Ultrafast spectroscopic study for singlet fission

Zhang Bo; Zhang Chun-Feng; Li Xi-You; Wang Rui; Xiao Min

doi:10.7498/aps.64.094210

Abstract

Singlet fission is a spin-allowed process that creates two triplet excitons from one photo-excited singlet exciton in organic semiconductors. This process of carrier multiplication holds the great potential to break the theoretical efficiency limit in single-junction solar cells by making better use of high-energy photons, while capturing lower-energy photons in the usual style. Photovoltaic devices based on singlet fission have achieved external quantum efficiencies in excess of 100%. In this paper, we first introduce the basic concept about singlet fission and review the history of the field briefly. Then, we report some reflent advances in the reflearch of singlet fission progress with the combination of our group’s productions. Tetracene and pentacene are chosen as typical polyacene materials for discuss. We describe how scientists make progresses in understanding the underlying physics in singlet fission process. The experimental methods of transient absorption spectra, time-resolved fluorescence spectra and time-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra render numerous results for analysis. Moreover, a survey about the debate on the direct or indirect mechanism with transient optical study is provided. It has been verified that multiexciton state intermediates in singlet fission process and the factors of energy level alignments, intermolecular interaction as well as lattice vibrations play a role in it. Last, we briefly summarize the implications of singlet fission in organic solar devices by introducing several composite architectures for singlet-fission photovoltaics. Designing efficient and cheap solar cells is the ultimate goal for understanding the intrinsic photophysics of singlet fission. To obtain high efficiencies, it is important to adapt proper materials and new organic/inorganic architectures may become a promising direction. Also, finding a way for efficient triplet exciton dissociation should be considered seriously. It is believable that these guidelines can lead to the development of cheap and efficient fission-based devices.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
2.
Department of Science, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266580, China;
3.
Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2013CB932903, 2012CB921801), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 91233103, 61108001, 11227406, 11321063).

