This can be done by the interference of two laser beams diffracted from the phase gratings addressed on a spatial light modulator. Meanwhile, for maximal interference contrast, precise polarization control to maintain s-polarization for different fringe orientations is critical. In this paper, we review several typical polarization control methods in SIM, and propose a new method by using a zero-order vortex half-wave retarder (VHR). Compared with the other methods, the presented VHR-based polarization control method is very efficient in terms of simple system configuration, ease of use, and high light energy utilization efficiency near to 100%.
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Keywords:
- structured illumination microscopy /
- super-resolution /
- polarization control /
- zero-order vortex half-wave retarder
[1] Abbe E 1873 Arc. F. Mikr. Anat. 9 413
[2] Conchello J A, Lichtman J W 2005 Nat. Methods 2 920
[3] Wicker K, Sindbert S, Heintzmann R 2009 Opt. Express 17 15491
[4] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[5] Klar T A, Hell S W 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 954
[6] Betzig E, Patterson G H, Sougrat R, Lindwasser O W, Olenych S, Bonifacino J S, Davidson M W, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Hess H F 2006 Science 313 1642
[7] Huang F, Hartwich T M P, Riveramolina F E, Lin Y, Duim W C, Long J J, Uchil P D, Myers J R, Baird M A, Mothes W 2013 Nat. Methods 10 653
[8] Huang B, Wang W, Bates M, Zhuang X 2008 Science 319 810
[9] Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X 2006 Nat. Methods 3 793
[10] Heintzmann R, Cremer C G 1999 Proceedings of SPIE Stockholm, Sweden, January 19, 1999 p1399
[11] Gustafsson M G, Agard D A, Sedat J W 2000 Proceedings of SPIE San Jose, USA, May 2, 2000 p141
[12] Shao L, Kner P, Rego E H, Gustafsson M G 2011 Nat. Methods 8 1044
[13] Schermelleh L, Carlton P M, Haase S, Shao L, Winoto L, Kner P, Burke B, Cardoso M C, Agard D A, Gustafsson M G 2008 Science 320 1332
[14] Shao L, Isaac B, Uzawa S, Agard D A, Sedat J W, Gustafsson M G 2008 Biophys. J. 94 4971
[15] Gustafsson M G 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Scis 102 13081
[16] Li D, Shao L, Chen B C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Moses B, Milkie D E, Beach J R, Pasham M 2015 Science 349 aab3500
[17] Shroff S A, Fienup J R, Williams D R 2009 J. Opt. Soc.Am. A: Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 26 413
[18] Wicker K 2013 Opt. Express 21 24692
[19] Zhou X, Lei M, Dan D, Yao B, Yang Y, Qian J, Chen G, Bianco P R 2016 J. Biomed. Opt. 21 96009
[20] Kner P, Chhun B, Griffis E, Winoto L, Gustafsson M G 2009 Nat. Methods 6 339
[21] Fster R, Luwalther H W, Jost A, Kielhorn M, Kai W, Heintzmann R 2014 Opt. Express 22 20663
[22] Wen L H, Martin K, Fster R, Jost A, Kai W, Rainer H 2015 Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 3 014001
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[1] Abbe E 1873 Arc. F. Mikr. Anat. 9 413
[2] Conchello J A, Lichtman J W 2005 Nat. Methods 2 920
[3] Wicker K, Sindbert S, Heintzmann R 2009 Opt. Express 17 15491
[4] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[5] Klar T A, Hell S W 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 954
[6] Betzig E, Patterson G H, Sougrat R, Lindwasser O W, Olenych S, Bonifacino J S, Davidson M W, Lippincott-Schwartz J, Hess H F 2006 Science 313 1642
[7] Huang F, Hartwich T M P, Riveramolina F E, Lin Y, Duim W C, Long J J, Uchil P D, Myers J R, Baird M A, Mothes W 2013 Nat. Methods 10 653
[8] Huang B, Wang W, Bates M, Zhuang X 2008 Science 319 810
[9] Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X 2006 Nat. Methods 3 793
[10] Heintzmann R, Cremer C G 1999 Proceedings of SPIE Stockholm, Sweden, January 19, 1999 p1399
[11] Gustafsson M G, Agard D A, Sedat J W 2000 Proceedings of SPIE San Jose, USA, May 2, 2000 p141
[12] Shao L, Kner P, Rego E H, Gustafsson M G 2011 Nat. Methods 8 1044
[13] Schermelleh L, Carlton P M, Haase S, Shao L, Winoto L, Kner P, Burke B, Cardoso M C, Agard D A, Gustafsson M G 2008 Science 320 1332
[14] Shao L, Isaac B, Uzawa S, Agard D A, Sedat J W, Gustafsson M G 2008 Biophys. J. 94 4971
[15] Gustafsson M G 2005 Proc. Natl. Acad. Scis 102 13081
[16] Li D, Shao L, Chen B C, Zhang X, Zhang M, Moses B, Milkie D E, Beach J R, Pasham M 2015 Science 349 aab3500
[17] Shroff S A, Fienup J R, Williams D R 2009 J. Opt. Soc.Am. A: Opt. Image Sci. Vis. 26 413
[18] Wicker K 2013 Opt. Express 21 24692
[19] Zhou X, Lei M, Dan D, Yao B, Yang Y, Qian J, Chen G, Bianco P R 2016 J. Biomed. Opt. 21 96009
[20] Kner P, Chhun B, Griffis E, Winoto L, Gustafsson M G 2009 Nat. Methods 6 339
[21] Fster R, Luwalther H W, Jost A, Kielhorn M, Kai W, Heintzmann R 2014 Opt. Express 22 20663
[22] Wen L H, Martin K, Fster R, Jost A, Kai W, Rainer H 2015 Methods Appl. Fluoresc. 3 014001
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