Research progress of monolayer two-dimensional atomic crystal materials grown by molecular beam epitaxy in ultra-high vacuum conditions

Wang Xing-Yue; Zhang Hui; Ruan Zi-Lin; Hao Zhen-Liang; Yang Xiao-Tian; Cai Jin-Ming; Lu Jian-Chen

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200174

Abstract

Two-dimensional atomic crystal materials have similar lattice structures and physical properties to graphene, providing a broad platform for the scientific research of nanoscaled devices. The emergence of two-dimensional materials presents the new hope of science and industry. As is well known, graphene is the most widely studied two-dimensional (2D) material in recent ten years. Its unique atomic structure and electronic band structure make it have novel physical and chemical properties and broad applications in electronic devices, optical devices, biosensors, solar cell, and lithium ion battery. In recent years, graphene-like single-layered 2D materials have attracted much attention. Researches of these 2D atomic crystal materials and their physical properties, on the one hand, are expected to make up for the lack of band gap in graphene, and on the other hand, continue to explore their unique properties, expand the application of 2D atomic crystal materials. Among all the preparation methods of single-layered 2D atomic crystal materials, the molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is considered to be the most competitive method. The manufacturing process of MBE is usually carried out under ultra-high vacuum condition, which ensures the cleanness of the 2D material surface. At the same time, the solid growth substrate needed for epitaxial growth can be used as a carrier to support and stabilize the growth of 2D materials. In this review, we summarize many single-layered 2D materials prepared by MBE under ultra-high vacuum conditions in recent years, including monatomic 2D atomic crystal materials (silicene, germanene, stanene, hafnene, borophene, phosphorene, bismuthene, antimonene) and binary atomic crystal materials (hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, copper selenide, silver telluride). In addition, by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) and first-principles calculations, we investigate the atomic structures, energy gap modulations, and electrical properties of 2D materials. These 2D atomic crystal materials exhibit the excellent physical properties, which will make them have broad application prospects in future electronic devices. Finally, we summarize the problems faced by the further development of 2D materials and suggest several potential development directions.

Keywords:

two-dimensional atomic crystal materials /
scanning tunneling microscope /
molecular beam epitaxy /
lattice structure

