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The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been increasing continuously. This is a big concern with respect to the environment and climate changes and so on. A kind of ground-based low-resolution remote sensing system and a real-time spectral inversion method are presented for the real-time remote sensing column concentration of carbon dioxide. Based on continuous observation of this system in Hefei, the total atmospheric transmittance is real-timely obtained from the solar absorption spectrum. The column concentrations of carbon dioxide and oxygen are inversed from total atmospheric transmittance by line-by-line nonlinear least squares spectral inversion algorithm. The column concentration of oxygen is used as internal standard function to obtain the column average volume mixing ratio of carbon dioxide in total dry air column, and the precision is better than 3%.The average volume mixing ratio of carbon dioxide in dry-air column, from 12: 00 to 15:00 on September 25, 2012, is compared with observation results by Japanese greenhouse-gases satellite over the site in this period, showing that the relative deviation is less than 1%. Obviously, it is an effective way to measure greenhouse gases concentration with high precision and accuracy.
[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis (Geneva: IPCC Secretariat) p2
[2] Keeling C D, Chin J F S, Whorf T P 1996 Nature 382 146
[3] Etheridge D M, Steele L P, Francey R J, Langenfelds R L 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 15979
[4] Cunnold D M, Steele L P, Fraser P J, Simmonds P G, Prinn R G, Weiss R F, Porter L W, O'Doherty S, Langenfelds R L, Krummel P B, Wang H J, Emmons L, Tie X X, Dlugokencky E J 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4225
[5] Hofmann D J, Butler J H, Dlugokencky E J, Elkins J W, Masarie K, Montzka S A, Tans P 2006 Tellus B 58 614
[6] Chen H, Winderlich J, Gerbig C, Hoefer A, Rella C W, Crosson E R, van Pelt A D, Steinbach J, Kolle O, Beck V, Daube B C, Gottlieb E W, Chow V Y, Santoni G W, Wofsy S C 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 375
[7] Saitoh N, Touno M, Hayashida S, Imasu R, Shiomi K, Yokota T, Yoshida Y, Machida T, Matsueda H, Sawa Y 2012 SOLA 8 145
[8] Crisp D, Atlas R M, Breon F M, Brown L R, Burrows J P, Ciais P, Connor B J, Doney S C, Fung I Y, Jacob D J, Miller C E, O'Brien D, Pawson S, Randerson J T, Rayner P, Salawitch R J, Sander S P, Sen B, Stephens G L, Tans P P, Toon G C, Wennberg P O, Wofsy S C, Yung Y L, Kuang Z, Chudasama B, Sprague G, Weiss B, Pollock R, Kenyon D, Schroll S 2004 Adv. Space Res. 34 700
[9] Frankenberg C, Platt U, Wagner T 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 9
[10] Bosch H, Toon G C, Sen B, Washenfelder R A, Wennberg P O, Buchwitz M, Beek R de, Burrows J P, Crisp D, Christi M, Connor B J, Natraj V, Yung Y L 2006 J. Geophys. Res. 111 23302
[11] Hamazaki T, Kaneko Y, Kuze A, Kondo K 2005 SPIE 5659 73
[12] Fu D J, Sung K, Boone C D, Walker K A, Bernath P F 2008 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109 2219
[13] Wunch D, Toon G C, Blavier J F L, Washenfelder R A, Notholt J, Connor B, Griffith D, Wennberg P O 2011 Philos. T.R. Soc. A 369 247
[14] Wunch D, Toon G C, Wennberg P O, Wofsy S C, Stephens B B, Fischer M L, Uchino O, Abshire J B, Bernath P, Biraud S C, Blavier J F L, Boone C, Bowman K P, Browell E V, Campos T, Connor B J, Daube B C, Deutscher N M, Diao M, Elkins J W, Gerbig C, Gottlieb E, Griffith D W T, Hurst D F, Jimnez R, Keppel-Aleks G, Kort E A, Macatangay R, Machida T, Matsueda H, Moore F, Morino I, Park S, Robinson J, Roehl C M, Sawa Y, Sherlock V, Sweeney C, Tanaka T, Zondlo M A 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 248
[15] Petri C, Warneke T, Jones N, Ridder T, Messerschmidt J, Weinzierl T, Geibel M, Notholt J 2012 Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss 5 245
[16] Gisi M, Hase F, Dohe S, Blumenstock T, Simon A, Keens A 2012 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5 2969
[17] Guo R P, Zhan J, Rao R Z 2006 Chin. J. Quan. Electr. 23 738 (in Chinese) [郭瑞鹏, 詹杰, 饶瑞中 2006 量子电子学报 23 738]
[18] Jin L, Gao M G, Liu W Q, Lu Y H, Zhang Y J, Wang Y P, Zhang T S, Xu L, Liu Z M, Chen J 2010 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 30 1478 (in Chinese) [金岭, 高闽光, 刘文清, 陆亦怀, 张玉钧, 王亚萍, 张天舒, 徐亮, 刘志明, 陈军 2010 光谱学与光谱分析 30 1478]
[19] Li A, Xie P H, Liu C, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2859
[20] Wang Y, Xie P H, Li A, Zeng Y, Xu J, Si F Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 114209 (in Chinese) [王杨, 谢品华, 李昂, 曾议, 徐晋, 司福祺 2012 61 114209]
