Mechanism of magnetization reversal of 2∶14∶1 high-entropy rare-earth permanent magnets

SHI Zhenhua; HU Xinzhe; ZHOU Houbo; TIAN Zhengying; HU Fengxia; CHEN Yunzhong; SUN Zhigang; SHEN Baogen

doi:10.7498/aps.74.20241340

Abstract

Rare-earth elements share similar ground-state electronic properties, and their unique lanthanide contraction effect can lower the mixing enthalpy of rare-earth elements in high-entropy materials, which is of great significance for fabricating low-cost and high-performance high-entropy rare-earth intermetallic compounds. In this work, the magnetization reversal mechanisms of rapidly quenched ribbons such as Nd_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88 (NdFeB) and the relevant high-entropy rare-earth permanent magnet alloy compounds (La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88 and (La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Gd_0.2Tb_0.2)_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88 are studied by analyzing the magnetization and demagnetization curves, supplemented by Henkel curves and magnetic viscosity coefficient S. Compared with the pure NdFeB sample, the high-entropy rare-earth permanent magnet has the inter-grain exchange coupling significantly enhanced and the magnetic dipole interaction weakened, indicating that the element diffusion mechanism in heavy rare-earth containing high-entropy material homogenizes the sample, and significantly increases the coercivity. The mechanism of the coercivity is the nucleation of magnetization reversal domains in the grains of the hard magnetic phase. The magnetization mechanism is dominated by pinning at low magnetic fields and by nucleation at high magnetic fields, which is different from the magnetization mechanism of pure NdFeB and has some similarities with the self-pinning mechanism. The magnetic viscosity coefficient of (La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88 is larger than that of pure NdFeB. Due to the asynchrony of hard magnetic phase reversal and intergranular magnetic coupling in (La_0.2Pr_0.2Nd_0.2Gd_0.2Tb_0.2)_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88, the magnetic viscosity coefficient is small but the anisotropy field is large. This indicates that high-entropy sample reduces the magnetocrystalline anisotropy field barrier but increases the magnetocrystalline coupling length. This suggests that the magnetization reversal of high-entropy rare-earth permanent magnet material is significantly different from that of conventional rare earth permanent magnet material and it is worthy of further in-depth research.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Magnetism, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
3.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Functional Materials and Application, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
4.
Ganjiang Innovation Academy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341000, China
5.
Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China

Corresponding author: CHEN Yunzhong, yzchen@iphy.ac.cn ; SUN Zhigang, sun_zg@whut.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12174297, 12204342), the Science Center of the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52088101), the Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 202103021224283, 202203021212323), the Scientific Research Start-up Fund of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, China (Grant Nos. 20222015, 20222002), the Outstanding Doctoral Award Program for Working in Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 20222039, 20222040), and the Science and Technology Innovation Project of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2022L288).

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References

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Cited By

图 1 样品的XRD图谱

Figure 1. XRD patterns of all samples.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 样品在室温下的磁滞回线 (a)和M-T曲线 (b)

Figure 2. (a)The magnetic hysteresis loops and (b) the temperature-dependent magnetization (M-T) curves of all the samples.

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图 3 样品A (a)和B (b)的起始磁化曲线和相应至零场的回复曲线

Figure 3. The initial magnetization curves and corresponding recovery curves to zero field of samples A (a) and B (b).

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图 4 样品A(a)和B(b)的退磁曲线和退磁过程中的回复曲线

Figure 4. The demagnetization curves and recovery curves during demagnetization of samples A (a) and B (b).

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图 5 逐渐递增外场至37 kOe所测量的样品A(a)和样品B(c)磁滞回线; (b), (d)由(a)和(c)得到的矫顽力和剩磁与最大外场H的关系, +为第2象限值, –为第4象限值

Figure 5. Magnetization hysteresis loops measured for sample A (a) and sample B (c) with the external field gradually increased up to 37 kOe; (b), (d) the relationship between the coercivity and remanence obtained from (a) and (c) with the maximum external field H, “+” represents a value in the second quadrant, “–” represents a value in the fourth quadrant.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 Nd_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88、样品A、样品B的Henkel曲线

Figure 6. The Henkel curves of Nd_11.76Fe_82.36B_5.88, sample A and sample B.

