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In the last few decades, nanoscience and nanotechnology have been growing with breath taking speed, and how to break through the diffraction limit and tame the light on a nanoscale have become the major challenges in optics. In this field, several super-resolution optical nanoscopy techniques have been developed, leading to a series of breakthroughs in physics, chemistry, and life sciences. In the work, we give a retrospect of the newly developed techniques in diffraction theory of linear optical systems, including the solid immersion lens, structured light illumination microscopy, scanning near-field optical microscopy, metamaterial-based wide field near-field imaging technique and super-oscillatory lens. Brief discussion on their principles, advantages and applications is also provided.
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Keywords:
- diffraction limit /
- spatial frequency /
- super-resolution
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[2] Abbe E 1873 Archiv fr Mikroskopische Anatomie 9 413
[3] Borm M, Wolf E 1980 Principle of Optics (New York: Pergamon)
[4] Synge E H 1928 Phil. Mag. 6 356
[5] Novotny L, Hecht B 2012 Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[6] Betzig E, Trautman J K, Harris T D, et al. 1991 Science 251 1468
[7] Betzig E, Trautman J K 1992 Science 257 189
[8] Ash E A, Nicholls G 1972 Nature 237 510
[9] Lewis A, Isaacson M, Harootunian A, Muray A 1984 Ultramicroscopy 13 227
[10] Pohl D W, Denk W, Lanz M 1984 Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 651
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[14] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[15] Taubner T, Korobkin D, Urzhumov Y, et al. 2006 Science 313 1595
[16] Smolyaninov II, Hung Y J, Davis C C 2007 Science 315 1699
[17] Gustafsson M G L 2000 J. Microsc. 198 82
[18] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[19] Betzig E, et al. 2006 Science 313 1642
[20] Rogers E T F, et al. 2012 Nat. Materials 11 432
[21] Hell S W 2007 Science 316 1153
[22] Jones S A, Shim S H, He J, Zhuang X W 2011 Nat. Methods 8 499
[23] Pohl D W, Kawata S 2001 Near-Field Optics and Surface Plasmon Polaritons (Germany: Springer-Verlag)
[24] Serrels K A, Ramsay E, Dalgarno P A, et al. 2008 J. Nanophoton. 2 021854
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[26] Terris B D, Mamin H J, Rugar D 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 388
[27] Ghislain L P, Elings V B 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 501
[28] Wu Q, Feke C D, Crober R D 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 4064
[29] Ippolito S B, Goldberg B B, Unlu M S 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 4071
[30] Liu Z H, et al. 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 071905
[31] Serrels K A, et al. 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 311
[32] Lee J Y, et al. 2009 Nature 460 498
[33] Mason D R, Jouravlev M V, Kim K S 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2007
[34] Wang Z, et al. 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 218
[35] Lukosz W, Marchand M 1963 J. Mod. Opt. 10 241
[36] Heintzmann R, Cremer C 1999 Proc. SPIE 3568 185
[37] Frohn J T, Knapp H F, Stemmer A 2000 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97 7232
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[41] Schermelleh L, et al. 2008 Science 320 1332
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[43] Kner P, et al. 2009 Nat. Methods 6 339
[44] Planchon T A, et al. 2011 Nat. Methods 8 417
[45] Demmerle J, et al. 2017 Nat. Protoc. 12 988
[46] Weisenburger S, Sandoghdar V 2015 Contemp. Phys. 56 123
[47] De Wilde Y, et al. 2006 Nature 444 740
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[49] Betzig E, Chichester R J 1993 Science 262 1422
[50] Trautman J K, et al. 1994 Nature 369 40
[51] Xie X S, Dunn R C 1994 Science 265 361
[52] Matsuda K, et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 177401
[53] Moerland R J, van Hulst N F 2005 Opt. Express 13 1604
[54] Taminiau T H, et al. 2007 Nano Lett. 7 28
[55] Rotenberg N, Kuipers L 2014 Nat. Photon. 8 919
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[57] Balistreri M, et al. 2001 Science 294 1080
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[59] Veerman J A, et al. 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 3115
[60] Dunn R C 1999 Chem. Rev. 99 2891
[61] Knoll B, Keilmann F 1999 Nature 399 134
