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By taking advantage of spread processing gain, the direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) for underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system can be carried out at low signal levels, which is the preferred method for high-quality UWA communication and remote UWA communication. However, phase fluctuation caused by complex marine environment seriously affects the performance of spread spectrum system, leading to the reduction of spread processing gain. Differential energy detector is proposed for DSSS UWA communication system in this paper, which has a good ability of anti-carrier phase fluctuation and multi-path interference by detecting the output energy of two correlators. Differential coding can avoid error propagation when determining the relationship between adjacent symbols. Differential energy detector combined with improved active average sound intensity detector is further proposed in this paper, which can get vector processing gain by updating the estimated azimuth so as to make the system operate stably at a low signal to noise ratio. Improved active average sound intensity detector also has the ability of anti-carrier phase fluctuation, and the feedback code bit information of differential energy detector can ensure that the processing gain of improved active average sound intensity detector is not affected by Doppler's accumulation. Simulation and Dalian sea test have verified the robustness of single vector differential energy detector algorithm. Using the single-vector differential energy detector, good performance is achieved for a signal-to-noise ratio as low as -18 dB based on at-sea data.
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Keywords:
- underwater acoustic communication /
- single vector /
- differential energy detector /
- active average sound intensity
[1] Stojanovic M, James P 2009 IEEE Commun. Mag. 47 84
[2] Yang T C 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 129
[3] Yin J W 2011 Principle of Acoustic Communication and Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p20 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟 2011 水声通信原理及信号处理技术 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第20页]
[4] Ye P C, Pan G 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066401
[5] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[6] Yang T C, Yang W B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 3632
[7] Yang T C, Yang W B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123 842
[8] Stojanovic M, Freitag L 2000 OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition Providence, USA, September 11-14, 2000 p123
[9] Zhou H Y, Li L F, Chen K, Tong F 2012 J. Electron. Inform. Technol. 34 1685 (in Chinese) [周跃海, 李芳兰, 陈楷, 童峰 2012 电子与信息学报 34 1685]
[10] Nehorai A, Paldi E 1994 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42 2481
[11] Song A J, Abdi A, Badiey M, Hursky P 2011 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 36 454
[12] D'Spain G L, Hodgkiss W S, Edmonds G L 2001 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 16 195
[13] Hawkes M, Nehorai A 2001 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 26 337
[14] Yin J W, Yang S, Du P Y, Yu Y, Chen Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064302 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 杨森, 杜鹏宇, 余赟, 陈阳 2011 61 064302]
[15] Hui J Y, Hui J 2009 Vector Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p24 (in Chinese) [惠俊英, 惠娟 2009 矢量声信号处理基础 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第24页] ewline
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[1] Stojanovic M, James P 2009 IEEE Commun. Mag. 47 84
[2] Yang T C 2012 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131 129
[3] Yin J W 2011 Principle of Acoustic Communication and Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p20 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟 2011 水声通信原理及信号处理技术 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第20页]
[4] Ye P C, Pan G 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066401
[5] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[6] Yang T C, Yang W B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124 3632
[7] Yang T C, Yang W B 2008 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123 842
[8] Stojanovic M, Freitag L 2000 OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition Providence, USA, September 11-14, 2000 p123
[9] Zhou H Y, Li L F, Chen K, Tong F 2012 J. Electron. Inform. Technol. 34 1685 (in Chinese) [周跃海, 李芳兰, 陈楷, 童峰 2012 电子与信息学报 34 1685]
[10] Nehorai A, Paldi E 1994 IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 42 2481
[11] Song A J, Abdi A, Badiey M, Hursky P 2011 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 36 454
[12] D'Spain G L, Hodgkiss W S, Edmonds G L 2001 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 16 195
[13] Hawkes M, Nehorai A 2001 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 26 337
[14] Yin J W, Yang S, Du P Y, Yu Y, Chen Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 064302 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 杨森, 杜鹏宇, 余赟, 陈阳 2011 61 064302]
[15] Hui J Y, Hui J 2009 Vector Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p24 (in Chinese) [惠俊英, 惠娟 2009 矢量声信号处理基础 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第24页] ewline
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