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Porous silicon (PS) prepared by electrochemical etching method has been studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and age-momentum correlation (AMOC) measurement in different atmospheres. The longest lifetime component in PALS results is ascribed to the annihilation of positronium in cavities of PS sample. It is found that 80% of the positrons implanted in PS film have formed positronium atoms. PALS results show that the lifetime of ortho-positronium has smaller value when the sample was in oxygen gas medium compared with those in other medium. AMOC results reveal that S parameter of three lifetime components in oxygen are all bigger than that in nitrogen atmosphere. These are probably caused by the oxygen leading to the spin-conversion of positronium atoms.
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Keywords:
- positronium /
- positron annihilation spectroscopy /
- porous silica
[1] Chuang S Y, Tao S J 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 54 4902
[2] Ito Y, Yamashina T, Nagasaka M 1975 Appl. Phys. 6 323
[3] Ma L, Chen Z Q, Wang S J, Peng Z L, Luo X H 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 2267(in Chinese)[马 莉、陈志权、王少阶、彭治林、罗锡辉 1997 46 2267]
[4] Sato K, Murakami H, Ito K, Hirata K, Kobayashi Y 2009 Mater. Sci. Forum 607 53
[5] Kobayashi Y, Ito K, Oka T, Hirata K 2007 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 76 224
[6] Nagashima Y, Kakimoto M, Hyodo T, Fujiwara K, Ichimura A, Chang T, Deng J, Akahane T, Chiba T, Suzuki K, McKee B T A, Stewart A T 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 258
[7] Eijt S W H, van Veen A, Falub C V, Escobar Galindo R, Schut H, Mijnarends P E, de Theije F K, Balkenende A R 2003 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68 357
[8] Yu R S, Ohdaira T, Suzuki R, Ito K, Hirata K, Sato K, Kobayashi Y, Xu J 2003b Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4966
[9] Jiang Z Y, Yu W Z, Huang Y J, Xia Y F, Ma S X 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3136 (in Chinese) [蒋中英、郁伟中、黄彦君、夏元复、马淑新 2006 55 3743]
[10] Wang S J, Chen Z Q, Wang B, Wu Y C, Fang P F, Zhang Y X 2008 Applied Positron Spectroscopy (Wuhan: Science and Technology Press) p131(in Chinese) [王少阶、陈志权、王 波、吴亦初、方鹏飞、张永学 2008 应用正电子谱学(武汉:湖北科学技术出版社)第130页]
[11] Uedono A, Kawano T, Tanigawa S, Ban M, Kyoto M 1995 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 103 511
[12] Suzuki N, Oonishi T, Hyodo T, Chang T 2002 Appl. Phys. A 74 791
[13] Brandt W 1983 Positron Solid-State Physics (Amsterdam: North-Holland) p8
[14] Stoll H, Castellaz P, Siegle A 2003 Principles and Applications of Positron&Positronium Chemistry (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company) p356
[15] Kansy J 1996 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 374 235
[16] Smith R L, Collins S D 1992 J. Appl. Phys. 71 8
[17] Anto Pradeep J, Agarwal P 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 123515
[18] Borghesi A, Sassella A, Pivac B, Pavesi L 1993 Solid State Commun. 87 1
[19] Brusa R S, Deng W, Karwasz G P, Zecca A 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1492
[20] Dutta D, Ganguly B N, Gangopadhyay D, Mukherjee T, Dutta-Roy B 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 8947
[21] Yu W Z 2003 Positron Physics and Its Application (Bejing: Science Press) p54 (in Chinese) [郁伟中 2003 正电子物理及其应用 第一版 (北京:科学出版社)第54页]
[22] Mohamed H F M 2001 Egyptian Journal of Solids 24 41
[23] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1996 Appl. Surf. Sci. 102 423
[24] Castellaz P, Major J, Mujica C, Schneider H, Seeger A, Siegle A, Stoll H, Billard I 1996 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch. 210 457