Authors and contacts

Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China

Corresponding author: Lu Jian-Chen, jclu@kust.edu.cn

FullText HTML : translate this paragraph

References

[1]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[2]	Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee S Y, Kim J M, Kim K S, Ahn J H, Kim P, Choi T Y, Hong B H 2009 Nature 457 706 Google Scholar
[3]	Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J, Stauber T, Peres N M R, Geim A K 2008 Science 320 1308 Google Scholar
[4]	Balandin A A, Ghost S, Bao W Z, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau C N 2008 Nano Lett. 8 902 Google Scholar
[5]	张辉, 蔡晓明, 郝振亮, 阮子林, 卢建臣, 蔡金明 2017 66 218103 Google Scholar Zhang H, Cai X M, Hao Z L, Ruan Z L, Lu J C, Cai J M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 218103 Google Scholar
[6]	Traversi F, Raillon C, Benameur S M, Liu K, Khlybov S, Tosun M, Krasnozhon D, Kis A, Radenovic A 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 939 Google Scholar
[7]	Joshi R K, Gomez H, Alvi F, Kumar A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 6610 Google Scholar
[8]	Fiori G, Bonaccorso F, Iannaccone G, Palacios T, Neumaier D, Seabaugh A, Banerjee S K, Colombo L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 768 Google Scholar
[9]	Xu Y, Shi G 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 3311 Google Scholar
[10]	Choi W, Lahiri I, Seelaboyina R, Kang Y S 2010 Crit. Rev. Solid State 35 52 Google Scholar
[11]	黄立, 李更, 张余洋, 鲍丽宏, 郇庆, 林晓, 王业亮, 郭海明, 申承民, 杜世萱, 高鸿钧 2018 67 126801 Google Scholar Huang L, Li G, Zhang Y Y, Bao L H, Huan Q, Lin X, Wang Y L, Guo H M, Shen C M, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 126801 Google Scholar
[12]	Zeng Z Y, Yin Z Y, Huang X, Li H, He Q Y, Lu G, Boey F, Zhang H 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 11093 Google Scholar
[13]	Sarkar D, Xie X J, Liu W, Cao W, Kang J H, Gong Y J, Kraemer S, Ajayan P M, Banerjee K 2015 Nature 526 91 Google Scholar
[14]	Sundaram R S, Engel M, Lombardo A, Krupke R, Ferrari A C, Avouris P, Steiner M 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1416 Google Scholar
[15]	Fowler J D, Allen M J, Tung V C, Yang K, Kaner R B, Weiller B H 2009 ACS Nano 3 301 Google Scholar
[16]	Li G, Zhang Y Y, Guo H, Huang L, Lu H L, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Chem. Soc. Rev. 47 6073 Google Scholar
[17]	Sie E J, Mclver J W, Lee Y H, Fu L, Kong J, Gedik N 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 290 Google Scholar
[18]	Xu X D, Yao W, Xiao D, Heinz T F 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 343 Google Scholar
[19]	Mak K F, McGill K L, Park J, McEuen P L 2014 Science 344 1489 Google Scholar
[20]	Cao T, Wang G, Han W P, Ye H Q, Zhu C R, Shi J R, Niu Q, Tan P H, Wang E G, Liu B L, Feng J 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 887 Google Scholar
[21]	Guzman V G G, Lew Y V L C 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 075131 Google Scholar
[22]	Pan H, Li Z S, Liu C C, Zhu G B, Qiao Z H, Yao Y G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 055502 Google Scholar
[23]	Liu C C, Feng W, Yao Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 076802 Google Scholar
[24]	Feng B, Ding Z, Meng S, Yao Y, He X, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3507 Google Scholar
[25]	Meng L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Du S, Wu R, Li L, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhou H, Hofer W A, Gao H J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 685 Google Scholar
[26]	Li L, Lu S Z, Pan J, Qin Z, Wang Y Q, Wang Y, Cao G Y, Du S, Gao H J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4820 Google Scholar
[27]	Cahangirov S, Topsakal M, Akturk E, Sahin H, Ciraci S 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 236804 Google Scholar
[28]	Ye X S, Shao Z G, Zhao H, Yang L, Wang C L 2014 RSC Adv. 4 21216 Google Scholar
[29]	Xu Y, Yan B, Zhang H J, Wang J, Xu G, Tang P, Duan W, Zhang S C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 136804 Google Scholar
[30]	Wu S C, Shan G C, Yan B H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 256401 Google Scholar
[31]	Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang S C 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 054503 Google Scholar
[32]	Zhu F F, Chen W J, Xu Y, Gao C L, Guan D D, Liu C H, Qian D, Zhang S C, Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1020 Google Scholar
[33]	Deng J, Xia B, Ma X, Chen H, Shan H, Zhai X, Li B, Zhao A, Xu Y, Duan W, Zhang S C, Wang B, Hou J G 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 1081 Google Scholar
[34]	Olson J K, Boldyrev A I 2012 Chem. Phys. Lett. 523 83 Google Scholar
[35]	Ogitsu T, Schwegler E, Galli G 2013 Chem. Rev. 113 3425 Google Scholar
[36]	Oganov A R, Chen J H, Gatti C, Ma Y Z, Ma Y M, Glass C W, Liu Z X, Yu T, Kurakevych O O, Solozhenko V L 2009 Nature 457 863 Google Scholar
[37]	Boustani I 1997 Phys. Rev. B 55 24 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhai H J, Kiran B, Li J, Wang L S 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 827 Google Scholar
[39]	Boggavarapu K, Satya B, Zhai H J, Soohaeng Y, Zeng X C, Wang L S 2005 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102 961 Google Scholar
[40]	Tang H, Ismail-Beigi S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 115501 Google Scholar
[41]	Feng B J, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Li W B, Li S, Li H, Cheng P, Meng S, Chen L, Wu K H 2016 Nat. Chem. 8 564 Google Scholar
[42]	刘中流, 王业亮, 高鸿钧 2017 物理 46 145 Google Scholar Liu Z L, Wang Y L, Gao H J 2017 Physics 46 145 Google Scholar
[43]	Li L, Wang Y, Xie S, Li X B, Wang Y Q, Wu R, Sun H, Zhang S, Gao H J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 4671 Google Scholar
[44]	Wittig J, Matthias B 1968 Science 160 994 Google Scholar
[45]	Li L, Yu Y, Ye G J, Ge Q, Ou X, Wu H, Feng D, Chen X H, Zhang Y 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 372 Google Scholar
[46]	Liu H, Neal A T, Zhu Z, Luo Z, Xu X, Tomanek D, Ye P D 2014 ACS Nano 8 4033 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhang J L, Zhao S T, Han C, Wang Z Z, Zhong S, Sun S, Guo R, Zhou X, Gu C D, Yuan K D, Li Z Y, Chen W 2016 Nano Lett. 16 4903 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhang S L, Yan Z, Li Y F, Chen Z F, Zeng H B 2015 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 3112 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang Y Y, Huang P, Ye M, Quhe R G, Pan Y Y, Zhang H, Zhong H X, Shi J J, Lu J 2017 Chem. Mater. 29 2191 Google Scholar
[50]	Zhang P F, Liu Z, Duan W H, Liu F, Wu J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 201410 Google Scholar
[51]	Bian G, Miller T, Chiang T C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 036802 Google Scholar
[52]	Huo C X, Sun X M, Yan Z, Song X F, Zhang S L, Xie Z, Liu J Z, Ji J P, Jiang L F, Zhou S Y, Zeng H B 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 3568 Google Scholar
[53]	Wu X, Shao Y, Liu H, Feng Z, Wang Y L, Sun J T, Liu C, Wang J O, Liu Z L, Zhu S Y, Wang Y Q, Du S X, Shi Y G, Ibrahim K, Gao H J 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1605407 Google Scholar
[54]	Zhu S Y, Shao Y, Wang E, Cao L, Li X Y, Liu Z L, Liu C, Liu L W, Wang J O, Ibrahim K, Sun J T, Wang Y L, Du S, Gao H J 2019 Nano Lett. 19 6323 Google Scholar
[55]	Aktürk E, Aktürk O Ü, Ciraci S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 014115 Google Scholar
[56]	Liu Z, Liu C X, Wu Y S, Duan W H, Liu F, Wu J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 136805 Google Scholar
[57]	Drozdov I K, Alexandradinata A, Jeon S, Nadj P S, Ji H W, Cava R J, Bernevig B A, Yazdani A 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 664 Google Scholar
[58]	Wada M, Murakami S, Freimuth F, Bihlmayer G 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 121310 Google Scholar
[59]	Cheng L, Liu H, Tan X, Zhang J, Wei J, Lv H, Shi J, Tang X 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 904 Google Scholar
[60]	Hirahara T, Fukui N, Shirasawa T, Yamada M, Aitani M, Miyazaki H, Matsunami M, Kimura S, Takahashi T, Hasegawa S, Kobayashi K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 227401 Google Scholar
[61]	Reis F, Dudy L, Bauernfeind M, Glass S, Hanke W, Thomale R, Schafer J, R.Claessen 2017 Science 357 287 Google Scholar
[62]	Pease R S 1950 Nature 165 722 Google Scholar
[63]	Zhou K G, Mao N N, Wang H X, Peng Y, Zhang H L 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 10839 Google Scholar
[64]	Kubota Y, Watanabe K, Tsuda O, Taniguchi 2007 Science 317 932 Google Scholar
[65]	Paszkowicz W, Pelka J B, Knapp M, Szyszko T, Podsiadlo S 2002 Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 75 431 Google Scholar
[66]	Garnica M, Schwarz M, Ducke J, He Y, Bischoff F, Barth J V, Auwärter W, Stradi D 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 155431 Google Scholar
[67]	Farwick Z H F H, Zimmermann D M, Silva C C, Schlueter C, Atodiresei N, Jolie W, Martinez-Galera A J, Dombrowski D, Schroder U A, Will M, Lazic P, Caciuc V, Blugel S, Lee T L, Michely T, Busse C 2016 ACS Nano 10 11012 Google Scholar
[68]	Auwärter W, Kreutz T J, Greber T, Osterwalder J 1999 Surf. Sci. 429 229 Google Scholar
[69]	Preobrajenski A B, Vinogradov A S, Ng M L, Ćavar E, Westerström R, Mikkelsen A, Lundgren E, Mårtensson N 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 245412 Google Scholar
[70]	Schwarz M, Riss A, Garnica M, Ducke J, Deimel P S, Duncan D A, Thakur P K, Lee T L, Seitsonen A P, Barth J V, Allegretti F, Auwarter W 2017 ACS Nano 11 9151 Google Scholar
[71]	Jiang X F, Weng Q H, Wang X B, Li X, Zhang J, Golberg D, Bando Y 2015 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 31 589 Google Scholar
[72]	Mak K F, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805 Google Scholar
[73]	Wang H, Yu L, Lee Y H, Shi Y, Hsu A, Chin M L, Li L J, Dubey M, Kong J, Palacios T 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4674 Google Scholar
[74]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 147 Google Scholar
[75]	Sørensen S G, Fuchtbauer H G, Tuxen A K, Walton A S, Lauritsen J V 2014 ACS Nano 8 6788 Google Scholar
