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The fluctuation of sea surface and the Doppler effect cause carrier phase fluctuations of received signal, and the multipath expansion of the underwater acoustic channel makes received signal distorted, which can seriously influence the decoding performance of the cyclic shift spread spectrum system. In this paper, we propose cyclic shift energy detector (CS-ED) algorithm for cyclic shift keying spread spectrum system, which can solve the problem about the influence of carrier phase fluctuation by detecting the output energy of cyclic shift matched filter. The CS-ED combined with time reversal mirror is further proposed and analyzed in this paper by using a time-updated channel impulse-response estimate as a (match) filter to do time reversal processing to mitigate the multipath-induced interferences. Time reversal CS-ED method is simple and robust, which can make the system work in low SNR. Dalian Sea test validation and Lianhua lake test validation are carried on, showing that the low bit error rate underwater acoustic communication is achieved under the condition of multi-path extension, carrier phase fluctuation and low signal-to-noise ratio.
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Keywords:
- underwater acoustic communication /
- cyclic shift spread spectrum /
- cyclic shift energy detector /
- time reversal mirror
[1] He J, Huang M G, Li X X, Li H Q, Zhao L, Zhao J D, Li Y, Zhao S L 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 104102
[2] Yu X T, Zhang Z C, Xu J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 010303
[3] Kilfoyle D B, Baggeroer A B 2000 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 25 4
[4] Dogandzic A, Nehorai A 2002 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 50 457
[5] LeBlanc L R, Beaujean P P J 2000 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 25 40
[6] Ye P C, Pan G 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066401
[7] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[8] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064302 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2013 62 064302]
[9] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234301 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2012 61 234301]
[10] Freitag L, Stojanovic M 2004 OCEANS'04 Kobe, Japan, November 9-12, 2004 p14
[11] Stojanovic M, Freitag L 2000 OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition Providence, USA, September 11-14, 2000 p123
[12] Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 25
[13] Song H C, Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 3234
[14] Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Kuperman W A, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1999 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 1597
[15] Yin J W, Hui J, Hui J Y, Sheng X L, Yao Z X 2007 Acta Acoust. 32 362 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠娟, 惠俊英, 生雪莉, 姚直象 2007 声学学报 32 362]
[16] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y, Liu Y 2007 J. Syst. Simul. 19 4033 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王燕, 刘洋 2007系统仿真学报 19 4033]
[17] Yin J W 2011 Principle of Acoustic Communication and Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p20 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟 2011 水声通信原理及信号处理技术 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第20页]
[18] Yang T C 2004 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 29 472
[19] Yang T C 2003 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 28 229
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[1] He J, Huang M G, Li X X, Li H Q, Zhao L, Zhao J D, Li Y, Zhao S L 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 104102
[2] Yu X T, Zhang Z C, Xu J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 010303
[3] Kilfoyle D B, Baggeroer A B 2000 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 25 4
[4] Dogandzic A, Nehorai A 2002 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 50 457
[5] LeBlanc L R, Beaujean P P J 2000 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 25 40
[6] Ye P C, Pan G 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066401
[7] He C B, Huang J G, Han J, Zhang Q F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 8379 (in Chinese) [何成兵, 黄建国, 韩晶, 张群飞 2009 58 8379]
[8] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 064302 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2013 62 064302]
[9] Yu Y, Zhou F, Qiao G 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 234301 (in Chinese) [于洋, 周锋, 乔钢 2012 61 234301]
[10] Freitag L, Stojanovic M 2004 OCEANS'04 Kobe, Japan, November 9-12, 2004 p14
[11] Stojanovic M, Freitag L 2000 OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE Conference and Exhibition Providence, USA, September 11-14, 2000 p123
[12] Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 25
[13] Song H C, Kuperman W A, Hodgkiss W S 1998 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103 3234
[14] Hodgkiss W S, Song H C, Kuperman W A, Akal T, Ferla C, Jackson D R 1999 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 105 1597
[15] Yin J W, Hui J, Hui J Y, Sheng X L, Yao Z X 2007 Acta Acoust. 32 362 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠娟, 惠俊英, 生雪莉, 姚直象 2007 声学学报 32 362]
[16] Yin J W, Hui J Y, Wang Y, Liu Y 2007 J. Syst. Simul. 19 4033 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟, 惠俊英, 王燕, 刘洋 2007系统仿真学报 19 4033]
[17] Yin J W 2011 Principle of Acoustic Communication and Signal Processing (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p20 (in Chinese) [殷敬伟 2011 水声通信原理及信号处理技术 (北京: 国防工业出版社) 第20页]
[18] Yang T C 2004 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 29 472
[19] Yang T C 2003 IEEE J. Ocean Eng. 28 229
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