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An underwater acoustic communication scheme using intrinsic dolphin sounds is proposed to overcome the sound exposure derived from traditional fixed carrier modulation for covert communication in this paper. The communication signal can be detected but it could easily be excluded in the process of recognition/classification by an adversary. This is because the signal resembles dolphin sounds. Properties of dolphin sounds are investigated in this paper. Synchronization in this scheme is achieved by using dolphin whistles while dolphin clicks are used as information carrier. The time interval between dolphin clicks conveys information. Channel equalization is performed by passive time reversal mirror technique, whereas channel estimation is done through matching pursuit method under the theory of compressive sensing. The efficiency and feasibility of the proposed method are verified by lake trial. The received signal and emission mimic bio-signal are very similar. Bit error rate less than 10-4 is achieved above 29 bps to a distance of about 2 km.
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Keywords:
- underwater acoustic communication /
- bionic /
- dolphin /
- covert
[1] Sozer E M, Stojanovic M, Proakis J G 2000 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 25 72
[2] [3] van Walree P A, Leus G 2009 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 34 645
[4] [5] van Walree P A, Sangfelt E, Leus G 2008 Oceans 2008 Quebec City, Canada, September 15-18 2008 p264
[6] [7] Ling J, He H, Li J A, Roberts W, Stoica P 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 2898
[8] Leus G, van Walree P A 2008 IEEE J. Sel. Area Commun. 26 1662
[9] [10] [11] Leus G, van Walree P, Boschma J, Fanciullacci C, Gerritsen H, Tusoni P, 2008 Oceans 2008 Quebec City, Canada, September 15-18 2008 p391
[12] [13] Clausen K T, Wahlberg M, Beedholm K, Deruiter S, Madsen P T 2010 Bioacoustics Inter. J.A.S. Rec. 20 1
[14] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y L, Hui J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王逸林, 惠娟 2007 56 56]
[15] [16] [17] Stojanovic M, Catipovic J A, Proakis J G 1994 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 19 100
[18] [19] Donoho D L 2006 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52 1289
[20] Candes E J, Romberg J, Tao T 2006 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52 489
[21] [22] [23] Cotter S F, Rao B D 2002 IEEE Trans. Commun. 50 374
[24] [25] Yin J W, Wang Y L, Wang L, Hui J Y 2009 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 1302
[26] [27] Lammers M O, Au W W L, Herzing D L 2003 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 1629
[28] [29] Sims P Q, Vaughn R, Hung S K, Wuersia B 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 EL48
[30] [31] Yin J W, Zhang X, Sheng X L, Sun C 2012 Acta Commun. 6 121 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 张晓, 生雪莉, 孙超 2012 通信学报 6 121]
[32] Siderius M, Porter M B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 137
[33] [34] -
[1] Sozer E M, Stojanovic M, Proakis J G 2000 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 25 72
[2] [3] van Walree P A, Leus G 2009 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 34 645
[4] [5] van Walree P A, Sangfelt E, Leus G 2008 Oceans 2008 Quebec City, Canada, September 15-18 2008 p264
[6] [7] Ling J, He H, Li J A, Roberts W, Stoica P 2010 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 2898
[8] Leus G, van Walree P A 2008 IEEE J. Sel. Area Commun. 26 1662
[9] [10] [11] Leus G, van Walree P, Boschma J, Fanciullacci C, Gerritsen H, Tusoni P, 2008 Oceans 2008 Quebec City, Canada, September 15-18 2008 p391
[12] [13] Clausen K T, Wahlberg M, Beedholm K, Deruiter S, Madsen P T 2010 Bioacoustics Inter. J.A.S. Rec. 20 1
[14] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y L, Hui J 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王逸林, 惠娟 2007 56 56]
[15] [16] [17] Stojanovic M, Catipovic J A, Proakis J G 1994 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 19 100
[18] [19] Donoho D L 2006 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52 1289
[20] Candes E J, Romberg J, Tao T 2006 IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 52 489
[21] [22] [23] Cotter S F, Rao B D 2002 IEEE Trans. Commun. 50 374
[24] [25] Yin J W, Wang Y L, Wang L, Hui J Y 2009 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 1302
[26] [27] Lammers M O, Au W W L, Herzing D L 2003 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 114 1629
[28] [29] Sims P Q, Vaughn R, Hung S K, Wuersia B 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 EL48
[30] [31] Yin J W, Zhang X, Sheng X L, Sun C 2012 Acta Commun. 6 121 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 张晓, 生雪莉, 孙超 2012 通信学报 6 121]
[32] Siderius M, Porter M B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 137
[33] [34]
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