Simulation of neutron irradiation damage in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate by Monte Carlo method

Wang Li-Min; Duan Bing-Huang; Xu Xian-Guo; Li Hao; Chen Zhi-Jun; Yang Kun-Jie; Zhang Shuo

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20212041

Abstract

Lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) has a broad application prospect for energy storage devices with high energy density, since it possesses excellent dielectric and energy storage properties. To investigate the irradiation damage to the PLZT induced by neutrons with different energy, the primary energetic recoil spectra of each kind of element are first extracted from the transportation simulations of neutrons with energy ranging from 1 to 14 MeV, respectively. Then, the displacement damages (including vacancies and interstitial atoms) induced by each type of recoil with different energy are simulated based on the binary collision approximation method. Finally the number of defects in PLZT produced by neutrons with an energy range from 1 to 14 MeV is calculated based on the recoil energy spectra and the defect number produced by the recoils. The results show that the number of defects produced in the PLZT material with a thickness of 3 cm is approximately independent of the neutron energy for the fast neutrons with energy in a range from 1 to 14 MeV, even though the primary recoil energy spectra from neutrons with different energy are completely different. The average number of defects produced in 3-cm-thick PLZT is about 460 ± 120 vacancies/neutrons. For neutrons with energy ranging from 1 to 14 MeV, the produced defect concentration in PLZT decreases slightly with the depth increasing within a thickness of 3 cm. The difference in defect concentration in this 3 cm is in a range of 50%. This decrease is caused mainly by the fact that some of neutrons are back-scattered during transport. The average defect concentration produced by neutron irradiation in the PLZT with a thickness of 3 cm is slightly(～20%) higher than that in the PLZT with a thickness of 1 mm. The reason for the higher defect concentration in a thicker (3 cm) PLZT can be attributed to the following facts: (i) the (n, 2n) reactions between neutron and material can make the number of neutrons increase during transport; (ii) the scattering can make the path of neutron longer; (iii) the inelastic scattering can lead to a smallnumber of moderated neutrons, which have a slightly larger interaction cross section with materials. This indicates the damage produced in thick PLZT is quite complicated and closely related to the process of neutron transport. This work presents a method of calculating the displacement damage of neutrons in materials, and the simulation results can provide guidance for studying the neutron irradiation effects of PLZT-based electronic devices.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
2.
Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
3.
College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China

Corresponding author: Zhang Shuo, zhangshuo@lzu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National NaturalScience Foundationof China (Grant Nos. 11875154, 12005200), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(Grant No.lzujbky-2019-13).

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References

[1]	谢飞, 臧航, 刘方, 何欢, 廖文龙, 黄煜 2020 69 192401 Google Scholar Xie F, Zang H, Liu F, He H, Liao W L, Huang Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 192401 Google Scholar
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Cited By

图 1 模拟中材料的中子辐照位置示意

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of neutron irradiated region in the simulations.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 3 MeV(a)和10 MeV(b)中子辐照3 cm厚PLZT材料产生的初级反冲原子能谱

Figure 2. Energy spectra of primary kinetic atoms produced by 3 MeV (a) and 10 MeV (b) neutron irradiation in PLZT with a thickness of 3 cm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 弹性散射和非弹性散射过程引起的反冲原子数目

Figure 3. Number of recoils caused by elastic scattering and inelastic scattering.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 1—14 MeV中子辐照3 cm厚PLZT材料产生的反冲原子数目(对应左侧Y轴的红色点线)和未与材料发生作用的中子数目(对应右侧Y轴的蓝色点线)

Figure 4. Number of recoils (corresponding to the red dotted line and the left Y-axis) and the number of neutrons without interaction(corresponding to the blue dotted line and the right Y-axis) during irradiation of neutrons with energies from 1 to 14 MeVin PLZT with a thickness of 3 cm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 不同能量、类型的离子在PLZT材料中产生的空位缺陷数目

Figure 5. Number of vacancies produced by different types of ions in PLZT.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 1—14 MeV中子在3 cm厚PLZT材料中平均每个中子产生的空位缺陷数目

Figure 6. The average number of vacancy defects inducedby irradiation of neutrons with energies range from1 to14 MeV in PLZT material with a thickness of 3 cm.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 平均每个1 MeV(a), 3 MeV(b), 10 MeV(c)和14 MeV(d)中子在PLZT材料中产生的空穴缺陷数目随深度的变化

Figure 7. The depth distribution of vacancies produced by neutrons with energy of 1 MeV (a), 3 MeV (b), 10 MeV (c) and 14 MeV (d) in PLZT.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 1—14 MeV中子在1 mm PLZT材料和3 cm PLZT材料中每毫米内的空位缺陷数目

