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We propose an isotropic structure based on double split-ring resonator. We investigate experimentally and numerically the electromagnetic resonant properties of the proposed structure. The result shows that when the electromagnetic wave transmits in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the split ring resonator, respectively, the resonant bands having the negative permeability both arise at the same frequencies. However, when the electromagnetic wave transmits with oblique angle, the resonant characteristic is still unchanged. That is to say, resonant characteristic of the proposed structure is independent of incidence angle. This result indicates that the proposed structure is an isotropic medium. Combining the proposed double split-ring resonator structure with the wires, the left-handed metamaterial with negative refractive index can be obtained. In addition, the proposed structure has the merit of the miniaturization due to adding the metallic via-hole, which can increase the electric length of the structure. As a result, the resonant frequency of the structure shifts toward lower frequency greatly without increasing the dimension of the structure, and then the structure is still compact in the low frequency case. The introduction of the metallic via-hole can reduce the dimension of the structure by 50%. Therefore, the proposed structure will be a good candidate in the microwave applications such as antennas, filter, among others.
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Keywords:
- negative permeability /
- left-handed metamaterials /
- isotropic /
- miniaturization
[1] Veselago V G 1968 Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509
[2] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Stewart W J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4773
[3] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Robbins D J, Stewart W J 1999 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47 2075
[4] Shelby R, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[5] Zhou X, Fu Q H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Zhao X P 2006 Opt. Express 14 7188
[6] Zhao X P, Zhao Q, Zhang F L, Zhao W, Liu Y H 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 99
[7] Liu Y H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5883 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 罗春荣, 赵晓鹏 2007 56 5883]
[8] Gong B Y, Zhao X P 2011 Opt. Express 19 289
[9] Zhou X, Zhao X P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 181908
[10] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Gong B Y, Liu L H, Su B 2011 Appl. Phys. A 102 147
[11] Liu Y H, Song J, Luo C R, Fu Q H, Zhao X P 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 934 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 宋娟, 罗春荣, 付全红, 赵晓鹏 2008 57 934]
[12] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Ji N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 011911
[13] Bao S, Luo C R, Zhang Y P, Zhao X P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3187 (in Chinese) [保石, 罗春荣, 张燕萍, 赵晓鹏 2010 59 3187]
[14] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X 2004 Science 303 1494
[15] Linden S, Enkrich C, Wegener M, Zhou J F, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2004 Science 306 1351
[16] Zhang S, Fan W J, Minhas B K, Frauenglass A, Malloy K J, Brueck S R J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 037402
[17] Qi R, Yu X L, Li Z B, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185301
[18] Ji A C, Sun Q, Xie X C, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 023602
[19] Liang Z X, Zhang Z D, Liu W M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 050402
[20] Nguyen V C, Chen L, Halterman K 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233908
[21] Furlani E P, Baev A 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 026607
[22] Jin Y, He S L 2010 Opt. Express 18 16587
[23] Dolling G, Wegener M, Soukoulis C M, Linden S 2007 Opt. Express 15 11536
[24] Kafesaki M, Tsiapa I, Katsarakis N, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M, Economou E N 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 235114
[25] Zhou J F, Koschny T, Zhang L, Tuttle G, Soukoulis C M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 221103
[26] Baena J D, Jelinek L, Marqués R, Mock J J, Gollub J, Smith D R 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 191105
[27] Casse B D F, Moser H O, Lee J W, Bahou M, Inglis S, Jian L K 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 254106
[28] Smith D R, Vier D C, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 036617
[29] Chen X D, Grzegorczyk T M, Wu B I, Pacheco J Jr, Kong J A 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 016608
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[1] Veselago V G 1968 Sov. Phys. Usp. 10 509
[2] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Stewart W J 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4773
[3] Pendry J B, Holden A J, Robbins D J, Stewart W J 1999 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 47 2075
[4] Shelby R, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77
[5] Zhou X, Fu Q H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Zhao X P 2006 Opt. Express 14 7188
[6] Zhao X P, Zhao Q, Zhang F L, Zhao W, Liu Y H 2006 Chin. Phys. Lett. 23 99
[7] Liu Y H, Luo C R, Zhao X P 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5883 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 罗春荣, 赵晓鹏 2007 56 5883]
[8] Gong B Y, Zhao X P 2011 Opt. Express 19 289
[9] Zhou X, Zhao X P 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 181908
[10] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Gong B Y, Liu L H, Su B 2011 Appl. Phys. A 102 147
[11] Liu Y H, Song J, Luo C R, Fu Q H, Zhao X P 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 934 (in Chinese) [刘亚红, 宋娟, 罗春荣, 付全红, 赵晓鹏 2008 57 934]
[12] Zhu W R, Zhao X P, Ji N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 011911
[13] Bao S, Luo C R, Zhang Y P, Zhao X P 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3187 (in Chinese) [保石, 罗春荣, 张燕萍, 赵晓鹏 2010 59 3187]
[14] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X 2004 Science 303 1494
[15] Linden S, Enkrich C, Wegener M, Zhou J F, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2004 Science 306 1351
[16] Zhang S, Fan W J, Minhas B K, Frauenglass A, Malloy K J, Brueck S R J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 037402
[17] Qi R, Yu X L, Li Z B, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185301
[18] Ji A C, Sun Q, Xie X C, Liu W M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 023602
[19] Liang Z X, Zhang Z D, Liu W M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 050402
[20] Nguyen V C, Chen L, Halterman K 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233908
[21] Furlani E P, Baev A 2009 Phys. Rev. E 79 026607
[22] Jin Y, He S L 2010 Opt. Express 18 16587
[23] Dolling G, Wegener M, Soukoulis C M, Linden S 2007 Opt. Express 15 11536
[24] Kafesaki M, Tsiapa I, Katsarakis N, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M, Economou E N 2007 Phys. Rev. E 75 235114
[25] Zhou J F, Koschny T, Zhang L, Tuttle G, Soukoulis C M 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 221103
[26] Baena J D, Jelinek L, Marqués R, Mock J J, Gollub J, Smith D R 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 191105
[27] Casse B D F, Moser H O, Lee J W, Bahou M, Inglis S, Jian L K 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 254106
[28] Smith D R, Vier D C, Koschny T, Soukoulis C M 2005 Phys. Rev. E 71 036617
[29] Chen X D, Grzegorczyk T M, Wu B I, Pacheco J Jr, Kong J A 2004 Phys. Rev. E 70 016608
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