[76]	Splendiani A, Sun L, Zhang Y B, Li T S, Kim J, Chim C Y, Galli G, Wang F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1271 Google Scholar
[77]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, Radenovic A, Kis A 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 497 Google Scholar
[78]	Vancso P, Magda G Z, Peto J, Noh J Y, Kim Y S, Hwang C, Biro L P, Tapaszto L 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 29726 Google Scholar
[79]	Choi W B, Choudhary N, Han G H, Park J H, Akinwande D, Lee Y H 2017 Mater. Today 20 116 Google Scholar
[80]	Ugeda M M, Bradley A J, Shi S F, da Jornada F H, Zhang Y, Qiu D Y, Ruan W, Mo S K, Hussain Z, Shen Z X, Wang F, Louie S G, Crommie M F 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 1091 Google Scholar
[81]	Zhang Y, Chang T R, Zhou B, Cui Y T, Yan H, Liu Z K, Schmitt F, Lee J, Moore R, Chen Y L, Lin H, Jeng H T, Mo S K, Hussain Z, Bansil A, Shen Z X 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 111 Google Scholar
[82]	卢建臣 2017 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院物理研究所) Lu J C 2017 Ph.D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[83]	Lu J C, Bao D L, Qian K, Zhang S, Chen H, Lin X, Du S X, Gao H J 2017 ACS Nano 11 1689 Google Scholar
[84]	Tongay S, Zhou J, Ataca C, Lo K, Matthews T S, Li J, Grossman J C, Wu J 2012 Nano Lett. 12 5576 Google Scholar
[85]	Kandemir A, Akbali B, Kahraman Z, Badalov S V, Ozcan M, Iyikanat F, Sahin H 2018 Semicond. Sci. Tech. 33 085002 Google Scholar
[86]	Zhao Y D, Qiao J S, Yu Z H, Yu P, Xu K, Lau S P, Zhou W, Liu Z, Wang X R, Ji W, Chai Y 2016 Adv. Mater. 29 1604230 Google Scholar
[87]	Gao J, Cheng Y, Tian T, Hu X, Zeng K, Zhang G, Zhang Y W 2017 ACS Omega 2 8640 Google Scholar
[88]	Wang Y L, Li L F, Yao W, Song S, Sun J T, Pan J B, Ren X, Li C, Okunishi E, Wang Y Q, Wang E Y, Shao Y, Zhang Y Y, Yang H T, Schwier E F, Iwasawa H, Shimada K, Taniguchi M, Cheng Z H, Zhou S Y, Du S X, Pennycook S J, Pantelides S T, Gao H J 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4013 Google Scholar
[89]	Kong D S, Cha J, Wang H T, Lee H R, Cui Y 2013 Energ. Environ. Sci. 6 3553 Google Scholar
[90]	Inoue N, Yasuoka H, Ogawa S 1980 Phys. Soc. Jpn. 48 850 Google Scholar
[91]	Xue M Z, Fu Z W 2006 Electrochem. Commun. 8 1855 Google Scholar
[92]	Reyes-Retana J A, Naumis G G, Cervantes-Sodi F 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 3295 Google Scholar
[93]	Shao Y, Song S, Wu X, Qi J, Lu H, Liu C, Zhu S, Liu Z, Wang J, Shi D, Du S, Wang Y, Gao H J 2017 App. Phys. Lett. 111 113107 Google Scholar
[94]	Gong F, Xu X, Li Z Q, Zhou G, Wang Z S 2013 Chem. Commun. 49 1437 Google Scholar
[95]	Wang F M, Li Y C, Shifa T A, Liu K L, Wang F, Wang Z X, Xu P, Wang Q S, He J 2016 Angew. Chem. 128 7033 Google Scholar
[96]	Kwak I H, Im H S, Jang D M, Kim Y W, Park K, Lim Y R, Cha E H, Park J 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 5327 Google Scholar
[97]	Shen Y Z, Ren X S, Qi X, Zhou J, Xu G H, Huang Z Y, Zhong J X 2017 J. Mater. Sci. Mater. El. 28 768 Google Scholar
[98]	Liu W, Kang J, Sarkar D, Khatami Y, Jena D, Banerjee K 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1983 Google Scholar
[99]	Duan X D, Wang C, Pan A, Yu R Q, Duan X F 2015 Chem. Soc. Rev 44 8859 Google Scholar
[100]	Liu H J, Jiao L, Xie L, Yang F, Chen J L, Ho W K, Gao C L, Jia J F, Cui X D, Xie M H 2015 2D Mater. 2 034004 Google Scholar
[101]	Li Y, Qin J K, Xu C Y, Cao J, Sun Z Y, Ma L P, Hu P A, Ren W C, Zhen L 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 4319 Google Scholar
[102]	Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Sun W L, Xu C Z, Lin D S, Chou M Y, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2003 Google Scholar
[103]	Liu J, Hou W J, Cheng C, Fu H X, Sun J T, Meng S 2017 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29 255501 Google Scholar
[104]	Bayard M, Sienko M 1976 J. Solid State Chem. 19 325 Google Scholar
[105]	Xu K, Chen P Z, Li X L, Wu C Z, Guo Y Q, Zhao J Y, Wu X J, Xie Y 2013 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 10477 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhang Z P, Niu J J, Yang P F, Gong Y, Ji Q Q, Shi J P, Fang Q Y, Jiang S L, Li H, Zhou X B, Gu L, Wu X S, Zhang Y F 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1702359 Google Scholar
[107]	Liu Z L, Wu X, Shao Y, Qi J, Cao Y, Huang L, Liu C, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Z L, Ibrahim K, Wang Y L, Gao H J 2018 Sci. Bull. 63 419 Google Scholar
[108]	Liu Z L, Lei B, Zhu Z L, Tao L, Qi J, Bao D L, Wu X, Huang L, Zhang Y Y, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S, Pantelides S T, Gao H J 2019 Nano Lett. 19 4897 Google Scholar
[109]	Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Zhu Y T, Huang B B 2012 ACS Nano 6 1695 Google Scholar
[110]	Lin X, Lu J C, Shao Y, et al. 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 717 Google Scholar
[111]	Zhang H J, Li Y F, Hou J H, Tu K X, Chen Z F 2016 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 5644 Google Scholar
[112]	Pan L D, Zhang L Z, Song B Q, Du S X, Gao H J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 173102 Google Scholar
[113]	Gao L, Sun J T, Lu J C, Li H, Qian K, Zhang S, Zhang Y Y, Qian T, Ding H, Lin X, Du S, Gao H J 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1707055 Google Scholar
[114]	Zhang W, Yu R, Feng W X, Yao Y G, Weng H M, Dai X, Fang Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 156808 Google Scholar
[115]	Ma Y D, Kou L Z, Dai Y, Heine T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 235451 Google Scholar
[116]	Dong L, Wang A, Li E, Wang Q, Li G, Huan Q, Gao H J 2019 Chin. Phys. Lett. 36 028102 Google Scholar
[117]	Liu B, Liu J, Miao G Y, Xue S W, Zhang S Y, Liu L X, Huang X C, Zhu X T, Meng S, Guo J D, Liu M, Wang W H 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 1866 Google Scholar
[118]	Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Takayama A, Xu C Z, Karn A, Hasegawa S, Chou M Y, Mo S K, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 516 Google Scholar
[119]	Reshak A H and Auluck S 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 245113 Google Scholar
[120]	Song Z, Lei B, Cao Y, Qi J, Peng H, Wang Q, Huang L, Lu H, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 056801 Google Scholar
[121]	Oyedele A D, Yang S, Liang L, et al. 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 14090 Google Scholar
[122]	Li E, Wang D F, Fan P, Zhang R Z, Zhang Y Y, Li G, Mao J H, Wang Y L, Lin X, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Nano Res. 11 5858 Google Scholar
[123]	Dang W H, Peng H L, Li H, Wang P, Liu Z F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2870 Google Scholar
[124]	Tsipas P, Xenogiannopoulou E, Kassavetis S, Tsoutsou D, Golias E, Bazioti C, Dimitrakopulos G P, Komninou P, Liang H, Caymax M, Dimoulas A 2014 ACS Nano 8 6614 Google Scholar
[125]	Zhang Y, He K, Chang C Z, Song C L, Wang L L, Chen X, Jia J F, Fang Z, Dai X, Shan W Y, Shen S Q, Niu Q, Qi X L, Zhang S C, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 584 Google Scholar
[126]	Chae J, Kang S H, Park S H, Park H, Jeong K, Kim T H, Hong S B, Kim K S, Kwon Y K, Kim J W, Cho M H 2019 ACS Nano 13 3931 Google Scholar
[127]	Zheng H, Jia J F 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 067403 Google Scholar
[128]	Vogt P, Padova P D, Quaresima C, Avila J, Frantzeskakis E, Asensio M C, Resta A, Ealet B, Lay G L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 155501 Google Scholar
[129]	Lalmi B, Oughaddou H, Enriquez H, Kara A, Vizzini S, Ealet B, Aufray B 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 223109 Google Scholar
[130]	Onoda J, Yabuoshi K, Miyazaki H, Sugimoto Y 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 241302 Google Scholar
[131]	Aufray B, Kara A, Vizzini S, Oughaddou H, Leandri C, Ealet B, Lay G L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 183102 Google Scholar
[132]	Huang L, Zhang Y F, Zhang Y Y, et al. 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1161 Google Scholar
[133]	Fleurence A, Friedlein R, Ozaki T, Kawai H, Wang Y, Takamura Y Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 245501 Google Scholar
[134]	Agnieszka, Dybala S, Krawiec M 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 17019 Google Scholar
[135]	Dávila M E, Xian L, Cahangirov S, Rubio A, Lay G L 2014 New J. Phys. 16 095002 Google Scholar
[136]	Derivaz M, Dentel D, Stephan R, Hanf M C, Mehdaoui A, Sonnet P, Pirri C 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2510 Google Scholar
[137]	Lin C H, Huang A, Pai W W, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 024003 Google Scholar
[138]	Qin Z H, Pan J B, Lu S Z, Yan S, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J, Cao G Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606046 Google Scholar
[139]	Gou J, Kong L J, Li H, Zhong Q, Li W B, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K H 2017 Phys. Rev. Mater. 1 054004 Google Scholar
[140]	Mannix A J, Zhou X F, Kiraly B, Wood J D, Alducin D, Myers B D, Liu X L, Fisher B L, Santiago U, Guest J R, Yacaman M J, Ponce A, Oganov A R, Hersam M C, Guisinger N P 2015 Science 350 1513 Google Scholar
[141]	Zhou D C, Meng Q L, Si N, Zhou X, Zhai S W, Tang Q, Ji Q M, Zhou M, Niu T C, Fuchs H 2020 ACS Nano 14 2385 Google Scholar
[142]	Iannuzzi M, Tran F, Widmer R, Dienel T, Radican K, Ding Y, Hutter J, Gröning O 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 12374 Google Scholar
[143]	Li Q C, Zou X L, Liu M X, Sun J Y, Gao Y B, Qi Y, Zhou X B, Yakobson B I, Zhang Y F, Liu Z F 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5804 Google Scholar
[144]	Grønborg S S, Ulstrup S, Bianchi M, Dendzik M, Sanders C E, Lauritsen J V, Hofmann P, Miwa J A 2015 Langmuir 31 9700 Google Scholar
[145]	Chen P Y, Xu W S, Gao Y K, Warner J H, Castell M R 2018 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1 6976 Google Scholar
[146]	Yao W, Wang E Y, Huang H, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1 Google Scholar
[147]	Sajjad M, Montes E, Singh N, Schwingenschlögl U 2017 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 4 1600911 Google Scholar
[148]	Ataca C, Şahin H, Ciraci S 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 8983 Google Scholar
[149]	Kum H S, Lee H, Kim S, et al. 2020 Nature 578 75 Google Scholar

