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二维碳/氮化物MXene近年来受到了越来越多的关注, 其优异的导电性和表面丰富的官能团可对电磁波吸收有着积极的作用. 然而作为仅有介电损耗的非磁性材料, MXene存在着阻抗不匹配等问题, 极大地限制了实际应用. 因此, 将磁性材料与MXene结合成为了目前微波吸收领域的研究热点, 而降低MXene堆叠现象与调控磁性材料所占比例成为实现良好微波吸收性能的关键因素. 本文通过简单的静电吸附作用将水热法制备的Fe3O4纳米微球锚定在大尺寸单层二维Ti3C2Tx表面, 并在该Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx复合结构中实现了–69.31 dB的最小反射损耗值(频率为16.19 GHz), 且此时的双峰吸收带宽可达到3.39 GHz. 另外, 雷达截面(RCS)模拟计算表明, 该样品也具有优异的RCS值, 表现出对雷达波优异的衰减能力. 本研究对二维材料和磁性材料在微波吸收领域的性能改善与实际应用提供了新的思路.With the rapid development of electronic equipment, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic radiation pollution have become serious problems, because excessive electromagnetic interference will not only affect normal operation of electronic equipment but also do great harm to human health. In general, an ideal material for microwave absorption with the characteristics of high reflection loss (RL) intensity, wide effective absorption band (EAB), thin thickness, and lightweight could effectively consume electromagnetic wave (EMW) energy. Therefore, it is crucial to search for such an ideal microwave absorption material to deal with the electromagnetic radiation pollution. Two-dimensional (2D) carbon/nitride MXene has received more and more attention in recent years, because excellent electrical conductivity and rich surface-functional groups in MXene show positive effects on electromagnetic wave absorption. However, as a non-magnetic material with only dielectric loss, MXene exhibits obvious impedance mismatch, which greatly limits its practical applications. Combining MXene with magnetic materials becomes a hotspot for the exploration of ideal microwave absorption materials. As a typical ferrite, Fe3O4 shows excellent soft magnetic properties such as high saturation magnetization, high chemical stability, and simple preparation. In this paper, the 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite is successfully prepared by hydrothermal method and simple electrostatic adsorption process. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the surface of large-sized monolayer Ti3C2Tx, which effectively reduces the stacking of MXene. By regulating the proportion of magnetic materials, the microwave absorption performance of 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite is investigated. With the content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite increasing from 4 mg to 8 mg, the microwave absorption performance is enhanced obviously. This is caused by the abundant Fe3O4/Ti3C2Tx interface, scattering channels, point defect, charge density difference in 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite, and the optimized impedance matching. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite reaches –69.31 dB at a frequency of 16.19 GHz, and the effective absorption band (EAB) achieves 3.39 GHz. With the content of Fe3O4 nanoparticles further increasing to 10 mg, the microwave absorption performance shows a decreasing trend. Excessive Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite lead to the decrease of electrical conductivity and thus the impedance dis-matching and dielectric loss decreasing, which leads the microwave absorption performance to decrease. Radar scattering cross section (RCS) is a physical quantity that evaluates the intensity of the scattered echo energy in the intercepted electromagnetic wave energy. The results of the RCS simulation can be applied to real objects which have been widely utilized in radar wave stealth. Its multi-angle simulation results can be used as an important basis for evaluating the stealth capability of microwave-absorbing material. The RCS simulations show that the average RCS value of 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composite is over –47.92 dBm2 at an incidence angle of 25°, demonstrating its excellent radar wave absorption performance. This study provides new ideas for improving and practically using two-dimensional and magnetic materials in the microwave absorption field and gives a new path to the subsequent development of microwave-absorbing composites.
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Keywords:
- microwave absorption /
- MXene /
- Fe3O4 /
- composite structure
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图 1 二维Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx复合材料制备过程示意图
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of preparation process for 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composites.
图 2 (a)单层二维Ti3C2Tx的SEM图; (b) Fe3O4纳米颗粒的SEM图; (c), (d)二维Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx复合材料的SEM图; (e)二维Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx复合材料的TEM图, 插图为Fe3O4纳米颗粒的HRTEM图; (f), (g) Fe3O4纳米颗粒和Fe3O4纳米微球的粒径分布图; (h)元素映射图
Fig. 2. SEM image of (a) single layer Ti3C2Tx, (b) Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and (c), (d) 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composites; (e) TEM image of 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composites, inset shows HRTEM image of Fe3O4 nanoparticle; (f), (g) particle size distributions of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and Fe3O4 nanomicrospheres; (h) elemental mapping.
图 3 (a)不同阶段产物的XRD图; (b)二维 Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx复合纳米片、(c) Fe 2p、(d) O 1s、(e) Ti 2p、(f) C 1s的XPS光谱
Fig. 3. (a) XRD patterns of the products at different stages; (b) XPS survey spectra of 2D Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx composites, (c) Fe 2p, (d) O 1s, (e) Ti 2p, and (f) C 1s.
图 4 FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, FT-10样品的相对复介电常数和相对复磁导率 (a), (b)复介电常数的实部和虚部; (c)介电损耗角正切; (d), (e)复数磁导率的实部和虚部; (f)磁损耗角正切
Fig. 4. (a), (b) Real and imaginary parts of the permittivity, (c) dielectric loss tangent of FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, and FT-10 samples; (d), (e) real and imaginary parts of the complex permeability, (f) magnetic loss tangent of FT-4, FT-6, FT-8, and FT-10 samples.
图 5 (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10的Cole-Cole曲线, 以及4个样品的(e)C0曲线和(f)衰减常数α
Fig. 5. Cole-Cole plot for (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, and (d) FT-10 samples; (e) C0 curves and (f) attenuation constant α of the four samples.
图 6 填充质量分数为20%的(a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10样品的2D反射损耗图; 填充质量分数为20%的(e) FT-4, (f) FT-6, (g) FT-8, (h) FT-10样品的3D反射损耗图
Fig. 6. 2D reflection loss images of (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, and (d) FT-10 samples with 20% filling; 3D reflection loss images of (e) FT-4, (f) FT-6, (g) FT-8, and (h) FT-10 samples with 20% filling.
图 7 填充质量分数为30%的FT-8 样品的(a) 2D反射损耗图, (b) 3D反射损耗图, (c) Cole-Cole曲线, (d)阻抗匹配图, (e)C0曲线和(f)衰减常数α
Fig. 7. (a) 2D reflection loss image, (b) 3D reflection loss image, (c) Cole-Cole curve, (d) impedance matching plot, (e) C0 curve and (f) attenuation constant α for FT-8 samples with 30% filling.
图 8 填充质量分数为20%的(a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10和(e)填充质量分数为30%的FT-8样品的CST模拟结果; (f) –90°—90°下所有样品的RCS值
Fig. 8. CST simulation results of (a) FT-4, (b) FT-6, (c) FT-8, (d) FT-10 samples with 20% filler, (e) FT-8 sample with 30% filler; (f) RCS values of all samples at –90°–90°.
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[1] Liu W, Wang D H, Li K X, Wei X H 2022 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 5 18488
Google Scholar
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