Mechanism of local stress field enhanced pyroelectric performance of PNZST:AlN composite ceramics

Li Ling; Pan Tian-Ze; Ma Jia-Jun; Zhang Shan-Tao; Wang Yao-Jin

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20221250

Abstract

In this work, composite ceramics (1–x)Pb_0.99Nb_0.02[(Zr_0.57Sn_0.43)_0.94Ti_0.06]_0.98O₃:xAlN (abbreviated (1–x)PNZST:xAlN, x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) are prepared by a two-step solid phase synthesis method. The crystal structures, micromorphologies, domain structure evolutions, ferroelectric, dielectric and pyroelectric properties of those composite ceramics are systematically investigated. The results show that the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between PNZST and AlN creates compressive stresses in the PNZST matrix when cooling down from the sintering temperature, then a metastable ferroelectric (FE) phase is induced in the anti-FE matrix by the AlN component-induced internal stress, and in turn ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase boundary is constructed near room temperature. As the temperature increases, the ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition causes a larger pyroelectric current peak. In particular, the composition with x = 0.1 exhibits a high pyroelectric coefficient p = 3.3×10^–3 C⋅m^–2⋅K^–1 and figure-of-merit with current responsivity F_i = 3.16×10^–9 m⋅V^–1, voltage responsivity F_v = 0.613 m²⋅C^–1, and detectivity F_d = 4.4×10^–4 Pa^–1/2 around human body temperature. Moreover, the enhanced pyroelectric coefficient exists in a broad operation temperature range with a large full width at half maximums of 16.3 ℃ at 37 ℃. With the increase of AlN content, the pyroelectric peak temperature of the composite ceramic is adjustable in a wide temperature range of 37–73 ℃, showing good temperature stability.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
2.
College of Engineering and Applied Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Shan-Tao, stzhang@nju.edu.cn ; Wang Yao-Jin, yjwang@njust.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11874032, 52072178, 52202139), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant Nos. 30920041119, 30922010402), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021M701716), and the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (Grant No. 2022ZB248).

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References

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图 1 不同组分的(1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)复合陶瓷的XRD谱和(111)与(200)衍射峰的放大图谱

Figure 1. XRD patterns of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) ceramics, enlarged (111) and (200) diffraction peaks.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3和0.4)陶瓷的(a)—(e) SEM图像和(f)晶粒尺寸分布　(a) x = 0; (b) x = 0.1; (c) x = 0.2; (d) x = 0.3; (e) x = 0.4; (f)平均晶粒尺寸随AlN含量变化的关系

Figure 2. The SEM images (a)–(e) and grain size distribution (f) of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN: (a) x = 0; (b) x = 0.1; (c) x = 0.2; (d) x = 0.3; (e) x = 0.4; (f) the composition dependence of average grain size.

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图 3 0.9PNZST:0.1ZnO的(a) SEM图像; (b)—(h) Pb, Nb, Zr, Ti, O, Al和N元素分布(比例尺: 2.5 µm)

Figure 3. Typical SEM micrograph (a) and element distribution of Pb, Nb, Zr, Ti, O, Al and N (b)–(h) for 0.9PNZST:0.1ZnO (scale bar: 2.5 µm).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (1–x)PNZST:xAlN陶瓷在直流电压为0, 10, 20, 30和40 V极化后的室温振幅图和相位图　(a) x = 0; (b) x = 0.1

Figure 4. Room temperature out-of-plane amplitude and phase images of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN ceramics after poling with the DC voltage of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 V: (a) x = 0; (b) x = 0.1.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a)—(e)不同组分(1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)陶瓷样品极化后的介电温谱和(f)铁电-反铁电相转变温度T_FE-AFE

Figure 5. Temperature-dependent dielectric properties (a)–(e) and the composition dependent T_FE-AFE (f) of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) composite.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同组分(1–x)PNZST:xAlN陶瓷样品在室温不同电场下的P-E (a)—(e)和J-E (f)—(j)曲线　(a), (f) x = 0; (b), (g) x = 0.1; (c), (h) x = 0.2; (d), (i) x = 0.3; (e), (j) x = 0.4