Cited By

图 1 (a) 自由状态硅烯的结构模型; (b) 自由状态下硅烯的能带结构^[23]; (c), (d) Ag(111)上硅烯不同相的STM图像^[24]; (e) Ir(111)上硅烯的STM图像、STM模拟和理论计算结构图^[25]

Figure 1. (a) Structure model of free silicene; (b) band structure of silicene in free state^[23]; (c), (d) the STM images of different phases of silicene on Ag(111)^[24]; (e) STM image, simulated STM image, theoretical calculation structure of silicene on Ir(111)^[25].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 (a) Pt(111)上锗烯的STM图像; (b)和(c)分别为Pt(111)表面锗烯的结构与电子局域函数; (d) Pt(111)上锗烯的LEED图案^[26]; (e)不同蜂窝结构下二维Ge的能量与六边形晶格常数的关系; (f), (g) 用力常数和线性响应理论得到的声子色散曲线, 分别用黑色曲线和绿色虚线表示^[27]

Figure 2. (a) STM image of germanene on Pt(111); (b) and (c) are the structure and electron localization functions of germanene on Pt(111) surface, respectively; (d) LEED pattern of germanene on Pt(111)^[26]; (e) energy versus hexagonal lattice constant of 2D Ge is calculated for various honeycomb structures; (f) and (g) phonon dispersion curves obtained by force-constant and linear response theory are presented by black and dashed green curves, respectively^[27].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 (a) 顶层及次顶层Sn原子排布及STM图; (b) Sn原子排布侧视图 (A层为顶层, B层为次顶层)^[32]; (c) 锡烯薄膜的高分辨STM图像; (d) 蜂窝状锡烯的原子模型示意图; (e) 沿图(c)蓝线的剖面图, 显示相邻的Sn原子在表观高度上是相同的; (f) Cu(111)表面的二维BZs; (g)和(h) Cu(111)表面0.9 ML的锡烯沿着M-Γ-K-M₂ (g)和M-Γ-M′-Γ₂ (h)方向的ARPES能谱^[33]

Figure 3. (a) Top view of both the top and bottom Sn atoms and its STM image; (b) side view of Sn atoms arrangement (layer A is the top layer, layer B is the sub top layer)^[32]; (c) high-resolution STM image of the stanene film; (d) schematic atomic model of the honeycomb stanene; (e) profile along the line in c showing that the adjacent Sn atoms are identical in apparent height; (f) 2D BZs of ultraflat stanene on Cu(111); (g) and (h) ARPES spectra of 0.9 ML stanene on Cu(111) along the M-Γ-K-M₂ (g) and M-Γ-M′-Γ₂ (h) directions^[33].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 (a), (b)二维硼片结构图^[40]; (c) Ag(111)上硼结构的STM形貌图, 生长期间衬底温度为570 K, 硼岛被标记为S1相; (d) 图4(c)表面经650 K退火后硼片的STM图像, 两种不同的相分别称为S1和S2; (e) S1相的高分辨率STM图像; (f) S2相的高分辨率STM图像; (g) S1相的俯视图和侧视图; (h) S2相的俯视图和侧视图^[41]

