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We propose a novel tunable photonic crystal (PC) waveguide Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) based on nematic liquid crystals (LCs) 5CB and investigate its interference properties numerically by using the finite-difference time-domain method. We can change the refractive index of LC by rotating the directors of the LC molecules. The line defect modes of the PC waveguide with different liquid crystal refractive indices are analyzed by using the plane wave expansion method. Owing to the slow group velocity region of the line defect mode, when the index of 5CB changes from 1.53 to 1.63, the variation of the effective index of the line defect mode arrives at 0.168. This property helps to significantly control the phase of light propagation in a PC waveguide MZI. The novel interferometer can be used as either an optically controlled on-off switch or an amplitude modulator in optical circuits.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- photonic crystals /
- liquid crystals /
- Mach-Zehnder interferometer
[1] Yao J Q, Lu Y, Zhang B G, Wang P 2005 J. Optoelectronics. Laser 16 503 (in Chinese) [姚建铨, 路洋, 张百钢, 王鹏 2005 光电子·激光 16 503]
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[4] Ma S H, Shi Y L, Xu X L, Yan W, Yang Y P, Wang L 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4091 (in Chinese) [马士华, 施宇蕾, 徐新龙, 严伟, 杨玉平, 汪力 2006 55 4091]
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[6] John S 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2486
[7] Chen H M, Meng Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 014202 (in Chinese) [陈鹤鸣, 孟晴 2011 60 014202]
[8] Fan F, Guo Z, Bai J J, Wang X H, Chang S J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084219 (in Chinese) [范飞, 郭展, 白晋军, 王湘晖, 常胜江 2011 60 084219]
[9] Dai Q F, Li Y W, Wang H Z 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 061121
[10] Wu K S, Long X T, Dong J W, Chen D H, Wang H Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6381 (in Chinese) [伍楷舜, 龙兴腾, 董建文, 陈弟虎, 汪河洲 2008 57 6381]
[11] Zhang M, Pan W, Xi L S, Luo B, Zhen D, Xu X G, Wang L, Liu C, Liu H T 2009 Chinese J. Lasers 36 (in Chinese) [张曼, 潘炜, 习连山, 罗斌, 郑狄, 徐小果, 王亮, 刘聪, 刘海涛 2009 中国激光 36
[12] Vlasov Y A, O'boyle M, Hamann H F, Mcnab S J 2005 Nature 438 65
[13] Afsar M N 1984 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 32 1598
[14] Li J S, He J L, Hong Z 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 5034
[15] Liu C Y, Chen L W 2004 Opt. Express 12 2616
[16] Zhang H, Guo P, Chen P, Chang S J, Yuan J H 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 101
[17] Berenger J P 1994 J. Comput. Phys. 114 185
[18] Shimoda Y, Ozaki M, Yoshino K 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 3627
[19] Chen C Y, Hsieh C F, Lin Y F, Pan R P, Pan C L 2004 Opt. Express 12 2625
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[1] Yao J Q, Lu Y, Zhang B G, Wang P 2005 J. Optoelectronics. Laser 16 503 (in Chinese) [姚建铨, 路洋, 张百钢, 王鹏 2005 光电子·激光 16 503]
[2] Nagel M, Haring Bolivar P, Brucherseifer M, Kurz H, Bosserhoff A, Bosserhoff A, Buttner R 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 154
[3] Yue W W, Wang W N, Zhao G Z, Zhang C L, Yan H T 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3094 (in Chinese) [岳伟伟, 王卫宁, 赵国忠, 张存林, 闫海涛 2005 54 3094]
[4] Ma S H, Shi Y L, Xu X L, Yan W, Yang Y P, Wang L 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 4091 (in Chinese) [马士华, 施宇蕾, 徐新龙, 严伟, 杨玉平, 汪力 2006 55 4091]
[5] Yablonovitch E 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2059
[6] John S 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 2486
[7] Chen H M, Meng Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 014202 (in Chinese) [陈鹤鸣, 孟晴 2011 60 014202]
[8] Fan F, Guo Z, Bai J J, Wang X H, Chang S J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084219 (in Chinese) [范飞, 郭展, 白晋军, 王湘晖, 常胜江 2011 60 084219]
[9] Dai Q F, Li Y W, Wang H Z 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 061121
[10] Wu K S, Long X T, Dong J W, Chen D H, Wang H Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6381 (in Chinese) [伍楷舜, 龙兴腾, 董建文, 陈弟虎, 汪河洲 2008 57 6381]
[11] Zhang M, Pan W, Xi L S, Luo B, Zhen D, Xu X G, Wang L, Liu C, Liu H T 2009 Chinese J. Lasers 36 (in Chinese) [张曼, 潘炜, 习连山, 罗斌, 郑狄, 徐小果, 王亮, 刘聪, 刘海涛 2009 中国激光 36
[12] Vlasov Y A, O'boyle M, Hamann H F, Mcnab S J 2005 Nature 438 65
[13] Afsar M N 1984 Microwave Theory and Techniques, IEEE Transactions on 32 1598
[14] Li J S, He J L, Hong Z 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 5034
[15] Liu C Y, Chen L W 2004 Opt. Express 12 2616
[16] Zhang H, Guo P, Chen P, Chang S J, Yuan J H 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 101
[17] Berenger J P 1994 J. Comput. Phys. 114 185
[18] Shimoda Y, Ozaki M, Yoshino K 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 3627
[19] Chen C Y, Hsieh C F, Lin Y F, Pan R P, Pan C L 2004 Opt. Express 12 2625
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