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Recent work has rendered possible the formulation for the nonlinear propagation of pressure waves in liquids by using the generalized Navier - Stokes equations and the modified equations of state, with the heat transfer and fluid viscidity taken into consideration. And the nonlinear approximation solution of the second order term is obtained. The conclusion concerns the acoustic pressure, phase speed, attenuation, and velocity distribution function. When the amplitude of driving acoustic pressure is higher than the cavitation threshold of the host liquid, the cavitation occurs. The cavitation bubbles will prevent the sound field from spreading in the liquid, and the acoustic energy accumulates near the cavitation zone. So when studying the transmission characteristics of acoustic wave in the liquid, the cavitation attenuation must be considered. Note that the particularity of cavitation bubble movement, cavitation bubble vibration and viscous force are simulated under the initial driving sound. Through the analysis, it is found that the transmission of sound is influenced by the viscosity of the fluid, heat transfer, driving sound pressure (amplitude, frequency, duration) and cavitation bubble in liquid. The physical mechanism is that the higher driving pressure causes the cavitation to turn stronger, the acoustic loss to be faster, the sound propagation distance to be smalletr and the vibration of bubbles to transfer energy from the fundamental wave to harmonics. As a result, the stronger absorption from the liquid causes abnormal phenomena, and the output sound is lower finally. It shows that the nonlinear radial motion of cavitation bubble is mainly responsible for the sound intensity attenuation.
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Keywords:
- nonlinear acoustics /
- Navier-Stokes equations /
- cavitation bubbles
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Qian Z W 2009 Nonliear Acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) p29 (in Chinese)
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Google Scholar
Qian Z W 1981 Acta Phys. Sin. 30 442
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
Shen Z Z, Lin S Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104302
Google Scholar
[21] 沈壮志, 林书玉 2011 60 084302
Google Scholar
Shen Z Z, Lin S Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084302
Google Scholar
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图 1 声衰减随距离的变化曲线
Figure 1. The curve of sound attenuation with distance.
图 2 声压分布曲线
Figure 2. Distribution of the sound pressure.
图 3 声空泡半径随驱动声压的变化曲线
Figure 3. The curve of bubbles radius with pressure.
图 4 黏滞力随时间的变化曲线
Figure 4. The curve of viscosity with distance.
图 5 有无空化两种情况下的声压分布
Figure 5. Distribution of the sound pressure with or without cavitation.
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[1] Louisnard O 2012 Ultrason. Sonochem. 19 56
Google Scholar
[2] Louisnard O 2012 Ultrason. Sonochem. 19 66
Google Scholar
[3] Ashokumar M 2011 Ultrason. Sonochem. 18 864
Google Scholar
[4] Wang X, Chen W Z, Liang S D, Zhao T Y, Liang J F 2017 Phys. Rev. E 95 033118
Google Scholar
[5] Wang X, Chen W Z, Y ang J, Liang S D 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 123 214904
Google Scholar
[6] 陈伟中 2018 应用声学 37 675
Google Scholar
Chen W Z 2018 J. Appl. Acoustics 37 675
Google Scholar
[7] Wijngaarden L V 1972 Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 4 369
Google Scholar
[8] Commander K W, Prosperetti A 1989 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85 732
Google Scholar
[9] Vanhille C, Cleofé C P 2011 Ultrason. Sonochem. 18 679
Google Scholar
[10] Thiessen R J, Cheviakov A F 2019 Commun. Nonliear. Sci. Numer. Simul. 73 244
Google Scholar
[11] Xu F S, Midoux N, Li H Z, Hébrard G, Dietrich N 2019 Chem. Eng. Technol. 42 2321
Google Scholar
[12] Zhang H H 2020 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147 399
Google Scholar
[13] Church C C 1995 J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97 1510
Google Scholar
[14] Rayleigh L 1917 Philos. Mag. 34 94
Google Scholar
[15] Smerera P 2002 J. Fluid Mech. 454 287
Google Scholar
[16] 陈伟中 2014 声空化物理(北京: 科学出版社) 第58页
Chen W Z 2014 Acoustic Cavitation Physics (Beijing: Science Press) p58 (in Chinese)
[17] 钱祖文 2009 非线性声学 (北京: 科学出版社) 第29页
Qian Z W 2009 Nonliear Acoustics (Beijing: Science Press) p29 (in Chinese)
[18] 杜功焕, 朱哲民, 龚秀芬 2001 声学基础 (南京: 南京大学出版社) 第491页
Du G H, Zhu Z M, Gong X F 2001 Fundamentals of Sound (Nanjing: Nanjing University Press) p491 (in Chinese)
[19] 钱祖文 1981 30 442
Google Scholar
Qian Z W 1981 Acta Phys. Sin. 30 442
Google Scholar
[20] 沈壮志, 林书玉 2011 60 104302
Google Scholar
Shen Z Z, Lin S Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 104302
Google Scholar
[21] 沈壮志, 林书玉 2011 60 084302
Google Scholar
Shen Z Z, Lin S Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 084302
Google Scholar
[22] Tomko J, O’Malley S M, Trout C, Naddeo J J, Jimenez R, Griepenburg J C, Soliman W, Bubb D M 2017 Colloids Surf., A 522 368
Google Scholar
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