Figure 4. (a) and (b) are two-dimensional boron sheets structure figures^[40]; (c) STM topographic image of boron structures on Ag(111), with a substrate temperature of ~570 K during growth; (d) STM image of boron sheets after annealing the surface in Fig.4(c) to 650 K. The two different phases are labelled “S1” and “S2”; (e) high-resolution STM image of S1 phases; (f) high-resolution STM image of S2 phases; (g) top and side views of the S1 model; (h) top and side views of the S2 model^[41].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 (a) Ir(111)表面上铪烯的STM图像及LEED图; (b) Ir(111)上铪烯的原子分辨STM图像; (c) Ir(111)衬底上铪平面的电荷分布图^[43]

Figure 5. (a) STM image and LEED image of hafnium on Ir(111); (b) atomic resolution STM images of hafnium on Ir(111); (c) the 2D charge density in the Hf plane on Ir(111) substrate^[43].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 (a) Au(111)单层磷烯的高分辨率STM图像; (b)沿(a)中红线的线轮廓^[47]; (c) 少层磷烯的俯视图和侧视图; (d) DFT计算得到的单层磷烯的能带结构^[46]

Figure 6. (a) High-resolution STM image of single layer phosphorus on Au(111); (b) the line profile along the red line in panel (a)^[47]; (c) top and side views of few-layer phosphorene; (d) DFT-calculated band structure of phosphorene monolayer^[46].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 (a) 二碲化钯(PdTe₂)晶体上锑烯生长过程示意图; (b) 大面积锑烯岛在PdTe₂上的STM图像; (c) 单层锑烯的原子分辨STM图像; (d) 样品暴露空气前后的XPS测量数据^[53]; (e) Cu(111)衬底上的翘曲单层锑烯和锑烯纳米岛的结构模型; (f) 图(e)的侧视图; (g) Cu(111)上单层锑烯的大面积STM图像和LEED图; (h) 第一层翘曲层和岛的原子分辨STM图像^[54]

Figure 7. (a) Schematic of monolayer antimonene formed on PdTe₂ substrate; (b) STM image of large antimonene island on PdTe₂; (c) atomic resolution STM image of monolayer antimonene; (d) XPS results before and after sample exposure to air^[53]; (e) the structural model of buck antimonene monolayer and antimonene nanoisland on Cu(111) substrate; (f) side view of panel (e); (g) large-scale STM image and LEED pattern of the antimonene monolayer on Cu(111); (h) atomic resolution STM image of the first buckled layer and island^[54].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 8 (a) SiC (0001)表面单层铋烯的STM图; (b) 占据态下高分辨STM图; (c) 铋烯在SiC (0001)上的结构模型; (d) 基于模型(c)计算得到的能带图和ARPES测量到的能带结构^[61]

Figure 8. (a) STM image of bismuthene on SiC (0001); (b) high resolution STM image for occupied states; (c) bismuthene on SiC(0001) structural model; (d) theoretical band structure and ARPES measurementsts^[61].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 9 (a) h-BN纳米材料的结构模型; (b) Cu (111)上单层h-BN的STM图像; (c) 室温下单层h-BN/Cu (111)的对比LEED图^[70]; (d) 利用BN粒子、纳米管和纳米片制备聚合物复合材料的热导率^[71]

Figure 9. (a) Structural model of h-BN nanomaterials; (b) STM image of single layer h-BN on Cu (111); (c) contrast-inverted LEED pattern of a single layer h-BN/Cu (111) recorded at room temperature^[70]; (d) thermal conductivity of polymeric composites using BN particles, nanotubes and nanosheets^[71].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 10 (a) Au(111)表面MoS₂单层岛的大规模STM图像; (b) 单个六边形MoS₂岛横跨单个Au(111)台阶的STM图像^[75]; (c) MoS₂从块体到单层能带带隙的转变^[76]; (d) 单层MoS₂光电晶体管原理图^[77]

Figure 10. (a) Large-scale STM image of MoS₂ single-layer islands on the Au(111) surface; (b) STM image of a single MoS₂ island with a hexagon shape crossing a single Au(111) step^[75]; (c) bandgap transition of MoS₂^[76] from bulk to monolayer; (d) schematic of monolayer MoS₂ photodetector^[77].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 11 (a) 单层MoSe₂的结构示意图^[80]; (b) DFT优化得到的Au(111)表面单层MoSe₂原子结构; (c) 单层MoSe₂的原子分辨图像; (d) 基于(b)中优化结构的STM模拟图; (e) Au(111)上单层MoSe₂岛的STM图像^[83]; (f) 图(e)中蓝色虚线标示的MoSe₂岛的高度轮廓图

Figure 11. (a) Structural model of monolayer MoSe₂^[80]; (b) DFT optimized monolayer MoSe₂ atomic model on Au(111) surface; (c) atomic resolution STM image of monolayer MoSe₂; (d) theoretical simulated STM image based on the calculated structure in (b); (e) STM image of singlelayer MoSe₂ islands on Au(111) substrate^[83]; (f) height profile of MoSe₂ islands marked by a dashed blue line in (e).

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 12 (a) 利用直接硒化的Pt(111)表面生长单层PtSe₂的示意图; (b) Pt(111)表面形成PtSe₂薄膜的LEED图; (c) 具有摩尔条纹PtSe₂薄膜的大面积STM图; (d) 单层PtSe₂的原子分辨STM图^[88]

Figure 12. (a) Schematic of the fabrication of PtSe₂ thin films by a single step of direct selenization of a Pt(111) substrate; (b) LEED pattern of a PtSe₂ film formed on the Pt(111) substrate; (c) large-scale STM image shows the Moiré pattern of PtSe₂ thin film on Pt(111); (d) atomic resolution STM image of single layer PtSe₂^[88].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 13 (a) NiSe₂薄膜的生长过程示意图; (b) 层状NiSe₂材料具有T和H两种构型^[92]; (c) 大面积NiSe₂的STM图像和(d)摩尔结构STM图像^[93]

Figure 13. (a) Schematic of the fabrication process of NiSe₂ thin films; (b) NiSe₂ layer has two configurations of T and H^[92]; large-scale STM image (c) and Moiré pattern (d) of the 2D NiSe₂ film^[93].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 14 (a) 单层WSe₂晶体结构示意图^[98]; (b) WSe₂薄膜的原子分辨STM图像(75 nm × 75 nm); (c) 单层WSe₂的理论能带结构^[100]; (d) WSe₂/石墨烯异质结构光致发光图谱^[101]; (e) 单层WSe₂ 1H相和1T' 相的原子结构; (f) 对应的具有高对称点标记的二维布里渊区; (g) 沿ΓY方向的ARPES图谱^[102]