Figure 6. Electric field-dependent P-E loops (a)–(e) and J-E (f)–(j) curves of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN composite at room temperature: (a), (f) x = 0; (b), (g) x = 0.1; (c), (h) x = 0.2; (d), (i) x = 0.3; (e), (j) x = 0.4.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 不同组分(1–x)PNZST:xAlN陶瓷样品在不同电场下的P-E (a)—(d)和J-E (e)—(h)曲线　(a), (e) x = 0.1; (b), (f) x = 0.2; (c), (g) x = 0.3; (d), (h) x = 0.4

Figure 7. Temperature-dependent P-E loops (a)–(d) and J-E curves (e)–(h) of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN composite at room temperature: (a), (e) x = 0.1; (b), (f) x = 0.2; (c), (g) x = 0.3; (d), (h) x = 0.4.

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图 8 不同组分(1–x)PNZST:xAlN(x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4)陶瓷样品随温度变化的热释电系数值

Figure 8. Temperature-dependent pyroelectric coefficient of (1–x)PNZST:xAlN (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4) composite.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 PNZST:AlN复合陶瓷与其他已报道的无铅材料和PZT基材料的热释电性能参数比较

Table 1. Comparison of the pyroelectric parameters of PNZST:AlN ceramics, other reported lead-free materials and PZT-based materials.

材料组成	介电常数ε_r	介电损耗tanδ	热释电系数p/ (10^–4 C·m^–2·K^–1)	电流优值因子F_i/ (10^–10 m·V^–1)	电压优值因子F_v/ (10^–2 m²·C^–1)	探测率优值因子F_d/ (10^–5 Pa^–1/2)	文献
TGS	55	0.025	5.5	2.12	43	6.1	[1]
LiTaO₃ crystal	47	0.0005	2.3	0.72	17	15.7	[1]
PVDF	11	0.02	0.3	0.13	13.4	0.9	[35]
BNT-BT	403	0.011	2.42		2.68	1.53	[2]
BNT-BT-ST	1278	0.109	5.7	2.08	1.8	0.589	[2]
PLZT	511	0.014	4.0	1.66	3.6	2.07	[36]
KNN-BKT	980	0.035	2.18	0.994	1.14	0.57	[37]
BNT-BA-KNN	514	0.029	3.7	1.32	2.89	1.15	[38]
BCT-BST	3500	0.025	2.05	1	0.32	0.41	[39]
CSBN	328	0.033	1.24	0.6	2.03	0.61	[40]
PZT-based	290	0.0027	3.8		6.0	5.8	[2]
KBT-BT-NBT	660	0.23	2.58	0.92	1.5	0.53	[34]
PIMNT film	2824	0.004	8.5	3.40	1.4	1.03	[11]
x = 0.1	583.6	0.01	33.0	31.6	61.3	44.0	本工作