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Cited By

[1]	Shockley W, Queisser H J 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[2]	Wrfel P 1997 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 46 43
[3]	O’Dwyer M F, Humphrey T, Lewis R A, Zhang C 2008 Microelectron. J. 39 656
[4]	Conibeer G, Jiang C W, König D, Shrestha S, Walsh T, Green M 2008 Thin Solid Films 516 6968
[5]	Ellingson R J, Beard M C, Johnson J C, Yu P R, Micic O I, Nozik A J, Shabaev A, Efros A L 2005 Nano Lett. 5 865
[6]	Beard M C, Knutsen K P, Yu P R, Luther J M, Song Q, Metzger W K, Ellingson R J, Nozik A J 2007 Nano Lett. 7 2506
[7]	Nozik A J, Beard M C, Luther J M, Law M, Ellingson R J, Johnson J C 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6873
[8]	Hanna M, Nozik A 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 074510
[9]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Wang R, Tan Z A, Liu Y L, Guo W, Zhai X L, Cao Y, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3462
[10]	Schaller R D, Klimov V I 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 186601
[11]	Xiao J, Wang Y, Hua Z, Wang X Y, Zhang C F, Xiao M 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 1170
[12]	Smith M B, Michl J 2010 Chem. Rev. 110 6891
[13]	Smith M B, Michl J 2013 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 64 361
[14]	Singh S, Jones W, Siebrand W, Stoicheff B, Schneider W 1965 J. Chem. Phys. 42 330
[15]	Swenberg C, Stacy W 1968 Chem. Phys. Lett. 2 327
[16]	Merrifield R, Avakian P, Groff R 1969 Chem. Phys. Lett. 3 155
[17]	Geacintov N, Pope M, Vogel F 1969 Phys. Rev. Lett. 22 593
[18]	Merrifield R 1971 Pure Appl. Chem. 27 481
[19]	Jundt C, Klein G, Sipp B, Le Moigne J, Joucla M, Villaeys A 1995 Chem. Phys. Lett. 241 84
[20]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Schoeller W W, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 14240
[21]	Ma L, Zhang K K, Kloc C, Sun H D, Michel-Beyerle M E, Gurzadyan G G 2012 PCCP 14 8307
[22]	Piland G B, Burdett J J, Kurunthu D, Bardeen C J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 1224
[23]	Walker B J, Musser A J, Beljonne D, Friend R H 2013 Nat. Chem. 5 1019
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[25]	Lanzani G, Stagira S, Cerullo G, De Silvestri S, Comoretto D, Moggio I, Cuniberti C, Musso G, Dellepiane G 1999 Chem. Phys. Lett. 313 525
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[31]	Tabachnyk M, Ehrler B, Gélinas S, Böhm M L, Walker B J, Musselman K P, Greenham N C, Friend R H, Rao A 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 1033
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[34]	Greyson E C, Vura-Weis J, Michl J, Ratner M A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14168
[35]	Zimmerman P M, Zhang Z Y, Musgrave C B 2010 Nat. Chem. 2 648
[36]	Zimmerman P M, Bell F, Casanova D, Head-Gordon M 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 19944
[37]	Zimmerman P M, Musgrave C B, Head-Gordon M 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1339
[38]	Chan W L, Ligges M, Jailaubekov A, Kaake L, Miaja-Avila L, Zhu X Y 2011 Science 334 1541
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[45]	Burdett J J, Mller A M, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2010 J. Chem. Phys. 133 144506
[46]	Lee J, Jadhav P, Baldo M 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 033301
[47]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Hodgkiss J M, Albert-Seifried S, Basler H, Friend R H 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 12698
[48]	Schwerin A F, Johnson J C, Smith M B, Sreearunothai P, Popovic D, Černyý J ii, Havlas Z, Paci I, Akdag A, MacLeod M K 2009 J. Phys. Chem. A 114 1457
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[50]	Akdag A, Havlas Z k, Michl J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 14624
[51]	Eaton S W, Shoer L E, Karlen S D, Dyar S M, Margulies E A, Veldkamp B S, Ramanan C, Hartzler D A, Savikhin S, Marks T J 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 14701
[52]	Mller A M, Avlasevich Y S, Mllen K, Bardeen C J 2006 Chem. Phys. Lett. 421 518
[53]	Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1290
[54]	Thorsmølle V K, Averitt R D, Demsar J, Smith D, Tretiak S, Martin R, Chi X, Crone B, Ramirez A, Taylor A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 017401
[55]	Roberts S T, McAnally R E, Mastron J N, Webber D H, Whited M T, Brutchey R L, Thompson M E, Bradforth S E 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 6388
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[62]	Silva C 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 884
[63]	Marciniak H, Fiebig M, Huth M, Schiefer S, Nickel B, Selmaier F, Lochbrunner S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 176402
[64]	Grumstrup E M, Johnson J C, Damrauer N H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 257403
[65]	Camposeo A, Polo M, Tavazzi S, Silvestri L, Spearman P, Cingolani R, Pisignano D 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 033306
[66]	Rao A, Wilson M W, Albert-Seifried S, Di Pietro R, Friend R H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195411
[67]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Clark J, Kumar R S S, Brida D, Cerullo G, Friend R H 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 11830
[68]	Burdett J J, Gosztola D, Bardeen C J 2011 J. Chem. Phys. 135 214508
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[70]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Johnson K, Ge 靗 inas S, di Pietro R, Clark J, Friend R H 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 16680
[71]	Wilson M W, Rao A, Ehrler B, Friend R H 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1330
[72]	Birech Z, Schwoerer M, Schmeiler T, Pflaum J, Schwoerer H 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 140 114501
[73]	Zhang B, Zhang C F, Xu Y Q, Wang R, He B, Liu Y L, Zhang S M, Wang X Y, Xiao M 2014 J. Chem. Phys. 141 244303
[74]	Wu Y S, Liu K, Liu H Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H L, Yao J N, Fu H B 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 3451
[75]	Tomkiewicz Y, Groff R, Avakian P 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 54 4504
[76]	Swenberg C, Ratner M, Geacintov N 1974 J. Chem. Phys. 60 2152
[77]	Kepler R 1960 Phys. Rev. 119 1226
[78]	Helfrich W, Schneider W 1965 Phys. Rev. Lett. 14 229
[79]	Marciniak H, Pugliesi I, Nickel B, Lochbrunner S 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 235318
[80]	Johnson J C, Reilly III T H, Kanarr A C, van de Lagemaat J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 6871
[81]	Kuhlman T S, Kongsted J, Mikkelsen K V, Møller K B, Sølling T I 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 3431
[82]	Chabr M, Wild U, Fnfschilling J, Zschokke-Gränacher I 1981 Chem. Phys. 57 425
[83]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 8597
[84]	Suna A 1970 Phys. Rev. B 1 1716
[85]	Voigt M, Langner A, Schouwink P, Lupton J, Mahrt R, Sokolowski M 2007 J. Chem. Phys. 127 114705
[86]	Burdett J J, Bardeen C J 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1312
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[88]	Greyson E C, Stepp B R, Chen X D, Schwerin A F, Paci I, Smith M B, Akdag A, Johnson J C, Nozik A J, Michl J 2009 J. Phys. Chem. B 114 14223
[89]	Venuti E, Della Valle R G, Farina L, Brillante A, Masino M, Girlando A 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 104106
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