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The 3107 cm-1 peak is observed in the infrared absorption spectra of all types of Ia diamonds, but it has not been observed in the iron-based catalyst. A series of nitrogen and hydrogen-doped diamond crystals is successfully synthesized using P3N5 as the nitrogen source in a catalyst-carbon system at a lower pressure and temperature (6.3 GPa, 1500 ℃). Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy reveals that the hydrogen atoms existing in the synthesized diamond are in two forms. The one is attributed to the CH bond stretching (3107 cm-1) and bending (1405 cm-1) vibrations of the vinylidene group (C＝CH2). The other is due to sp3 hybridization CH bond symmetric (2850 cm-1) and anti-symmetric (2920 cm-1) vibrations. According to our result, we find that the 3107 cm-1 hydrogen absorption peak is related to the aggregated nitrogen in synthetic diamond. The 3107 cm-1 peak could not be observed in synthetic diamond without aggregated nitrogen, even if it has a high nitrogen concentration. And the hydrogen absorption peaks at 2920 and 2850 cm-1 are more widespread than the absorption peak at 3107 cm-1, this suggests that the sp3 CH bond more widely exists in diamond than the vinylidene group (C＝CH2). Infrared spectra analysis indicates that the hydrogen impurity mainly exists in the natural diamond as vinylidene group as seen from the absorption peak intensity. We believe that our results provide a new way to study the formation mechanism of the natural diamond. Moreover, the ideal synthesis condition in our system supplies a possible way for us to design n-type diamond semiconductor.
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Keywords:
- diamond /
- nitrogen and hydrogen co-doped diamond crystals /
- Fourier transform infrared spectra
[1] Kim Y D, Choi W, Wakimoto H, Usami S, Tomokage H, Ando T 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 3219
[2] Zhang W J, Wu Y, Wong W K, Meng X M, Chan C Y, Bello I, Lifshitz Y, Lee S T 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 3365
[3] Wang J, Chen G, Chatrathi M P, Fujishima A, Tryk D A, Shin D 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 935
[4] Shin D, Sarada B V, Tryk D A, Fujishima A, Wang J 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 530
[5] Hu M H, Ma H A, Yan B M, Zhang Z F, Li Y, Zhou Z X, Qin J M, Jia X P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 078102 (in Chinese) [胡美华, 马红安, 颜丙敏, 张壮飞, 李勇, 周振翔, 秦杰明, 贾晓鹏 2012 61 078102]
[6] Koizumi S, Watanabe K, Hasegawa M, Kanda H 2001 Science 292 1899
[7] Yu B D, Miyamoto Y, Sugino O 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 976
[8] Polyakov V I, Rukovishnikov A I, Rossukanyi N M, Ralchenko V G 2001 Diam. Relat. Mater. 10 593
[9] Zhang Z F, Jia X P, Liu X B, Hu M H, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 038103
[10] Liang Z Z, Kanda H, Jia X P, Ma H A, Zhu P W, Guan Q F, Zang C Y 2006 Carbon 44 913
[11] Chrenko R M, McDonald R S, Darrow K A 1967 Nature 213 474
[12] Runciman W A, Carter T 1971 Solid St. Commun. 9 315
[13] Woods G S, Collins A T 1983 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 44 471
[14] Palyanov Y N, Kupriyanov I N, Borzdov Y M, Sokol A G, Khonkhryakov A F 2009 Cryst. Growth. Des. 9 2922
[15] Meng Y F Yan C S, Lai J, Krasnicki S, Shu H Y, Yu T, Liang Q, Mao H K, Hemley R J 2008 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 17620
[16] Charles S J, Butler J E, Feygelson B N, Newton M E, Carroll D I, Steeds J W, Darwish H, Yan C S, Mao H K, Hemley R J 2004 Phys. Status Solidi A 201 2473
[17] Borzdov Y, Pal'yanov Y, Kupriyanov I, Gusev V, Khokhryakov A, Sokol A, Efremov A 2002 Diam. Relat. Mater. 11 1863
