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Greenhouse effect is one of the main reasons for climate change. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a critical air pollutant because of its short-term harmful health effects. Furthermore, since CO emission has a global warming potential, it exacerbats the climate change as an indirect greenhouse gas. Due to the fact that the number of ground-based stations is less and the chemical model simulation is greatly dependent on assumption, satellite observation becomes the effective way to acquire the information about CO distribution. Sciamachy is the first satellite instrument to allow retrieval of CO by measuring absorption in the near infrared region from reflected and scattered sunlight, which is highly sensitive to the lower layers of the troposphere where the sources, such as biomass burning, are located, and where the bulk of the gases is usually found. In this study the Sciamachy CO vertical column density is successfully inversed; after applying the instrument and cloud correction, yearly and seasonal results are presented. Finally by comparing them with the fire counts of ATSR dataset and the distributions of population density and coal mines, the CO emission sources are preliminary deduced.
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Keywords:
- satellite observation /
- CO /
- cloud effect /
- emission source
[1] Shine K P, Derwent R G, Wuebbles D J, Morcrette J J 1990 The IPCC Scientific Assessnebt (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), pp41-68
[2] Fuglestvedt J S, Isaksen I S A, Wang W C 1996 Climatic Change 34 405 (Heidelberg Allemagne: Springer)
[3] Prather M J 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 2597
[4] Isaksen I S A, Hov O 1987 Tellus B 39B 271
[5] Wild O, Prather M J 2000 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 105 24647
[6] Bovensmann H, Burrows J P, Buchwitz M, Frerick J, Noel S, Rozanov V V, Chance K V, Goede A P H 1999 J. Atmos. Sci. 56 127
[7] Burrows J P, Holzle E, Goede A P H, Visser H, Fricke W 1995 Acta Astronaut 35 445
[8] Buchwitz M, Beek R, Bramstedt K, Noel S, Bovensmann H, Burrows J P 2004 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4 1945
[9] Buchwitz M, Beek R, Noel S, Burrows J P, Bovensmann H, Bremer H, Bergamaschi P, Korner S, Heimann M 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 3313
[10] Gloudemans A M S, Krol M C, Meirink J F, Laat A T J, Werf G R, Schrijver H, Broek M M P, Aben I 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16807
[11] Krijger J M, Van W M, Aben I, Frey R 2007 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 2881
[12] Frankenberg C, Platt U, Wagner T 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 9
[13] Liu C, Beirle S, Butler T, Liu J, Hoor P, Joeckel P, Penning M D V, Pozzer A, Frankenberg C, Lawrence M G, Lelieveld J, Platt U, Wagner T 2011 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 6083
[14] Rodgers C D 1976 Rev. Geophys. 14 609
[15] Perliski L M, Solomon S 1993 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 98 10363
[16] Wagner T, Burrows J P, Deutschmann T, Dix B, Friedeburg C, Frieβ U, Hendrick F, Heue K P, Irie H, Iwabuchi H, Kanaya Y, Keller J, McLinden C A, Oetjen H, Palazzi E, Petritoli A, Platt U, Postylyakovo O, Pukite J, Richter A, van Roozendael M, Rozanov A, Rozanov V, Sinreich R, Sanghavi S, Wittrock F 2007 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 1809
[17] Koelemeijer R B A, Stammes P, Hovenier J W, Haan J F 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3475
[18] Wang P, Stammes P, Van D A R, Pinardi G, Van R M 2008 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 6565
[19] Liu C 2010 Ph. D Dissertation (Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg)
[20] Nakajima T, King M D 1990 J. Atmos. Sci. 47 1878
[21] Justice C O, Vermote E, Townshend J R G, Defries R, Roy D P, Hall D K, Salomonson V V, Privette J L, Riggs G, Strahler A, Lucht W, Myneni R B, Knyazikhin Y, Running S W, Nemani R R, Wan Z M, Huete A R, Van L W, Wolfe R E, Giglio L, Muller J P, Lewis P, Barnsley M J 1998 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote 36 1228
[22] Eskes H J, Boersma K F 2003 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3 1285
[23] Dils B, De Maziere M, Muller J F, Blumenstock T, Buchwitz M, de Beek R, Demoulin P, Duchatelet P, Fast H, Frankenberg C, Gloudemans A, Griffith D, Jones N, Kerzenmacher T, Kramer I, Mahieu E, Mellqvist J, Mittermeier R L, Notholt J, Rinsland C P, Schrijver H, Smale D, Strandberg A, Straume A G, Stremme W, Strong K, Sussmann R, Taylor J, van den Broek M, Velazco V, Wagner T, Warneke T, Wiacek A, Wood S 2006 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 1953
