-
Active matter can form various collective motions. In dry and repulsive systems, a uniform polar fluid emerges in the presence of an aligning mechanism. Theoretical studies have shown that in active systems with attractive interactions, particles can achieve spontaneous velocity alignment and form clusters through the synergistic effect of self-propulsion and attraction. However, so far, the influence of attractions on collective behavior has not been well addressed experimentally. In this work, an electric-field driven Quincke system, where an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) long-range attraction is present, is used to investigate the influence of attraction on the collective behavior. It is found that the long-range attraction can significantly increase the interaction time during collision, thereby enhancing velocity alignment. The aligned particles can form dynamic polar clusters. Moreover, in the presence of a long-range attraction, a uniform polar fluid is unstable: density fluctuation leads to denser polar clusters which share the same direction of collective motion with the polar fluid. Our findings show that the attraction between active individuals can significantly change the microscopic and macroscopic dynamics of active systems and provide insights into understanding chemotactic attraction phenomena in biological systems.
-
Keywords:
- Quincke rollers /
- attractive interactions /
- dynamic clusters /
- collective motion
[1] Das M, Schmidt C F, Murrell M 2020 Soft Matter 16 7185
Google Scholar
[2] Vicsek T, Zafeiris A 2012 Phys. Rep. 517 71
Google Scholar
[3] Deutsch A, Friedl P, Preziosi L, Theraulaz G 2020 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 375 20190377
Google Scholar
[4] Dombrowski C, Cisneros L, Chatkaew S, Goldstein R E, Kessler J O 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 098103
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang H P, Be'er A, Florin E L, Swinney H L 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 13626
Google Scholar
[6] Chen X, Yang X, Yang M C, Zhang H P 2015 Europhys. Lett. 111 54002
Google Scholar
[7] Cavagna A, Giardina I 2014 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5 183
Google Scholar
[8] Cavagna A, Cimarelli A, Giardina I, Parisi G, Santagati R, Stefanini F, Viale M 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 11865
Google Scholar
[9] Katz Y, Tunstrom K, Ioannou C C, Huepe C, Couzin I D 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 18720
Google Scholar
[10] Shimoyama N, Sugawara K, Mizuguchi T, Hayakawa Y, Sano M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 3870
Google Scholar
[11] Baglietto G, Albano E V 2009 Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 527
Google Scholar
[12] Vicsek T, Czirok A, Ben-Jacob E, Cohen I I, Shochet O 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1226
Google Scholar
[13] Cates M E, Tailleur J 2015 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 6 219
Google Scholar
[14] Buttinoni I, Bialké J, Kümmel F, Löwen H, Bechinger C, Speck T 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 238301
Google Scholar
[15] Blair D L, Neicu T, Kudrolli A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 031303
Google Scholar
[16] Deseigne J, Dauchot O, Chaté H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 098001
Google Scholar
[17] 陈健丽, 李佳健, 艾保全 2025 74 060501
Google Scholar
Chen J L, Li J J, Ai B Q 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 060501
Google Scholar
[18] Bricard A, Caussin J B, Desreumaux N, Dauchot O, Bartolo D 2013 Nature 503 95
Google Scholar
[19] Karani H, Pradillo G E, Vlahovska P M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 208002