Figure 8. Number of vacancies per millimeter produced by neutrons with energies from 1 to 14 MeV in PLZT materials with different thicknesses (1 mm and 3 cm).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

map

[1]	谢飞, 臧航, 刘方, 何欢, 廖文龙, 黄煜 2020 69 192401 Google Scholar Xie F, Zang H, Liu F, He H, Liao W L, Huang Y 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 192401 Google Scholar
[2]	Hazdra P, Záhlava V, Vobecký J 2014 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 327 124 Google Scholar
[3]	Sharma R K, Hazdra P, Popelka S 2015 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 62 534 Google Scholar
[4]	Rauls M B, Dong W, Huber J E, Lynch C S 2011 Acta Mater. 59 2713 Google Scholar
[5]	Kumar A, Prasad V V B, Raju K C J, James A R 2016 J. Alloys Compd. 654 95 Google Scholar
[6]	He H, Tan X 2007 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 90 2090 Google Scholar
[7]	Hao X, Zhai J, Kong L B, Xu Z 2014 Prog. Mater. Sci. 63 1 Google Scholar
[8]	Haertling G H, Land C E 1971 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 54 1
[9]	Sternberg A, Krumina A, Sprogis A, Rubulis A, Grinvalds G, Shebanov L, Weber H W, Klima H, Schwabl H, Dindun S, Ulmanis U 1992 Ferroelectrics 126 233 Google Scholar
[10]	Bittner R, Humer K, Weber H W, Cakare L, Sternberg A, Lesnyh D. A, Kulikov D V, Trushin Y V 2002 Integr. Ferroelectr. 47 143 Google Scholar
[11]	Kulikov D V, Trushin Y V, Kharlamov V S, Bittner R, Schmidt A A 2000 Proc. SPIE 4348 264
[12]	Sternberg A, Kundzins K, Zauls V, Aulika I, Akare L, Bittner R, Weber H, Humer K, Lesnyh D, Kulikov D 2004 J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24 1653 Google Scholar
[13]	Nordlund K, Zinkle S J, Sand A E, Granberg F, Averback R S, Stoller R E, Suzudo T, Malerba L, Banhart F, Weber W J, Willaime F, Dudarev S L, Simeone D 2018 J. Nucl. Mater. 512 450 Google Scholar
[14]	Nordlund K 2019 J. Nucl. Mater. 520 273 Google Scholar
[15]	Robinson M T, Torrens I M 1974 Phys. Rev. B 9 5008 Google Scholar
[16]	Zhang S, Nordlund K, Djurabekova F, Granberg F, Zhang Y, Wang T S 2017 Mater. Res. Lett. 5 433 Google Scholar
[17]	Djurabekova F G, Pugacheva T S, Umarov F F, Yugay S V 2000 International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology Proceedings. Ion Implantation Technology-2000 (Cat. No. 00EX432), 17–22 Sept. 2000 228
[18]	Zhang S, Wang B W, Zhang L M, Liu N, Wang T S, Duan B H, Xu X G 2021 J. Phys. D:Appl. Phys. 54 245104 Google Scholar
[19]	Zhang S, Nordlund K, Djurabekova F, Zhang Y, Velisa G, Wang T S 2016 Phys. Rev. E 94 043319 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang S, Pakarinen O H, Backholm M, Djurabekova F, Nordlund K, Keinonen J, Wang T S 2017 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 30 015403
[21]	Bukonte L, Djurabekova F, Samela J, Nordlund K, Norris S A, Aziz M J 2013 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 297 23 Google Scholar
[22]	Klaver T P C, Zhang S, Nordlund K 2017 J. Nucl. Mater. 492 113 Google Scholar
[23]	Agostinelli S, Allison J, Amako K, et al. 2003 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A 506 250 Google Scholar
[24]	Allison J, Amako K, Apostolakis J, et al. 2016 Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 835 186 Google Scholar
[25]	Allison J, Amako K, Apostolakis J, et al. 2006 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 53 270 Google Scholar
[26]	Nuclear Energy Agency http://www.oecd-nea.org/dbdata/jeff/jeff33/
[27]	Mendoza E, Cano-Ott D, Koi T, Guerrero C 2014 IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 61 2357 Google Scholar
[28]	J. F. Ziegler, J. P. Biersack, Littmark U 1985 The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (Pergamon, New York: Pergamon Press)
[29]	Ziegler J F http://www.srim.org/
[30]	Chadwick M B, Herman M, Obložinský P, et al. 2011 Nucl. Data Sheets 112 2887 Google Scholar

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