[62] Snchez E J, Novotny L, Xie X S 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4014
[63] Gerton J M, et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93180801
[64] Anger P, Bharadwaj P, Novotny L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 113002
[65] Hppener C, Novotny L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 642
[66] Eghlidi H, et al. 2009 Nano Lett. 9 4007
[67] Tam F, et al. 2007 Nano Lett. 7 496
[68] Wientjes E, et al. 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4236
[69] Kneipp K, et al. 2002 J. Phys. 14 R597
[70] Anderson M S 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 3130
[71] Hayazawa N, et al. 2000 Opt. Commun. 183 333
[72] Stckle R M, et al. 2000 Chem. Phys. Lett. 318 131
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[79] Neacsu C C, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 193406
[80] Pettinger B, et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 096101
[81] Steidtner J, Pettinger B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 236101
[82] Zhang R, et al. 2013 Nature 498 82
[83] Knoll B, Keilmann F 2000 Opt. Commun. 182 321
[84] Keilmann F, Hillenbrand R 2004 Philos. Trans. A 362 787
[85] Huth F, et al. 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 352
[86] Huth F, et al. 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3973
[87] Amenabar I, et al. 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2890
[88] Huth F, et al. 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1065
[89] Hermann P, et al. 2014 Opt. Express 22 17948
[90] Chen J, et al. 2012 Nature 487 77
[91] Fei Z, et al. 2012 Nature 487 82
[92] Dai S, et al. 2014 Science 343 1125
[93] Li P, et al. 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7507
[94] Jaque D, Vetrone F 2012 Nanoscale 4 430
[95] Michaelis J, et al. 2000 Nature 405 325
[96] Ebenstein Y, Mokari T, Banin U 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 93
[97] Wagner C, et al. 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 026101
[98] Khn S, et al. 2001 J. Microsc. 202 2
[99] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[100] Luo X G, Ishihara T 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 4780
[101] Liu Z W, et al. 2007 Science 315 1686
[102] Xiong Y, Liu Z, Zhang X 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 203108
[103] Ren G, et al. 2013 Plasmonics 8 1065
[104] Gao P, et al. 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 093110
[105] Ono A, Kato J, Kawata S 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 267407
[106] Ikonen P, et al. 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 104102
[107] Shvets G, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 053903
[108] Han S, et al. 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4243
[109] Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 43
[110] Tsang M, Psaltis D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 035122
[111] Li J, et al. 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3128
[112] Smolyaninov II, et al. 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 057401
[113] Hu H, Ma C, Liu Z 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 113107
[114] Wei F F, Liu Z W 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2531
[115] Yuan G, Wang Q, Yuan X 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2715
[116] Berry M V, Popescu S 2006 J. Phys. A 39 6965
[117] Ferreira P J S G, Kempf A 2006 IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 54 3732
[118] Huang F M, et al. 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 091119
[119] Huang F M, Zheludev N I 2009 Nano Lett. 9 1249
[120] Rogers E T F, et al. 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 031108
[121] Baumgartl J, et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 181109
[122] Kosmeier S, et al. 2011 J. Opt. 13 105707
[123] Tang D L, et al. 2015 Laser Photon. Rev. 9 713
[124] Zhang Y, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 183901
[125] Liu D, Zhang Y, Wen J, et al. 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6134
[126] Huang B, Bates M, Zhuang X W 2009 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78 993
[127] Chen B C, et al. 2014 Science 346 439
[128] Legant W R, et al. 2016 Nat. Methods 13 359
[129] Wang H, Han S, Kolobov M I 2012 Opt. Express 20 23235
[130] Nair R, Tsang M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 190801
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[1] Bradbury S 1967 The Evolution of the Microscope (London: Pregamon Press Ltd.)