[25] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1994 Hyperfine Interact. 84 121
[26] Shinohara N, Suzuki N, Chang T, Hyodo T 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 042702
[27] Tischler M A, Collins R T, Stathis J H, Tsang J C 1992 Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 639
[28] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1995 Mater. Sci. Forum. 173 175
[29] Tao S J 1972 J. Chem. Phys. 56 5499
[30] Eldrup M, Lightbody D, Sherwood J N 1981 Chem. Phys. 63 51
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[1] Chuang S Y, Tao S J 1971 J. Chem. Phys. 54 4902
[2] Ito Y, Yamashina T, Nagasaka M 1975 Appl. Phys. 6 323
[3] Ma L, Chen Z Q, Wang S J, Peng Z L, Luo X H 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 2267(in Chinese)[马 莉、陈志权、王少阶、彭治林、罗锡辉 1997 46 2267]
[4] Sato K, Murakami H, Ito K, Hirata K, Kobayashi Y 2009 Mater. Sci. Forum 607 53
[5] Kobayashi Y, Ito K, Oka T, Hirata K 2007 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 76 224
[6] Nagashima Y, Kakimoto M, Hyodo T, Fujiwara K, Ichimura A, Chang T, Deng J, Akahane T, Chiba T, Suzuki K, McKee B T A, Stewart A T 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 258
[7] Eijt S W H, van Veen A, Falub C V, Escobar Galindo R, Schut H, Mijnarends P E, de Theije F K, Balkenende A R 2003 Radiat. Phys. Chem. 68 357
[8] Yu R S, Ohdaira T, Suzuki R, Ito K, Hirata K, Sato K, Kobayashi Y, Xu J 2003b Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4966
[9] Jiang Z Y, Yu W Z, Huang Y J, Xia Y F, Ma S X 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3136 (in Chinese) [蒋中英、郁伟中、黄彦君、夏元复、马淑新 2006 55 3743]
[10] Wang S J, Chen Z Q, Wang B, Wu Y C, Fang P F, Zhang Y X 2008 Applied Positron Spectroscopy (Wuhan: Science and Technology Press) p131(in Chinese) [王少阶、陈志权、王 波、吴亦初、方鹏飞、张永学 2008 应用正电子谱学(武汉:湖北科学技术出版社)第130页]
[11] Uedono A, Kawano T, Tanigawa S, Ban M, Kyoto M 1995 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 103 511
[12] Suzuki N, Oonishi T, Hyodo T, Chang T 2002 Appl. Phys. A 74 791
[13] Brandt W 1983 Positron Solid-State Physics (Amsterdam: North-Holland) p8
[14] Stoll H, Castellaz P, Siegle A 2003 Principles and Applications of Positron&Positronium Chemistry (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Company) p356
[15] Kansy J 1996 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 374 235
[16] Smith R L, Collins S D 1992 J. Appl. Phys. 71 8
[17] Anto Pradeep J, Agarwal P 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 104 123515
[18] Borghesi A, Sassella A, Pivac B, Pavesi L 1993 Solid State Commun. 87 1
[19] Brusa R S, Deng W, Karwasz G P, Zecca A 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 1492
[20] Dutta D, Ganguly B N, Gangopadhyay D, Mukherjee T, Dutta-Roy B 2004 J. Phys. Chem. B 108 8947
[21] Yu W Z 2003 Positron Physics and Its Application (Bejing: Science Press) p54 (in Chinese) [郁伟中 2003 正电子物理及其应用 第一版 (北京:科学出版社)第54页]
[22] Mohamed H F M 2001 Egyptian Journal of Solids 24 41
[23] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1996 Appl. Surf. Sci. 102 423
[24] Castellaz P, Major J, Mujica C, Schneider H, Seeger A, Siegle A, Stoll H, Billard I 1996 J. Radioanal. Nucl. Ch. 210 457
[25] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1994 Hyperfine Interact. 84 121
[26] Shinohara N, Suzuki N, Chang T, Hyodo T 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 042702
[27] Tischler M A, Collins R T, Stathis J H, Tsang J C 1992 Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 639
[28] Itoh Y, Murakami H, Kinoshita A 1995 Mater. Sci. Forum. 173 175
[29] Tao S J 1972 J. Chem. Phys. 56 5499
[30] Eldrup M, Lightbody D, Sherwood J N 1981 Chem. Phys. 63 51
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