[24] Si F Q, Xie P H, Dou K, Zhan K, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu W Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2867 (in Chinese) [司福祺, 谢品华, 窦科, 詹铠, 刘宇, 徐晋, 刘文清 2010 59 2867]
[25] Sun Y W, Liu W Q, Xie P H, Chen J L, Zeng Y, Xu J, Li A, Si F Q, Li X X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 140705 (in Chinese) [孙友文, 刘文清, 谢品华, 陈嘉乐, 曾议, 徐晋, 李昂, 司福祺, 李先欣 2012 61 140705]
[26] Sun Y W, Liu W Q, Wang S M, Huang S H, Zeng Y, Xie P H, Chen J, Wang Y P, Si F Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 140704 (in Chinese) [孙友文, 刘文清, 汪世美, 黄书华, 曾议, 谢品华, 陈军, 王亚萍, 司福祺 2012 61 140704]
[27] Zhang S N, Luo Z Y, Shen W D, Liu X, Zhang Y G 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 14221 (in Chinese) [张淑娜, 罗震岳, 沈伟东, 刘旭, 章岳光 2011 60 14221]
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[1] Shine K P, Derwent R G, Wuebbles D J, Morcrette J J 1990 The IPCC Scientific Assessnebt (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press), pp41-68
[2] Fuglestvedt J S, Isaksen I S A, Wang W C 1996 Climatic Change 34 405 (Heidelberg Allemagne: Springer)
[3] Prather M J 1996 Geophys. Res. Lett. 23 2597
[4] Isaksen I S A, Hov O 1987 Tellus B 39B 271
[5] Wild O, Prather M J 2000 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 105 24647
[6] Bovensmann H, Burrows J P, Buchwitz M, Frerick J, Noel S, Rozanov V V, Chance K V, Goede A P H 1999 J. Atmos. Sci. 56 127
[7] Burrows J P, Holzle E, Goede A P H, Visser H, Fricke W 1995 Acta Astronaut 35 445
[8] Buchwitz M, Beek R, Bramstedt K, Noel S, Bovensmann H, Burrows J P 2004 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 4 1945
[9] Buchwitz M, Beek R, Noel S, Burrows J P, Bovensmann H, Bremer H, Bergamaschi P, Korner S, Heimann M 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 3313
[10] Gloudemans A M S, Krol M C, Meirink J F, Laat A T J, Werf G R, Schrijver H, Broek M M P, Aben I 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16807
[11] Krijger J M, Van W M, Aben I, Frey R 2007 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 2881
[12] Frankenberg C, Platt U, Wagner T 2005 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5 9
[13] Liu C, Beirle S, Butler T, Liu J, Hoor P, Joeckel P, Penning M D V, Pozzer A, Frankenberg C, Lawrence M G, Lelieveld J, Platt U, Wagner T 2011 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 6083
[14] Rodgers C D 1976 Rev. Geophys. 14 609
[15] Perliski L M, Solomon S 1993 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 98 10363
[16] Wagner T, Burrows J P, Deutschmann T, Dix B, Friedeburg C, Frieβ U, Hendrick F, Heue K P, Irie H, Iwabuchi H, Kanaya Y, Keller J, McLinden C A, Oetjen H, Palazzi E, Petritoli A, Platt U, Postylyakovo O, Pukite J, Richter A, van Roozendael M, Rozanov A, Rozanov V, Sinreich R, Sanghavi S, Wittrock F 2007 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7 1809
[17] Koelemeijer R B A, Stammes P, Hovenier J W, Haan J F 2001 J. Geophys. Res. 106 3475
[18] Wang P, Stammes P, Van D A R, Pinardi G, Van R M 2008 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8 6565
[19] Liu C 2010 Ph. D Dissertation (Heidelberg: University of Heidelberg)
[20] Nakajima T, King M D 1990 J. Atmos. Sci. 47 1878
[21] Justice C O, Vermote E, Townshend J R G, Defries R, Roy D P, Hall D K, Salomonson V V, Privette J L, Riggs G, Strahler A, Lucht W, Myneni R B, Knyazikhin Y, Running S W, Nemani R R, Wan Z M, Huete A R, Van L W, Wolfe R E, Giglio L, Muller J P, Lewis P, Barnsley M J 1998 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote 36 1228
[22] Eskes H J, Boersma K F 2003 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 3 1285
[23] Dils B, De Maziere M, Muller J F, Blumenstock T, Buchwitz M, de Beek R, Demoulin P, Duchatelet P, Fast H, Frankenberg C, Gloudemans A, Griffith D, Jones N, Kerzenmacher T, Kramer I, Mahieu E, Mellqvist J, Mittermeier R L, Notholt J, Rinsland C P, Schrijver H, Smale D, Strandberg A, Straume A G, Stremme W, Strong K, Sussmann R, Taylor J, van den Broek M, Velazco V, Wagner T, Warneke T, Wiacek A, Wood S 2006 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 1953
[24] Si F Q, Xie P H, Dou K, Zhan K, Liu Y, Xu J, Liu W Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 2867 (in Chinese) [司福祺, 谢品华, 窦科, 詹铠, 刘宇, 徐晋, 刘文清 2010 59 2867]
[25] Sun Y W, Liu W Q, Xie P H, Chen J L, Zeng Y, Xu J, Li A, Si F Q, Li X X 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 140705 (in Chinese) [孙友文, 刘文清, 谢品华, 陈嘉乐, 曾议, 徐晋, 李昂, 司福祺, 李先欣 2012 61 140705]
[26] Sun Y W, Liu W Q, Wang S M, Huang S H, Zeng Y, Xie P H, Chen J, Wang Y P, Si F Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 140704 (in Chinese) [孙友文, 刘文清, 汪世美, 黄书华, 曾议, 谢品华, 陈军, 王亚萍, 司福祺 2012 61 140704]
[27] Zhang S N, Luo Z Y, Shen W D, Liu X, Zhang Y G 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 14221 (in Chinese) [张淑娜, 罗震岳, 沈伟东, 刘旭, 章岳光 2011 60 14221]
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