[2] Abbe E 1873 Archiv fr Mikroskopische Anatomie 9 413
[3] Borm M, Wolf E 1980 Principle of Optics (New York: Pergamon)
[4] Synge E H 1928 Phil. Mag. 6 356
[5] Novotny L, Hecht B 2012 Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[6] Betzig E, Trautman J K, Harris T D, et al. 1991 Science 251 1468
[7] Betzig E, Trautman J K 1992 Science 257 189
[8] Ash E A, Nicholls G 1972 Nature 237 510
[9] Lewis A, Isaacson M, Harootunian A, Muray A 1984 Ultramicroscopy 13 227
[10] Pohl D W, Denk W, Lanz M 1984 Appl. Phys. Lett. 44 651
[11] Binnig G R H 1981 IBM J. Res. Dev. 30 355
[12] Thomas A K, Hell S W 1999 Opt. Lett. 24 954
[13] Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X 2006 Nat. Methods 3 793
[14] Fang N, Lee H, Sun C, Zhang X 2005 Science 308 534
[15] Taubner T, Korobkin D, Urzhumov Y, et al. 2006 Science 313 1595
[16] Smolyaninov II, Hung Y J, Davis C C 2007 Science 315 1699
[17] Gustafsson M G L 2000 J. Microsc. 198 82
[18] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[19] Betzig E, et al. 2006 Science 313 1642
[20] Rogers E T F, et al. 2012 Nat. Materials 11 432
[21] Hell S W 2007 Science 316 1153
[22] Jones S A, Shim S H, He J, Zhuang X W 2011 Nat. Methods 8 499
[23] Pohl D W, Kawata S 2001 Near-Field Optics and Surface Plasmon Polaritons (Germany: Springer-Verlag)
[24] Serrels K A, Ramsay E, Dalgarno P A, et al. 2008 J. Nanophoton. 2 021854
[25] Mansfield S M, Kino G S 1990 Appl. Phys. Lett. 57 2615
[26] Terris B D, Mamin H J, Rugar D 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 388
[27] Ghislain L P, Elings V B 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 74 501
[28] Wu Q, Feke C D, Crober R D 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 4064
[29] Ippolito S B, Goldberg B B, Unlu M S 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 78 4071
[30] Liu Z H, et al. 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 87 071905
[31] Serrels K A, et al. 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 311
[32] Lee J Y, et al. 2009 Nature 460 498
[33] Mason D R, Jouravlev M V, Kim K S 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2007
[34] Wang Z, et al. 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 218
[35] Lukosz W, Marchand M 1963 J. Mod. Opt. 10 241
[36] Heintzmann R, Cremer C 1999 Proc. SPIE 3568 185
[37] Frohn J T, Knapp H F, Stemmer A 2000 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 97 7232
[38] Gustafsson M G L, Agard D A, Sedat J W 2000 Proc. SPIE 3919 141
[39] Neil M A A, Juskaitis R, Wilson T 1997 Opt. Lett. 22 1905
[40] Gustafsson M G L., et al. 2008 Biophys. J. 94 4957
[41] Schermelleh L, et al. 2008 Science 320 1332
[42] Gustafsson M G L 2005 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 102 13081
[43] Kner P, et al. 2009 Nat. Methods 6 339
[44] Planchon T A, et al. 2011 Nat. Methods 8 417
[45] Demmerle J, et al. 2017 Nat. Protoc. 12 988
[46] Weisenburger S, Sandoghdar V 2015 Contemp. Phys. 56 123
[47] De Wilde Y, et al. 2006 Nature 444 740
[48] Betzig E, Finn P, Weiner J 1992 Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 2484
[49] Betzig E, Chichester R J 1993 Science 262 1422
[50] Trautman J K, et al. 1994 Nature 369 40
[51] Xie X S, Dunn R C 1994 Science 265 361
[52] Matsuda K, et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 177401
[53] Moerland R J, van Hulst N F 2005 Opt. Express 13 1604
[54] Taminiau T H, et al. 2007 Nano Lett. 7 28
[55] Rotenberg N, Kuipers L 2014 Nat. Photon. 8 919
[56] Reddick R, Warmack R, Ferrell T 1989 Phys. Rev. B 39 767
[57] Balistreri M, et al. 2001 Science 294 1080
[58] Balistreri M, et al. 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 294
[59] Veerman J A, et al. 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 3115
[60] Dunn R C 1999 Chem. Rev. 99 2891
[61] Knoll B, Keilmann F 1999 Nature 399 134
[62] Snchez E J, Novotny L, Xie X S 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4014
[63] Gerton J M, et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93180801
[64] Anger P, Bharadwaj P, Novotny L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 113002
[65] Hppener C, Novotny L 2008 Nano Lett. 8 642
[66] Eghlidi H, et al. 2009 Nano Lett. 9 4007
[67] Tam F, et al. 2007 Nano Lett. 7 496
[68] Wientjes E, et al. 2014 Nat. Commun. 5 4236
[69] Kneipp K, et al. 2002 J. Phys. 14 R597