[18] Kiflawi I, Fisher D, Kanda H, Sittas G 1996 Diam. Relat. Mater. 5 1516
[19] Zhang Z F, Jia X P, Sun S S, Liu X B, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2013 Int. J. Refractory Metals Hard Mater. 38 111
[20] Li Y, Jia X P, Hu M H, Liu X B, Yan B M, Zhou Z X, Zhang Z F, Ma H A 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 058101
[21] Ma H A, Jia X P, Chen L X, Zhu P W, Guo W L, Guo X B, Wang Y D, Li S Q, Zou G T, Bex P 2002 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 11269
[22] Coudberg P, Catherine Y 1987 Thin Solid Films 146 93
[23] McNamara K M, Williams B E, Gleason K K, Scruggs B E 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 2466
[24] Field J E 1992 The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond (London: Academic) pp36-41, 81-179
[25] Kanda H, Akaishi M Yamaoka S 1999 Diam. Relat. Mater. 8 1441
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[1] Kim Y D, Choi W, Wakimoto H, Usami S, Tomokage H, Ando T 1999 Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 3219
[2] Zhang W J, Wu Y, Wong W K, Meng X M, Chan C Y, Bello I, Lifshitz Y, Lee S T 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 3365
[3] Wang J, Chen G, Chatrathi M P, Fujishima A, Tryk D A, Shin D 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 935
[4] Shin D, Sarada B V, Tryk D A, Fujishima A, Wang J 2003 Anal. Chem. 75 530
[5] Hu M H, Ma H A, Yan B M, Zhang Z F, Li Y, Zhou Z X, Qin J M, Jia X P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 078102 (in Chinese) [胡美华, 马红安, 颜丙敏, 张壮飞, 李勇, 周振翔, 秦杰明, 贾晓鹏 2012 61 078102]
[6] Koizumi S, Watanabe K, Hasegawa M, Kanda H 2001 Science 292 1899
[7] Yu B D, Miyamoto Y, Sugino O 2000 Appl. Phys. Lett. 76 976
[8] Polyakov V I, Rukovishnikov A I, Rossukanyi N M, Ralchenko V G 2001 Diam. Relat. Mater. 10 593
[9] Zhang Z F, Jia X P, Liu X B, Hu M H, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 038103
[10] Liang Z Z, Kanda H, Jia X P, Ma H A, Zhu P W, Guan Q F, Zang C Y 2006 Carbon 44 913
[11] Chrenko R M, McDonald R S, Darrow K A 1967 Nature 213 474
[12] Runciman W A, Carter T 1971 Solid St. Commun. 9 315
[13] Woods G S, Collins A T 1983 J. Phys. Chem. Solids 44 471
[14] Palyanov Y N, Kupriyanov I N, Borzdov Y M, Sokol A G, Khonkhryakov A F 2009 Cryst. Growth. Des. 9 2922
[15] Meng Y F Yan C S, Lai J, Krasnicki S, Shu H Y, Yu T, Liang Q, Mao H K, Hemley R J 2008 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105 17620
[16] Charles S J, Butler J E, Feygelson B N, Newton M E, Carroll D I, Steeds J W, Darwish H, Yan C S, Mao H K, Hemley R J 2004 Phys. Status Solidi A 201 2473
[17] Borzdov Y, Pal'yanov Y, Kupriyanov I, Gusev V, Khokhryakov A, Sokol A, Efremov A 2002 Diam. Relat. Mater. 11 1863
[18] Kiflawi I, Fisher D, Kanda H, Sittas G 1996 Diam. Relat. Mater. 5 1516
[19] Zhang Z F, Jia X P, Sun S S, Liu X B, Li Y, Yan B M, Ma H A 2013 Int. J. Refractory Metals Hard Mater. 38 111
[20] Li Y, Jia X P, Hu M H, Liu X B, Yan B M, Zhou Z X, Zhang Z F, Ma H A 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 058101
[21] Ma H A, Jia X P, Chen L X, Zhu P W, Guo W L, Guo X B, Wang Y D, Li S Q, Zou G T, Bex P 2002 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 14 11269
[22] Coudberg P, Catherine Y 1987 Thin Solid Films 146 93
[23] McNamara K M, Williams B E, Gleason K K, Scruggs B E 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 76 2466
[24] Field J E 1992 The Properties of Natural and Synthetic Diamond (London: Academic) pp36-41, 81-179
[25] Kanda H, Akaishi M Yamaoka S 1999 Diam. Relat. Mater. 8 1441
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