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Diamond, a wide band gap semiconductor material, has been attracting interest in several fields from electrics and optics to biomedicine and quantum computing due to its outstanding properties. These properties of diamond are related to its unique lattice and optically active defect centers. In this paper, the dependence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center on measurement temperature is studied by using the low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy in a temperature range of 80–200 K. The results show that with the increase of the measurement temperature, the zero phonon lines of NV defects are red-shifted, its intensity decreases and its full width at half maximum increases. These results are attributed to the synergetic process of the lattice expansion and quadratic electron-phonon coupling. The NV— and NV0 centers have similar values in the quenching activation energy and the thermal softening coefficient, resulting from their similar structures. The small differences may be associated with the electron-phonon coupling. The broadening mechanism of the NV centers is carefully distinguished by
$T^3,\; T^5,\; T^7$ Voigt function fitting with the relation. These results show that the full width at half maximum of the Gaussian component of NV— and NV0 centers are randomly distributed near 0.1 meV and 2.1 meV, respectively, while the full width at half maximum of the Lorentz component of NV— and NV0 centers increase with measurement temperature increasing. The full width at half maximum of Lorentz of NV— and NV0 centers conform to the$ T^3 $ relationship. It can be proved that under the action of the fluctuating field, the zero phonon lines of the NV defects exhibit an obvious homogeneous widening mechanism.-
Keywords:
- diamond /
- nitrogen /
- defect /
- photoluminescence
[1] 张秀芝, 王凯悦, 李志宏, 朱玉梅, 田玉明, 柴跃生 2015 64 247802
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[2] Neumann P, Beck J, Steiner M, Rempp F, Fedder H, Hemmer P R 2010 Science 329 542
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[3] Capelli M, Heffernan A H, Ohshima T, Abe H, Jeske J, Hope A, Greentree A D, Reineck P, Gibson B C 2019 Carbon 143 714
Google Scholar
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[6] Chen X D, Dong C H, Sun F W, Zou C L, Cui J M 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161903
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[7] Doherty M W, Acosta V M, Jarmola A, Barson M S J, Manson N B, Budker D, Hollenberg L C L 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 041201
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[8] 王凯悦, 朱玉梅, 李志宏, 田玉明, 柴跃生, 赵志刚, 刘开 2013 62 097803
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Geng C W, Ma Z B, Xia Y H, Li Y C, Heng F 2018 Vac. Sci. Techno. 38 384
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Google Scholar
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Wang K Y, Li Z H, Tian Y M, Zhu Y M, Zhao Y Y, Chai Y S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 067802
Google Scholar
[14] Wang K, Steeds J W, Li Z, Tian Y 2016 Microsc. Microanal. 102 108
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Google Scholar
[16] Shames A I, Osipov V Y, Bogdanov K V, Baranov A V, Zhukovskaya M V, Dalis A, Vagarali S S, Rampersaud A 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 5232
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[17] Bogdanov K V, Zhukovskaya M V, Osipov V Y, Ushakova E V, Baranov M A, Takai K, Rampersaud A, Baranov A V 2018 APL Mater. 6 086104
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[19] Varshni Y P 1967 Physica 34 149
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[23] Khomich A A, Khmelnitskii R A, Poklonskaya O N, Averin A A, Bokova-Sirosh S N, Poklonskii N A, Ralchenko V G, Khomicha A V 2019 J. Appl. Spectrosc 86 597
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 低氮金刚石氮杂质的SIMS数据
Figure 1. SIMS data of nitrogen impurities in low nitrogen diamond.
图 2 低氮金刚石的光学照片
Figure 2. Optical photograph of low nitrogen diamond.
图 3 低氮金刚石的低温PL光谱 (a) 辐照前; (b) 辐照后; (c) 900 ℃退火后
Figure 3. Low temperature PL spectra of low nitrogen diamond: (a) Before irradiation; (b) after irradiation; (c) 900 ℃ annealing.
图 4 低氮金刚石辐照退火后不同激发功率的低温PL光谱(最大激发功率为50 mW (选用100%功率档))
Figure 4. Low temperature PL spectra of low nitrogen diamond at different laser powers after irradiation and annealing (The maximum laser power is 50 mW (100%)).
图 5 低氮金刚石经辐照退火后在80—200 K测试温度下的PL光谱
Figure 5. PL spectra of low nitrogen diamond at 80–200 K after irradiation and annealing.
图 6 零声子线随测试温度的变化 (a) 零声子线位置; (b) 零声子线强度; (c) 零声子线半高宽
Figure 6. Variation curves of zero phonon lines with measurement temperature: (a) Position; (b) intensity; (c) full width at half maximum.
图 7 不同温度下PL光谱的Voigt曲线拟合 (a) 1.945 eV; (b) 2.155 eV
Figure 7. Voigt curve fitting of PL spectra at different temperatures: (a) 1.945 eV; (b) 2.155 eV.
图 8 NV缺陷零声子线高斯分量半高宽和洛伦兹分量半高宽随测试温度的变化 (a) NV—; (b) NV0
Figure 8. Temperature dependence of Gaussian width and Lorentzian width derived from the deconvolution routine for the NV center: (a) NV—; (b) NV0.
表 1 金刚石合成参数(1 sccm = 1 mL/min, 1 Torr
$ \approx $ 133.322 Pa)Table 1. Synthetic parameters of diamond.