Figure 14. (a) Schematic of the crystal structure of monolayer WSe₂^[98]; (b) atomic resolution STM image(75 nm × 75 nm) of WSe₂ film; (c) theoretical band structures of monolayer WSe₂^[100]; (d) photoluminescence of WSe₂/Graphene heterostructure^[101]; (e) atomic structure of single layer 1H and 1T' WSe₂; (f) corresponding 2D Brillouin zones with high symmetry points labeled; (g) ARPES map along ΓY^[102].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 15 (a) 在HOPG衬底上形成的单层VSe₂; (b) HOPG上VSe₂的结构模型; (c) 在VSe₂岛上与衬底上测量得到的dI/dV 谱; (d), (e) 图(c)中标记的两个峰的高斯分布, 峰值位置分别为–0.28 V和0.23 V^[107]; (f) 一维图案的单层VSe₂的AFM图像、原子分辨STM图像、模拟STM图像与结构模型^[108]

Figure 15. (a) Monolayer VSe₂ formed on HOPG substrate; (b) schematic of the fabrication process; (c) dI/dV spectra measured on the VSe₂ island and the substrate; (d), (e) Gaussian-fitting of the two peaks marked in (c), the peak positions are –0.28 V and 0.23 V, respectively^[107]; (f) AFM attractive-force image, atomic resolution STM image, simulated STM image, and structural model of 1D-patterned ML VSe₂ match each other^[108].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 16 (a) 单层CuSe二维材料的大面积、高质量STM图像; (b) 两种取向相反的三角形孔洞和边界处平行四边形孔洞; (c) 单个三角形孔洞的高分辨图像; (d)和(e) CuSe表面Fe原子选择性吸附的STM图像^[110]

Figure 16. (a) Large area and high quality STM image of single layer CuSe; (b) two kinds of triangle holes with opposite orientation and parallelogram holes at boundary; (c) a high resolution STM image of single triangle hole; (d) and (e) STM image of Fe atoms selective adsorption on CuSe surface^[110].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 17 (a) 具有一维摩尔条纹结构单层CuSe的高分辨STM图像; (b) 自由单层CuSe的原子结构模型图; (c), (d) 单层CuSe的能带结构^[113]

Figure 17. (a) High resolution STM image of monolayer CuSe with 1 D moiré pattern; (b) atomic structure model of free monolayer CuSe; (c), (d) band structure of monolayer CuSe^[113].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 18 (a) Ag(111)衬底上大面积单层AgTe的STM图像; (b) Ag(111)衬底上单层AgTe的LEED图; 具有较高Te覆盖的(c)大面积STM图像和(d)原子分辨的STM图像, 显示了AgTe的六角形图案结构^[116]

Figure 18. (a) STM image of large-scale AgTe monolayer on Ag(111) substrate; (b) LEED pattern of monolayer AgTe on Ag(111); (c) large-scale and (d) atomic resolution STM images of the AgTe on Ag(111) with higher Te coverage, showing the patterned hexagonal structure of AgTe^[116].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 19 (a) Au(111)衬底上二维TiTe₂层的STM图像; (b) 模拟STM图像, 显示了$ \left( {\sqrt 3 \times 5} \right)$(红色矩形)和$ \left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 7 } \right)$(黑色平行四边形)超结构^[120]; (c) 以石墨烯为中间层, 基于SiC(0001)衬底的PdSe₂岛的STM图像^[122]; (d) Bi₂Te₃薄膜的STM图(500 nm × 500 nm); (e) 拓扑绝缘体Bi₂Te₃的结构模型^[127]

Figure 19. (a) STM image of 2D TiTe₂ layer on Au(111) substrate; (b) simulated STM image, showing both $ \left( {\sqrt 3 \times 5} \right)$ and $ \left( {\sqrt 3 \times \sqrt 7 } \right)$ (black parallelogram) superstructures^[120]; (c) STM image of PdSe₂ islands on graphene on SiC(0001)^[122]; (d) STM image (500 nm × 500 nm) of Bi₂Te₃ thin film; (e) structure model of the Bi₂Te₃ topological insulator^[127].

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 分子束外延方法制备的单元素二维材料的生长衬底、表征方法、平面构型、物理性能和潜在应用的总结

Table 1. Summary of growth substrate, characterization methods, configurations, physical properties, and potential appli-cations of monatomic two-dimensional materials grown by MBE.

单层二维原子晶体材料	生长衬底	表征方法	平面构型	物理性能和潜在应用	文献
硅烯	Ir(111)	STM, LEED	翘曲	自由状态下能隙为1.55 meV;	[24]
	Ag(111)	STM	翘曲	Ag(111)上硅烯载流子迁移率为100 cm²·V^–1·s^–1;	[25,128-132]
	Ag(110)	STM	翘曲	Ag(111)上硅烯载流子迁移率为100 cm²·V^–1·s^–1;	[131]
	Ru(0001)	STM, LEED	翘曲	量子自旋霍尔效应; 场效应晶体管;	[132]
	ZrB₂	STM, ARUPS	翘曲	谷电子学器件;	[133]
	Pb(111)	STM	翘曲	铁磁性	[134]
锗烯	Pt(111)	STM, LEED	翘曲	载流子迁移率高达 6.54 × 10⁵ cm²·V^–1·s^–1;	[26]
	Au(111)	STM, LEED	翘曲	能隙23.9 meV;	[135]
	Al(111)	STM, LEED, XPD	翘曲	量子自旋霍尔效应;	[136]
	Ag(111)	STM, LEED, ARPES	翘曲	高温超导体; 自旋极化电输运;	[137]
	Cu(111)	STM	平坦	负热膨胀系数; 热电材料	[138]
锡烯	Bi₂Te₃	STM, RHEED, ARPES	翘曲	热导率11.6 W·m^–1·K^–1; 巨磁阻效应;	[32]
	Cu(111)	STM, ARPES	平坦	自旋轨道耦合诱导带隙约0.3 eV;	[33]
	Sb(111)	STM	翘曲	拓扑超导体; 近室温量子霍尔效应	[139]
硼烯	Ag(111)	STM, XPS	翘曲	超导温度: 10—24 K; 超高储氢能力; 杨氏模量可达398 GPa·nm	[41,140]
铪烯	Ir(111)	STM, LEED	平坦	强自旋轨道耦合作用; 磁矩为1.46 μ_B	[43]
磷烯	Au(111)	STM, XPS	翘曲	能隙2.0 eV; 光探测器; 太阳能电池;	[45,47]
	Cu_xO	STM, XPS	平坦	电子迁移率高达1000 cm²·V^–1·s^–1.	[141]
锑烯	PdTe₂	STM, LEED, XPS	翘曲	能隙可达2.28 eV; 光电子器件;	[53]
	Cu(111)	STM, LEED, XPS	翘曲	拓扑绝缘体; 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管	[54]
铋烯	SiC	STM, ARPES	平坦	热电材料, 热电优值高达2.4	[61]

DownLoad: CSV

表 2 分子束外延方法制备的双元素二维材料的生长衬底、表征方法、平面构型、物理性能和潜在应用的总结

Table 2. Summary of growth substrate, characterization methods, configurations, physical properties and potential applications of binary two-dimensional materials grown by MBE.