Google Scholar
[20] Lu S Q, Zhang B Y, Zhang Z C, Shi Y, Zhang T H 2018 Soft Matter 14 5092
Google Scholar
[21] Pradillo G E, Karani H, Vlahovska P M 2019 Soft Matter 15 6564
Google Scholar
[22] Bricard A, Caussin J B, Das D, Savoie C, Chikkadi V, Shitara K, Chepizhko O, Peruani F, Saintillan D, Bartolo D 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7470
Google Scholar
[23] Mauleon-Amieva A, Mosayebi M, Hallett J E, Turci F, Liverpool T B, van Duijneveldt J S, Royall C P 2020 Phys. Rev. E 102 032609
[24] Boymelgreen A, Schiffbauer J, Khusid B, Yossifon G 2022 Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 60 101603
Google Scholar
[25] Das D, Saintillan D 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 043014
Google Scholar
[26] Ristenpart W D, Aksay I A, Saville D A 2007 Langmuir 23 4071
Google Scholar
[27] Liu Z T, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Chate H, Shi X Q, Zhang T H 2021 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 118 e2104724118
Google Scholar
[28] Michor F, Iwasa Y, Nowak M A 2004 Nat. Rev. Cancer 4 197
Google Scholar
[29] Vishwakarma M, Thurakkal B, Spatz J P, Das T 2020 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 375 20190391
Google Scholar
[30] Haga H, Irahara C, Kobayashi R, Nakagaki T, Kawabata K 2005 Biophys. J. 88 2250
Google Scholar
[31] Hsu M F, Dufresne E R, Weitz D A 2005 Langmuir 21 4881
Google Scholar
-
图 1 两粒子(P1, P2)的碰撞过程($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $) (a) 实验装置及原理图; (b) 湿AOT导电溶液中粒子碰撞过程; (c)干AOT导电溶液中粒子碰撞过程. (b), (c)顶部: 粒子之间的距离随时间的变化. 插图: 对齐过程中的轨迹与速度变化. 中间: 两个粒子速度方向之间的角度随时间的变化. 底部: 两粒子速度变化
Figure 1. Collision dynamics between two particles ($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $): (a) Schematic of the experimental setup and Quincke rolling; (b) particle collision process in wet AOT conductive solution; (c) particle collision process in dry AOT conductive solution. (b), (c) Top: Distance between the particles as a function of time. Inset: Speed and trajectories in an aligning process. Middle: The angle between the two orientations as a function of time. Bottom: Speed evolution in pair aligning.
图 2 (a) 排斥力占主导时的无序气体 ($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $); (b)—(d) 吸引力主导下形成的团簇及其消散过程($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $); (e)—(h)对应于图(a)—(d)的速度方向着色图, 左下角圆盘为方向色标
Figure 2. (a) Repulsion-dominated disordered gas state ($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $); (b)–(d) attraction-driven cluster formation and subsequent dissipation ($ E = 1.20{E_{\text{c}}} $); (e)–(h) velocity direction color maps corresponding to panels (a)–(d). The direction color key is shown in the lower-left disk.
图 3 吸引Quincke体系的亚临界行为 (a) $ E = 0.9{E_{\text{c}}} $时的实验原图; (b)对应于图(a)的速度彩图, 图中白色粒子为静止不动的粒子, 右侧为速度大小色标. 图中标尺为$100{\text{ μm}}$
Figure 3. Subcritical behavior of the attraction-driven Quincke system: (a) Raw experimental image at $ E = 0.9{E_{\text{c}}} $; (b) velocity color map corresponding to Figure (a), white particles denote stationary colloids, and the velocity color scale is shown on the right. Scale bar: $100{\text{ μm}}$.
图 4 集体运动 (a) 排斥力占主导时的极性流体($ E = $$ 1.30{E_{\text{c}}} $); (b) EHD吸引力占主导时的极性团簇 ($ E = 1.30{E_{\text{c}}} $); (c), (d)对应于图(a)和图(b)的速度方向着色图, 左下角圆盘为方向色标. 图中标尺为$100{\text{ μm}}$
Figure 4. Collective motion: (a) Repulsion-dominated polar fluid ($ E = 1.30{E_{\text{c}}} $); (b) EHD attraction-driven polar cluster ($ E = $$ 1.30{E_{\text{c}}} $); (c), (d) velocity direction color maps corresponding to Figure (a) and Figure (b). The directional color key is shown in the lower-left disk. Scale bar: $100{\text{ μm}}$.
