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We present a new kind of zero-index metamaterial composed of periodic array of dendritic cells with continuous long pole, and investigate its electromagnetic characteristics. First, we study the one-level dendritic cell with continuous long pole. The retrieved effective permittivity and permeability of the unit cell simultaneously tend to be zero from their negative values at a frequency of 9.5 GHz, which leads to a near-zero refractive index. Then by changing the geometric parameters of the unit, we find the influences of the branch length and the separation angle on the electromagnetic parameters. Finally, increasing the level number of the branch gives rise to two-level and three-level dendritic cells respectively with continuous long pole. Adjusting the geometric parameters of each unit cell to appropriate values, the zero-index matematerials with zero permittivity and permeability can be obtained at the same frequency.
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Keywords:
- zero-index /
- metamaterial /
- dendritic structure /
- electromagnetic parameters
[1] Shelby R A, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[2] Veselago V G 1968 Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509
[3] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[4] Zhao Q, Zhao X P, Kang L, Zhang F L, Liu Y H, Luo C R 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 2206 (in Chinese) [赵乾, 赵晓鹏, 康雷, 张富利, 刘亚红, 罗春荣 2004 53 2206]
[5] Liu Y H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5883 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 罗春荣, 赵晓鹏 2007 56 5883]
[6] Parazzoli C G, Greegor R B, Li K, Koltenbah B E C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 107401
[7] Rao X S, Ong C K 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 067601
[8] Smith D R, Pendry J B 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23 391
[9] Enoch S, Tayeb G, Sabouroux P, Vincont P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 213902
[10] Wu B I, Wang W, Pacheco J 2005 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 51 295
[11] Zhou H, Pei Z B, Qu S B, Zhang S, Wang J F, Duan Z H, Ma H, Xu Z 2009 IEEE Antennas Wireless Progag. Lett. 8 538
[12] Mocella V, Dardano P, Rendina I, Cabrini S 2010 Opt. Express 18 25068
[13] Tavallaee A A, Hon P, Mehta K, Itoh T, Williams B S 2010 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46 1091
[14] Jin Y, Zhang P, He S L 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 085117
[15] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Guo J Q 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 241116
[16] Zhou X, Fu Q H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Zhao X P 2006 Opt. Express 14 7188
[17] Luo C R, Wang L S, Guo J Q, Huang Y, Zhao X P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3124 (in Chinese) [罗春荣, 王连胜, 郭继权, 黄勇, 赵晓鹏 2009 58 3124]
[18] Zhou X, Zhao X P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 181908
[19] Guo J Q, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 044102
[20] Liu H, Zhao X P, Yang Y, Li Q W, Lü J 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 2050
[21] Povinelli M L, Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1069
[22] Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, Nemat-Nasser S C, Schultz S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4184
[23] Dolling G, Wegener M, Soukoulis C M, Linden S 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 53
[24] Jackson J D 1975 Classical Electrodynamics (New York: Wiley) p54
[25] Liang Z X, Zhang Z D, Liu W M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 050402
[26] Ji A C, Sun Q, Xie X C, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 023602
[27] Qi R, Yu X L, Li Z B, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185301
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[1] Shelby R A, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[2] Veselago V G 1968 Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509
[3] Pendry J B 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 3966
[4] Zhao Q, Zhao X P, Kang L, Zhang F L, Liu Y H, Luo C R 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 2206 (in Chinese) [赵乾, 赵晓鹏, 康雷, 张富利, 刘亚红, 罗春荣 2004 53 2206]
[5] Liu Y H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5883 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 罗春荣, 赵晓鹏 2007 56 5883]
[6] Parazzoli C G, Greegor R B, Li K, Koltenbah B E C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 107401
[7] Rao X S, Ong C K 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 067601
[8] Smith D R, Pendry J B 2006 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 23 391
[9] Enoch S, Tayeb G, Sabouroux P, Vincont P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 213902
[10] Wu B I, Wang W, Pacheco J 2005 Prog. Electromagn. Res. 51 295
[11] Zhou H, Pei Z B, Qu S B, Zhang S, Wang J F, Duan Z H, Ma H, Xu Z 2009 IEEE Antennas Wireless Progag. Lett. 8 538
[12] Mocella V, Dardano P, Rendina I, Cabrini S 2010 Opt. Express 18 25068
[13] Tavallaee A A, Hon P, Mehta K, Itoh T, Williams B S 2010 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46 1091
[14] Jin Y, Zhang P, He S L 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 085117
[15] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Guo J Q 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 241116
[16] Zhou X, Fu Q H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Zhao X P 2006 Opt. Express 14 7188
[17] Luo C R, Wang L S, Guo J Q, Huang Y, Zhao X P 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3124 (in Chinese) [罗春荣, 王连胜, 郭继权, 黄勇, 赵晓鹏 2009 58 3124]
[18] Zhou X, Zhao X P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 181908
[19] Guo J Q, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2009 Chin. Phys. Lett. 26 044102
[20] Liu H, Zhao X P, Yang Y, Li Q W, Lü J 2008 Adv. Mater. 20 2050
[21] Povinelli M L, Johnson S G, Joannopoulos J D 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1069
[22] Smith D R, Padilla W J, Vier D C, Nemat-Nasser S C, Schultz S 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4184
[23] Dolling G, Wegener M, Soukoulis C M, Linden S 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 53
[24] Jackson J D 1975 Classical Electrodynamics (New York: Wiley) p54
[25] Liang Z X, Zhang Z D, Liu W M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 050402
[26] Ji A C, Sun Q, Xie X C, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 023602
[27] Qi R, Yu X L, Li Z B, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185301
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