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图 7 室温下总磁化率χ_tot(a)和磁黏滞系数S (b)与外场H的关系

Figure 7. (a)The total susceptibility (χ_tot) and (b) magnetic viscosity coefficient(S ) of the samples measured at 300 K.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

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map

[1]	Balaji V, Xavior M A 2024 Heliyon 10 e26464 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhao H C, Qiao Y L, Liang X B, Hu Z F, Chen Y X 2020 Rare Metal Mat. Eng. 49 1457
[3]	Fu H, Jiang Y, Zhang M Z, Zhong Z Y, Liang Z, Wang S Y, Du Y P, Yan C H 2024 Chem. Soc. Rev. 53 2211 Google Scholar
[4]	Chen H Y, Gou, J M, Jia W T, Song X, Ma T Y 2023 Acta Mater. 246 118702 Google Scholar
[5]	Zhou C, Liu Y, Li J 2023 Mater. Lett. 347 134534 Google Scholar
[6]	董霄鹏, 赵兴, 殷林瀚, 彭思琦, 王京南, 郭永权 2023 72 107501 Google Scholar Dong X P, Zhao X, Yin L H, Peng S Q, Wang J N, Guo Y 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 107501 Google Scholar
[7]	Li Z, Li Y Q, Liu W Q, Wu D, Chen H, Xia W X, Yue M 2021 Rare Metals 40 180 Google Scholar
[8]	陈允忠, 贺淑莉, 张宏伟, 陈仁杰, 荣传兵, 孙继荣, 沈保根 2005 54 5890 Google Scholar Chen Y Z, He S L, Zhang H W, Chen R J, Rong C B, Sun J R, Shen B G 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 5890 Google Scholar
[9]	张宏伟, 荣传兵, 张健, 张绍英, 沈保根 2003 52 718 Google Scholar Zhang H W, Rong C B, Du X B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 718 Google Scholar
[10]	彭懿, 赵国平, 吴绍全, 斯文静, 万秀琳 2014 63 167505 Google Scholar Peng Y, Zhao G P, Wu S Q, Si W J, Wan X L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 167505 Google Scholar
[11]	李柱柏, 李赟, 秦渊, 张雪峰, 沈保根 2019 68 177501 Google Scholar Li Z B, Li Y, Qin Y, Zhang, X F, Shen B G 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 177501 Google Scholar
[12]	高汝伟, 姜寿亭, 李华, 丘梅影, 郭贻诚 1989 38 439 Google Scholar Gao R W, Jiang S T, Li H, Qiu M Y, Kuo Y C 1989 Acta Phys. Sin. 38 439 Google Scholar
[13]	Zhao G P, Wang X L, Yang C, Xie L H, Zhou, G 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 09K102 Google Scholar
[14]	鲜承伟, 赵国平, 张庆香, 徐劲松 2009 58 3509 Google Scholar Xian C W, Zhao G P, Zhang Q X, Xu J S 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3509 Google Scholar
[15]	Zhang H W, Rong C B, Du X B, Zhang J, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4098 Google Scholar
[16]	孙亚超, 朱明刚, 韩瑞, 石晓宁, 俞能君, 宋利伟, 李卫 2018 金属学报 54 457 Google Scholar Sun Y C, Zhu M G, Han R, Shi X N, Yu N J, Song L W, Li W 2018 Acta Metall. Sin. 54 457 Google Scholar
[17]	李维丹, 谭晓华, 任科智, 刘洁, 徐晖 2016 金属学报 52 561 Google Scholar Li W D, Tan X H, Ren K Z, Liu J, Xu H 2016 Acta Metall. Sin. 52 561 Google Scholar
[18]	邓晨华, 于忠海, 王宇涛, 孔森, 周超, 杨森 2023 72 027501 Google Scholar Deng C H, Yu Z H, Wang Y T, Kong S, Zhou C, Yang S 2023 Acta Phys. Sin. 72 027501 Google Scholar
[19]	张宏伟, 荣传兵, 张绍英, 沈保根 2004 53 4347 Google Scholar Zhang H W, Rong C B, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4347 Google Scholar
[20]	Feutrill E H, McCormick P G, Street R 1996 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 29 2320 Google Scholar
[21]	Street R, Woolley J C 1949 Proc. Phys. Soc. 62 562 Google Scholar
[22]	Crew D C, McCormick P G, Street R 1996 Ieee T. Magn. 32 4356 Google Scholar

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