[70] Anderson M S 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 3130
[71] Hayazawa N, et al. 2000 Opt. Commun. 183 333
[72] Stckle R M, et al. 2000 Chem. Phys. Lett. 318 131
[73] Hartschuh A., et al. 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 095503
[74] Ren B, Picardi G, Pettinger B 2004 Rev. Sci. Instru. 75 837
[75] Yeo B S, et al. 2007 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387 2655
[76] Zhang W, et al. 2007 J. Phys. Chem. C 111 1733
[77] Ichimura T, et al. 2007 J. Phys. Chem. C 111 9460
[78] Domke K F, Zhang D, Pettinger B 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 147217
[79] Neacsu C C, et al. 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 193406
[80] Pettinger B, et al. 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 096101
[81] Steidtner J, Pettinger B 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 236101
[82] Zhang R, et al. 2013 Nature 498 82
[83] Knoll B, Keilmann F 2000 Opt. Commun. 182 321
[84] Keilmann F, Hillenbrand R 2004 Philos. Trans. A 362 787
[85] Huth F, et al. 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 352
[86] Huth F, et al. 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3973
[87] Amenabar I, et al. 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2890
[88] Huth F, et al. 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1065
[89] Hermann P, et al. 2014 Opt. Express 22 17948
[90] Chen J, et al. 2012 Nature 487 77
[91] Fei Z, et al. 2012 Nature 487 82
[92] Dai S, et al. 2014 Science 343 1125
[93] Li P, et al. 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7507
[94] Jaque D, Vetrone F 2012 Nanoscale 4 430
[95] Michaelis J, et al. 2000 Nature 405 325
[96] Ebenstein Y, Mokari T, Banin U 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 93
[97] Wagner C, et al. 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 026101
[98] Khn S, et al. 2001 J. Microsc. 202 2
[99] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[100] Luo X G, Ishihara T 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 4780
[101] Liu Z W, et al. 2007 Science 315 1686
[102] Xiong Y, Liu Z, Zhang X 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 203108
[103] Ren G, et al. 2013 Plasmonics 8 1065
[104] Gao P, et al. 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 106 093110
[105] Ono A, Kato J, Kawata S 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 267407
[106] Ikonen P, et al. 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 104102
[107] Shvets G, et al. 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 053903
[108] Han S, et al. 2008 Nano Lett. 8 4243
[109] Kildishev A V, Shalaev V M 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 43
[110] Tsang M, Psaltis D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 035122
[111] Li J, et al. 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 3128
[112] Smolyaninov II, et al. 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 057401
[113] Hu H, Ma C, Liu Z 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 113107
[114] Wei F F, Liu Z W 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2531
[115] Yuan G, Wang Q, Yuan X 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 2715
[116] Berry M V, Popescu S 2006 J. Phys. A 39 6965
[117] Ferreira P J S G, Kempf A 2006 IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc. 54 3732
[118] Huang F M, et al. 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 091119
[119] Huang F M, Zheludev N I 2009 Nano Lett. 9 1249
[120] Rogers E T F, et al. 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 031108
[121] Baumgartl J, et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 181109
[122] Kosmeier S, et al. 2011 J. Opt. 13 105707
[123] Tang D L, et al. 2015 Laser Photon. Rev. 9 713
[124] Zhang Y, et al. 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 183901
[125] Liu D, Zhang Y, Wen J, et al. 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 6134
[126] Huang B, Bates M, Zhuang X W 2009 Annu. Rev. Biochem. 78 993
[127] Chen B C, et al. 2014 Science 346 439
[128] Legant W R, et al. 2016 Nat. Methods 13 359
[129] Wang H, Han S, Kolobov M I 2012 Opt. Express 20 23235
[130] Nair R, Tsang M 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 190801
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