参数 H2流量/sccm CH4/H2体积分数/% 微波功率/W 压强/Torr 温度/℃ 数值 300 5 3100 90 1060 
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[1] 张秀芝, 王凯悦, 李志宏, 朱玉梅, 田玉明, 柴跃生 2015 64 247802
Google Scholar
Zhang X Z, Wang K Y, Li Z H, Zhu Y M, Tian Y M, Chai Y S 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 247802
Google Scholar
[2] Neumann P, Beck J, Steiner M, Rempp F, Fedder H, Hemmer P R 2010 Science 329 542
Google Scholar
[3] Capelli M, Heffernan A H, Ohshima T, Abe H, Jeske J, Hope A, Greentree A D, Reineck P, Gibson B C 2019 Carbon 143 714
Google Scholar
[4] Davies G 1974 J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 7 3797
Google Scholar
[5] Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang H, Wang H 2019 Mater. Lett. 234 45
Google Scholar
[6] Chen X D, Dong C H, Sun F W, Zou C L, Cui J M 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161903
Google Scholar
[7] Doherty M W, Acosta V M, Jarmola A, Barson M S J, Manson N B, Budker D, Hollenberg L C L 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 041201
Google Scholar
[8] 王凯悦, 朱玉梅, 李志宏, 田玉明, 柴跃生, 赵志刚, 刘开 2013 62 097803
Google Scholar
Wang K Y, Zhu Y M, Li Z H, Tian Y M, Chai Y S, Zhao Z G, Liu K 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 097803
Google Scholar
[9] 王凯悦, 张文晋, 张宇飞, 丁森川, 常森, 王慧军 2018 人工晶体学报 47 2334
Google Scholar
Wang K Y, Zhang W J, Zhang Y F, Ding S C, Chang S, Wang H J 2018 J. Synthetic Cryst. 47 2334
Google Scholar
[10] 耿传文, 马志斌, 夏禹豪, 李艳春, 衡凡 2018 真空科学与技术学报 38 384
Google Scholar
Geng C W, Ma Z B, Xia Y H, Li Y C, Heng F 2018 Vac. Sci. Techno. 38 384
Google Scholar
[11] 李灿华, 廖源, 常超, 王冠中, 方容川 2000 49 1756
Google Scholar
Li C H, Liao Y, Chang C, Wang G Z, Fang R C 2000 Acta Phys. Sin. 49 1756
Google Scholar
[12] Liang Q, Chin C Y, Lai J, Yan C, Meng Y, Mao H, Hemley R J 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 024103
Google Scholar
[13] 王凯悦, 李志宏, 田玉明, 朱玉梅, 赵媛媛, 柴跃生 2013 62 067802
Google Scholar
Wang K Y, Li Z H, Tian Y M, Zhu Y M, Zhao Y Y, Chai Y S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 067802
Google Scholar
[14] Wang K, Steeds J W, Li Z, Tian Y 2016 Microsc. Microanal. 102 108
Google Scholar
[15] Steeds J W, Charles S J, Davies J, Griffin I 2000 Diamond Relat. Mater. 9 397
Google Scholar
[16] Shames A I, Osipov V Y, Bogdanov K V, Baranov A V, Zhukovskaya M V, Dalis A, Vagarali S S, Rampersaud A 2017 J. Phys. Chem. C 121 5232
Google Scholar
[17] Bogdanov K V, Zhukovskaya M V, Osipov V Y, Ushakova E V, Baranov M A, Takai K, Rampersaud A, Baranov A V 2018 APL Mater. 6 086104
Google Scholar
[18] Lawson S C, Kanda H, Watanabe K, Kiflflawi I, Sato Y 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 79 4348
Google Scholar
[19] Varshni Y P 1967 Physica 34 149
Google Scholar
[20] Hizhnyakov V, Kaasik H, Sildos I 2002 Phys. Status Solidi B 234 644
Google Scholar
[21] Neu E, Hepp C, Hauschild M, Gsell S, Fischer M, Sternschulte H, Steinmüller-Nethl D, Schreck M, Becher C 2013 New J. Phys. 15 043005
Google Scholar
[22] Benabdesselam M, Petitfifils A, Wrobel F, Butler J E, Mady F 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 114908
Google Scholar
[23] Khomich A A, Khmelnitskii R A, Poklonskaya O N, Averin A A, Bokova-Sirosh S N, Poklonskii N A, Ralchenko V G, Khomicha A V 2019 J. Appl. Spectrosc 86 597
Google Scholar
[24] Zaitsev A M 2001 Optical Properties of Diamond: a Data Handbook (Berlin: Springer) p458
[25] Ricci P C, Casu A, Anedda A 2009 J. Phys. Chem. A 113 13901
Google Scholar
[26] Siyushev P, Jacques V, Aharonovich I, Kaiser F, Müller T, Lombez L, Atatüre M, Castelletto S, Prawer S, Jelezko F 2009 New J. Phys. 11 113029
Google Scholar
[27] Tandon N, Albrecht J D, Ram-Mohan L R 2015 Diamond Relat. Mater. 56 1
Google Scholar
[28] Reshchikova M A 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 012010
Google Scholar
[29] Fu K, Santori C, Barclay P, Rogers L, Manson N, Beausoleil R 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 256404
Google Scholar
[30] Hizhnyakov V, Boltrushko V, Kaasik H, Sildos I 2004 J. Lumin. 107 351
Google Scholar
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