单层二维原子晶体材料	生长衬底	表征方法	平面构型	物理性能和潜在应用	文献
六方氮化硼	Ir(111)	STM, LEED, XPS	平面蜂窝状结构	能隙为6 eV的绝缘体;	[67]
	Ni(111)	STM, XPD		高功率电子学器件; 低摩擦材料;	[68]
	Rh(111)	STM, LEED		高功率电子学器件; 低摩擦材料;	[69,142]
	Cu(111)	STM, LEED, AFM		场效应晶体管的介电层; 深紫外探测器件; 抗氧化涂层	[70,143]
二硫化钼	Au(111)	STM, XPS	2H	载流子迁移率可达200 cm²·V^–1·s^–1; 电流开/ 关比为1 × 10⁸; 能隙1.8 eV	[75,144]
	SrTiO₃	STM, SEM, Raman PL	2H	载流子迁移率可达200 cm²·V^–1·s^–1; 电流开/ 关比为1 × 10⁸; 能隙1.8 eV	[145]
二硒化钼	Au(111)	STM, LEED, ARPES	2H	直接带隙约1.5 eV; 激子束缚能0.55 eV, 光电子学器件	[82,83]
	双层石墨烯	STM, LEED, Raman	2H	直接带隙约1.5 eV; 激子束缚能0.55 eV, 光电子学器件	[80]
二硒化铂	Pt(111)	STM, LEED, XPS, ARPES	1T	能隙2 eV; 螺旋状自旋结构; 自旋动量锁定; 自旋电子学器件; 气体传感器	[88]
		STM, LEED, XPS, ARPES		能隙2 eV; 螺旋状自旋结构; 自旋动量锁定; 自旋电子学器件; 气体传感器	[146,147]
二硒化镍	Ni(111)	STM, LEED, XPS	1T	NiSe₂/Li电池可逆放电容量为351.4 mA·h·g^–1	[91,93]
二硒化钨	石墨烯	STM, RHEED, ARPES	2H + 1T'	双激子态; 谷霍尔效应; 谷赝自旋	[102]
二硒化钒	HOPG	STM, AFM, XPS	1T	室温下二维铁磁性; 超高导电性、电荷密度波	[107,108]
硒化铜	Cu(111)	STM, LEED, STEM	平面蜂窝状结构一维摩尔条纹结构	周期孔洞结构用于选择性吸附;	[110]
	Cu(111)	STM, LEED, ARPES	平面蜂窝状结构一维摩尔条纹结构	节线型狄拉克费米子能带结构; 拓扑非平庸的量子自旋霍尔态	[113]
碲化银	Ag(111)	STM, LEED	平面蜂窝状结构	节线型狄拉克费米子能带结构; 拓扑非平庸的量子自旋霍尔态	[116,117]