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[1]	Liu Z, Lu T, Dong X, Wang G, Liu Y 2021 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferr. 68 242 Google Scholar
[2]	Jia J, Guo S, Yan S, Cao F, Yao C, Dong X, Wang G 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 032902 Google Scholar
[3]	Whatmore R W 1986 Rep. Prog. Phys. 49 1135 Google Scholar
[4]	Wang Y, Yuan G, Luo H, Li J, Viehland D 2017 Phys. Rev. Appl. 8 034032 Google Scholar
[5]	Domingo N, Bagués N, Santiso J, Catalan G 2015 Phys. Rev. B 91 094111 Google Scholar
[6]	Pandya S, Wilbur J, Kim J, Gao R, Dasgupta A, Dames C, Martin L W 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 432 Google Scholar
[7]	Yang M M, Luo Z D, Mi Z, Zhao J, Sharel P E, Alexe M 2020 Nature 584 377 Google Scholar
[8]	郭少波, 闫世光, 曹菲, 姚春华, 王根水, 董显林 2020 69 127708 Google Scholar Guo S B, Yan S G, Cao F, Yao C H, Wang G S, Dong X L 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 127708 Google Scholar
[9]	Xu Y Q, Wu N J, Ignatiev A 2000 J. Appl. Phys. 88 1004 Google Scholar
[10]	Zhang S, Lebrun L, Jeong D Y, Randall C A, Zhang Q, Shrout T R 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 93 9257 Google Scholar
[11]	Huang X, Tang Y, Wang F, Ming Leung C, Zhao X, Qin X, Wang T, Duan Z, Wu Y, Wang J, Shi W 2022 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 105 327 Google Scholar
[12]	He H, Lu X, Hanc E, Chen C, Zhang H, Lu L 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 1494 Google Scholar
[13]	Song K, Ma N, Mishra Y K, Adelung R, Yang Y 2019 Adv. Electron. Mater. 5 1800413 Google Scholar
[14]	Srikanth K S, Singh V P, Vaish R 2017 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 37 3943 Google Scholar
[15]	Patel S, Weyland F, Tan X, Novak N 2018 Energy Technology 6 865 Google Scholar
[16]	Li L, Liu H, Wang R X, Zhang H, Huang H, Lu M H, Zhang S T, Jiang S, Wu D, Chen Y F 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 7820 Google Scholar
[17]	Liu B, Li L, Zhang S T, Zhou L, Tan X 2022 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 105 794 Google Scholar
[18]	Riemer L M, Lalitha K V, Jiang X, Liu N, Dietz C, Stark R W, Groszewicz P B, Buntkowsky G, Chen J, Zhang S T, Rodel J, Koruza J 2017 Act. Mater. 136 271 Google Scholar
[19]	Yin J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wu B, Wu J 2018 Act. Mater. 158 269 Google Scholar
[20]	Tabary P, Servant C, Alary J A 2000 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 20 913 Google Scholar
[21]	田野, 靳立, 冯玉军, 庄永勇, 徐卓, 魏晓勇 2017 物理学进展 37 155 Tian Y, Jin L, Feng Y J, Zhuang Y Y, Xu Z, Wei X 2017 Prog. Phys. 37 155
[22]	Wang H, Jiang B, Thomas R S, Cao W 2004 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferr. 51 908 Google Scholar
[23]	Lee H J, Zhang S, Luo J, Li F, Shrout T R 2010 Adv. Funct. Mater. 20 3154 Google Scholar
[24]	Shen M, Hu Z, Qiu Y, Qiu S, Li M Y, Zhang G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Kagawa F, Jiang S 2019 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39 5243 Google Scholar
[25]	You D, Tan H, Yan Z, Gao H, Chen S, Ma W, Fan P, Tran N M, Liu Y, Salamon D, Zhang H 2022 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 14 17652 Google Scholar
[26]	Tan X, Frederick J, Ma C, Aulbach E, Marsilius M, Hong W, Granzow T, Jo W, Rödel J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 014103 Google Scholar
[27]	Tan X, Jo W, Granzow T, Frederick J, Aulbach E, Rödel J 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 042909 Google Scholar
[28]	Frederick J, Tan X, Jo W 2011 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 1149 Google Scholar
[29]	He H, Tan X 2007 J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 19 136003 Google Scholar
[30]	Tan X, Frederick J, Ma C, Jo W, Rodel J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 255702 Google Scholar
[31]	Yang X, Zhuo F, Wang C, Liu Y, Wang Z, He C, Long X 2020 Act. Mater. 186 523 Google Scholar
[32]	Li S, Nie H, Wang G, Liu N, Zhou M, Cao F, Dong X 2019 J. Mater. Chem. C 7 4403 Google Scholar
[33]	Zhou M, Liang R, Zhou Z, Dong X 2019 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 103 193 Google Scholar
[34]	Thakre A, Maurya D, Kim D Y, Kim Y, Sriboriboon P, Yoo I R, Priya S, Cho K H, Song H C, Ryu J 2021 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 2524 Google Scholar
[35]	Whatmore R W 2021 Encyclopedia Mater. Tech. Ceram. Glasses 3 139
[36]	Qiao P, Zhang Y, Chen X, Zhou M, Wang G, Dong X 2019 Ceram. Int. 45 7114 Google Scholar
[37]	Jiang X P, Chen Y, Lam K H, Choy S H, Wang J 2010 J. Alloys Compd. 506 323 Google Scholar
[38]	Liu Z, Ren W, Peng P, Guo S, Lu T, Liu Y, Dong X, Wang G 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 112 142903 Google Scholar
[39]	Srikanth K S, Patel S, Steiner S, Vaish R 2018 Scr. Mater. 146 146 Google Scholar
[40]	Chen H, Guo S, Dong X, Cao F, Mao C, Wang G 2017 J. Alloys Compd. 695 2723 Google Scholar

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