-
[1] Das M, Schmidt C F, Murrell M 2020 Soft Matter 16 7185
Google Scholar
[2] Vicsek T, Zafeiris A 2012 Phys. Rep. 517 71
Google Scholar
[3] Deutsch A, Friedl P, Preziosi L, Theraulaz G 2020 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 375 20190377
Google Scholar
[4] Dombrowski C, Cisneros L, Chatkaew S, Goldstein R E, Kessler J O 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 098103
Google Scholar
[5] Zhang H P, Be'er A, Florin E L, Swinney H L 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 13626
Google Scholar
[6] Chen X, Yang X, Yang M C, Zhang H P 2015 Europhys. Lett. 111 54002
Google Scholar
[7] Cavagna A, Giardina I 2014 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 5 183
Google Scholar
[8] Cavagna A, Cimarelli A, Giardina I, Parisi G, Santagati R, Stefanini F, Viale M 2010 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 107 11865
Google Scholar
[9] Katz Y, Tunstrom K, Ioannou C C, Huepe C, Couzin I D 2011 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 108 18720
Google Scholar
[10] Shimoyama N, Sugawara K, Mizuguchi T, Hayakawa Y, Sano M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 3870
Google Scholar
[11] Baglietto G, Albano E V 2009 Comput. Phys. Commun. 180 527
Google Scholar
[12] Vicsek T, Czirok A, Ben-Jacob E, Cohen I I, Shochet O 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1226
Google Scholar
[13] Cates M E, Tailleur J 2015 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 6 219
Google Scholar
[14] Buttinoni I, Bialké J, Kümmel F, Löwen H, Bechinger C, Speck T 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 238301
Google Scholar
[15] Blair D L, Neicu T, Kudrolli A 2003 Phys. Rev. E 67 031303
Google Scholar
[16] Deseigne J, Dauchot O, Chaté H 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 098001
Google Scholar
[17] 陈健丽, 李佳健, 艾保全 2025 74 060501
Google Scholar
Chen J L, Li J J, Ai B Q 2025 Acta Phys. Sin. 74 060501
Google Scholar
[18] Bricard A, Caussin J B, Desreumaux N, Dauchot O, Bartolo D 2013 Nature 503 95
Google Scholar
[19] Karani H, Pradillo G E, Vlahovska P M 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 123 208002
Google Scholar
[20] Lu S Q, Zhang B Y, Zhang Z C, Shi Y, Zhang T H 2018 Soft Matter 14 5092
Google Scholar
[21] Pradillo G E, Karani H, Vlahovska P M 2019 Soft Matter 15 6564
Google Scholar
[22] Bricard A, Caussin J B, Das D, Savoie C, Chikkadi V, Shitara K, Chepizhko O, Peruani F, Saintillan D, Bartolo D 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 7470
Google Scholar
[23] Mauleon-Amieva A, Mosayebi M, Hallett J E, Turci F, Liverpool T B, van Duijneveldt J S, Royall C P 2020 Phys. Rev. E 102 032609
[24] Boymelgreen A, Schiffbauer J, Khusid B, Yossifon G 2022 Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 60 101603
Google Scholar
[25] Das D, Saintillan D 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 043014
Google Scholar
[26] Ristenpart W D, Aksay I A, Saville D A 2007 Langmuir 23 4071
Google Scholar
[27] Liu Z T, Shi Y, Zhao Y, Chate H, Shi X Q, Zhang T H 2021 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 118 e2104724118
Google Scholar
[28] Michor F, Iwasa Y, Nowak M A 2004 Nat. Rev. Cancer 4 197
Google Scholar
[29] Vishwakarma M, Thurakkal B, Spatz J P, Das T 2020 Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B 375 20190391
Google Scholar
[30] Haga H, Irahara C, Kobayashi R, Nakagaki T, Kawabata K 2005 Biophys. J. 88 2250
Google Scholar
[31] Hsu M F, Dufresne E R, Weitz D A 2005 Langmuir 21 4881
Google Scholar
DownLoad:
Catalog
Metrics
- Abstract views: 367
- PDF Downloads: 17
- Cited By: 0