[21] Xu J, Xie P H, Si F Q, Li A, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 024204 (in Chinese) [徐晋, 谢品华, 司福祺, 李昂, 刘文清 2012 61 024204]
[22] Rodgers C D 2000 Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice (1st Ed.) (New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.) p13
[23] Liu Z M, Liu W Q, Gao M G, Tong J J, Zhang T S, Xu L, Wei X L, Jin L, Wang Y P, Chen J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5399 (in Chinese) [刘志明, 刘文清, 高闽光, 童晶晶, 张天舒, 徐亮, 魏秀丽, 金岭, 王亚萍, 陈军 2010 59 5399]
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[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2007 Climate Change 2007: the Physical Science Basis (Geneva: IPCC Secretariat) p2
[2] Keeling C D, Chin J F S, Whorf T P 1996 Nature 382 146
[3] Etheridge D M, Steele L P, Francey R J, Langenfelds R L 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 15979
[4] Cunnold D M, Steele L P, Fraser P J, Simmonds P G, Prinn R G, Weiss R F, Porter L W, O'Doherty S, Langenfelds R L, Krummel P B, Wang H J, Emmons L, Tie X X, Dlugokencky E J 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 4225
[5] Hofmann D J, Butler J H, Dlugokencky E J, Elkins J W, Masarie K, Montzka S A, Tans P 2006 Tellus B 58 614
[6] Chen H, Winderlich J, Gerbig C, Hoefer A, Rella C W, Crosson E R, van Pelt A D, Steinbach J, Kolle O, Beck V, Daube B C, Gottlieb E W, Chow V Y, Santoni G W, Wofsy S C 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 375
[7] Saitoh N, Touno M, Hayashida S, Imasu R, Shiomi K, Yokota T, Yoshida Y, Machida T, Matsueda H, Sawa Y 2012 SOLA 8 145
[8] Crisp D, Atlas R M, Breon F M, Brown L R, Burrows J P, Ciais P, Connor B J, Doney S C, Fung I Y, Jacob D J, Miller C E, O'Brien D, Pawson S, Randerson J T, Rayner P, Salawitch R J, Sander S P, Sen B, Stephens G L, Tans P P, Toon G C, Wennberg P O, Wofsy S C, Yung Y L, Kuang Z, Chudasama B, Sprague G, Weiss B, Pollock R, Kenyon D, Schroll S 2004 Adv. Space Res. 34 700
[9] Frankenberg C, Platt U, Wagner T 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 9
[10] Bosch H, Toon G C, Sen B, Washenfelder R A, Wennberg P O, Buchwitz M, Beek R de, Burrows J P, Crisp D, Christi M, Connor B J, Natraj V, Yung Y L 2006 J. Geophys. Res. 111 23302
[11] Hamazaki T, Kaneko Y, Kuze A, Kondo K 2005 SPIE 5659 73
[12] Fu D J, Sung K, Boone C D, Walker K A, Bernath P F 2008 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109 2219
[13] Wunch D, Toon G C, Blavier J F L, Washenfelder R A, Notholt J, Connor B, Griffith D, Wennberg P O 2011 Philos. T.R. Soc. A 369 247
[14] Wunch D, Toon G C, Wennberg P O, Wofsy S C, Stephens B B, Fischer M L, Uchino O, Abshire J B, Bernath P, Biraud S C, Blavier J F L, Boone C, Bowman K P, Browell E V, Campos T, Connor B J, Daube B C, Deutscher N M, Diao M, Elkins J W, Gerbig C, Gottlieb E, Griffith D W T, Hurst D F, Jimnez R, Keppel-Aleks G, Kort E A, Macatangay R, Machida T, Matsueda H, Moore F, Morino I, Park S, Robinson J, Roehl C M, Sawa Y, Sherlock V, Sweeney C, Tanaka T, Zondlo M A 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 248
[15] Petri C, Warneke T, Jones N, Ridder T, Messerschmidt J, Weinzierl T, Geibel M, Notholt J 2012 Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss 5 245
[16] Gisi M, Hase F, Dohe S, Blumenstock T, Simon A, Keens A 2012 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5 2969
[17] Guo R P, Zhan J, Rao R Z 2006 Chin. J. Quan. Electr. 23 738 (in Chinese) [郭瑞鹏, 詹杰, 饶瑞中 2006 量子电子学报 23 738]
[18] Jin L, Gao M G, Liu W Q, Lu Y H, Zhang Y J, Wang Y P, Zhang T S, Xu L, Liu Z M, Chen J 2010 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 30 1478 (in Chinese) [金岭, 高闽光, 刘文清, 陆亦怀, 张玉钧, 王亚萍, 张天舒, 徐亮, 刘志明, 陈军 2010 光谱学与光谱分析 30 1478]
[19] Li A, Xie P H, Liu C, Liu J G, Liu W Q 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2859
[20] Wang Y, Xie P H, Li A, Zeng Y, Xu J, Si F Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 114209 (in Chinese) [王杨, 谢品华, 李昂, 曾议, 徐晋, 司福祺 2012 61 114209]
[21] Xu J, Xie P H, Si F Q, Li A, Liu W Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 024204 (in Chinese) [徐晋, 谢品华, 司福祺, 李昂, 刘文清 2012 61 024204]
[22] Rodgers C D 2000 Inverse Methods for Atmospheric Sounding: Theory and Practice (1st Ed.) (New Jersey: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.) p13
[23] Liu Z M, Liu W Q, Gao M G, Tong J J, Zhang T S, Xu L, Wei X L, Jin L, Wang Y P, Chen J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5399 (in Chinese) [刘志明, 刘文清, 高闽光, 童晶晶, 张天舒, 徐亮, 魏秀丽, 金岭, 王亚萍, 陈军 2010 59 5399]
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