DownLoad: CSV

map

[1]	Novoselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666 Google Scholar
[2]	Kim K S, Zhao Y, Jang H, Lee S Y, Kim J M, Kim K S, Ahn J H, Kim P, Choi T Y, Hong B H 2009 Nature 457 706 Google Scholar
[3]	Nair R R, Blake P, Grigorenko A N, Novoselov K S, Booth T J, Stauber T, Peres N M R, Geim A K 2008 Science 320 1308 Google Scholar
[4]	Balandin A A, Ghost S, Bao W Z, Calizo I, Teweldebrhan D, Miao F, Lau C N 2008 Nano Lett. 8 902 Google Scholar
[5]	张辉, 蔡晓明, 郝振亮, 阮子林, 卢建臣, 蔡金明 2017 66 218103 Google Scholar Zhang H, Cai X M, Hao Z L, Ruan Z L, Lu J C, Cai J M 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 218103 Google Scholar
[6]	Traversi F, Raillon C, Benameur S M, Liu K, Khlybov S, Tosun M, Krasnozhon D, Kis A, Radenovic A 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 939 Google Scholar
[7]	Joshi R K, Gomez H, Alvi F, Kumar A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 6610 Google Scholar
[8]	Fiori G, Bonaccorso F, Iannaccone G, Palacios T, Neumaier D, Seabaugh A, Banerjee S K, Colombo L 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 768 Google Scholar
[9]	Xu Y, Shi G 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 3311 Google Scholar
[10]	Choi W, Lahiri I, Seelaboyina R, Kang Y S 2010 Crit. Rev. Solid State 35 52 Google Scholar
[11]	黄立, 李更, 张余洋, 鲍丽宏, 郇庆, 林晓, 王业亮, 郭海明, 申承民, 杜世萱, 高鸿钧 2018 67 126801 Google Scholar Huang L, Li G, Zhang Y Y, Bao L H, Huan Q, Lin X, Wang Y L, Guo H M, Shen C M, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 126801 Google Scholar
[12]	Zeng Z Y, Yin Z Y, Huang X, Li H, He Q Y, Lu G, Boey F, Zhang H 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 11093 Google Scholar
[13]	Sarkar D, Xie X J, Liu W, Cao W, Kang J H, Gong Y J, Kraemer S, Ajayan P M, Banerjee K 2015 Nature 526 91 Google Scholar
[14]	Sundaram R S, Engel M, Lombardo A, Krupke R, Ferrari A C, Avouris P, Steiner M 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1416 Google Scholar
[15]	Fowler J D, Allen M J, Tung V C, Yang K, Kaner R B, Weiller B H 2009 ACS Nano 3 301 Google Scholar
[16]	Li G, Zhang Y Y, Guo H, Huang L, Lu H L, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Chem. Soc. Rev. 47 6073 Google Scholar
[17]	Sie E J, Mclver J W, Lee Y H, Fu L, Kong J, Gedik N 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 290 Google Scholar
[18]	Xu X D, Yao W, Xiao D, Heinz T F 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 343 Google Scholar
[19]	Mak K F, McGill K L, Park J, McEuen P L 2014 Science 344 1489 Google Scholar
[20]	Cao T, Wang G, Han W P, Ye H Q, Zhu C R, Shi J R, Niu Q, Tan P H, Wang E G, Liu B L, Feng J 2012 Nat. Commun. 3 887 Google Scholar
[21]	Guzman V G G, Lew Y V L C 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 075131 Google Scholar
[22]	Pan H, Li Z S, Liu C C, Zhu G B, Qiao Z H, Yao Y G 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 055502 Google Scholar
[23]	Liu C C, Feng W, Yao Y 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 076802 Google Scholar
[24]	Feng B, Ding Z, Meng S, Yao Y, He X, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K 2012 Nano Lett. 12 3507 Google Scholar
[25]	Meng L, Wang Y, Zhang L, Du S, Wu R, Li L, Zhang Y, Li G, Zhou H, Hofer W A, Gao H J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 685 Google Scholar
[26]	Li L, Lu S Z, Pan J, Qin Z, Wang Y Q, Wang Y, Cao G Y, Du S, Gao H J 2014 Adv. Mater. 26 4820 Google Scholar
[27]	Cahangirov S, Topsakal M, Akturk E, Sahin H, Ciraci S 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 236804 Google Scholar
[28]	Ye X S, Shao Z G, Zhao H, Yang L, Wang C L 2014 RSC Adv. 4 21216 Google Scholar
[29]	Xu Y, Yan B, Zhang H J, Wang J, Xu G, Tang P, Duan W, Zhang S C 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 136804 Google Scholar
[30]	Wu S C, Shan G C, Yan B H 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 256401 Google Scholar
[31]	Wang J, Xu Y, Zhang S C 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 054503 Google Scholar
[32]	Zhu F F, Chen W J, Xu Y, Gao C L, Guan D D, Liu C H, Qian D, Zhang S C, Jia J F 2015 Nat. Mater. 14 1020 Google Scholar
[33]	Deng J, Xia B, Ma X, Chen H, Shan H, Zhai X, Li B, Zhao A, Xu Y, Duan W, Zhang S C, Wang B, Hou J G 2018 Nat. Mater. 17 1081 Google Scholar
[34]	Olson J K, Boldyrev A I 2012 Chem. Phys. Lett. 523 83 Google Scholar
[35]	Ogitsu T, Schwegler E, Galli G 2013 Chem. Rev. 113 3425 Google Scholar
[36]	Oganov A R, Chen J H, Gatti C, Ma Y Z, Ma Y M, Glass C W, Liu Z X, Yu T, Kurakevych O O, Solozhenko V L 2009 Nature 457 863 Google Scholar
[37]	Boustani I 1997 Phys. Rev. B 55 24 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhai H J, Kiran B, Li J, Wang L S 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 827 Google Scholar
[39]	Boggavarapu K, Satya B, Zhai H J, Soohaeng Y, Zeng X C, Wang L S 2005 P. Natl. Acad. Sci. 102 961 Google Scholar
[40]	Tang H, Ismail-Beigi S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 115501 Google Scholar
[41]	Feng B J, Zhang J, Zhong Q, Li W B, Li S, Li H, Cheng P, Meng S, Chen L, Wu K H 2016 Nat. Chem. 8 564 Google Scholar
[42]	刘中流, 王业亮, 高鸿钧 2017 物理 46 145 Google Scholar Liu Z L, Wang Y L, Gao H J 2017 Physics 46 145 Google Scholar
[43]	Li L, Wang Y, Xie S, Li X B, Wang Y Q, Wu R, Sun H, Zhang S, Gao H J 2013 Nano Lett. 13 4671 Google Scholar
[44]	Wittig J, Matthias B 1968 Science 160 994 Google Scholar
[45]	Li L, Yu Y, Ye G J, Ge Q, Ou X, Wu H, Feng D, Chen X H, Zhang Y 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 372 Google Scholar
[46]	Liu H, Neal A T, Zhu Z, Luo Z, Xu X, Tomanek D, Ye P D 2014 ACS Nano 8 4033 Google Scholar
[47]	Zhang J L, Zhao S T, Han C, Wang Z Z, Zhong S, Sun S, Guo R, Zhou X, Gu C D, Yuan K D, Li Z Y, Chen W 2016 Nano Lett. 16 4903 Google Scholar
[48]	Zhang S L, Yan Z, Li Y F, Chen Z F, Zeng H B 2015 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 3112 Google Scholar
[49]	Wang Y Y, Huang P, Ye M, Quhe R G, Pan Y Y, Zhang H, Zhong H X, Shi J J, Lu J 2017 Chem. Mater. 29 2191 Google Scholar
[50]	Zhang P F, Liu Z, Duan W H, Liu F, Wu J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 201410 Google Scholar
[51]	Bian G, Miller T, Chiang T C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 036802 Google Scholar
[52]	Huo C X, Sun X M, Yan Z, Song X F, Zhang S L, Xie Z, Liu J Z, Ji J P, Jiang L F, Zhou S Y, Zeng H B 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 3568 Google Scholar
[53]	Wu X, Shao Y, Liu H, Feng Z, Wang Y L, Sun J T, Liu C, Wang J O, Liu Z L, Zhu S Y, Wang Y Q, Du S X, Shi Y G, Ibrahim K, Gao H J 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1605407 Google Scholar
[54]	Zhu S Y, Shao Y, Wang E, Cao L, Li X Y, Liu Z L, Liu C, Liu L W, Wang J O, Ibrahim K, Sun J T, Wang Y L, Du S, Gao H J 2019 Nano Lett. 19 6323 Google Scholar
[55]	Aktürk E, Aktürk O Ü, Ciraci S 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 014115 Google Scholar
[56]	Liu Z, Liu C X, Wu Y S, Duan W H, Liu F, Wu J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 136805 Google Scholar
[57]	Drozdov I K, Alexandradinata A, Jeon S, Nadj P S, Ji H W, Cava R J, Bernevig B A, Yazdani A 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 664 Google Scholar
[58]	Wada M, Murakami S, Freimuth F, Bihlmayer G 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 121310 Google Scholar
[59]	Cheng L, Liu H, Tan X, Zhang J, Wei J, Lv H, Shi J, Tang X 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 904 Google Scholar
[60]	Hirahara T, Fukui N, Shirasawa T, Yamada M, Aitani M, Miyazaki H, Matsunami M, Kimura S, Takahashi T, Hasegawa S, Kobayashi K 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 227401 Google Scholar
[61]	Reis F, Dudy L, Bauernfeind M, Glass S, Hanke W, Thomale R, Schafer J, R.Claessen 2017 Science 357 287 Google Scholar
[62]	Pease R S 1950 Nature 165 722 Google Scholar
[63]	Zhou K G, Mao N N, Wang H X, Peng Y, Zhang H L 2011 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50 10839 Google Scholar
[64]	Kubota Y, Watanabe K, Tsuda O, Taniguchi 2007 Science 317 932 Google Scholar
[65]	Paszkowicz W, Pelka J B, Knapp M, Szyszko T, Podsiadlo S 2002 Appl. Phys. A: Mater. Sci. Process. 75 431 Google Scholar
[66]	Garnica M, Schwarz M, Ducke J, He Y, Bischoff F, Barth J V, Auwärter W, Stradi D 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 155431 Google Scholar
[67]	Farwick Z H F H, Zimmermann D M, Silva C C, Schlueter C, Atodiresei N, Jolie W, Martinez-Galera A J, Dombrowski D, Schroder U A, Will M, Lazic P, Caciuc V, Blugel S, Lee T L, Michely T, Busse C 2016 ACS Nano 10 11012 Google Scholar
[68]	Auwärter W, Kreutz T J, Greber T, Osterwalder J 1999 Surf. Sci. 429 229 Google Scholar
[69]	Preobrajenski A B, Vinogradov A S, Ng M L, Ćavar E, Westerström R, Mikkelsen A, Lundgren E, Mårtensson N 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 245412 Google Scholar
[70]	Schwarz M, Riss A, Garnica M, Ducke J, Deimel P S, Duncan D A, Thakur P K, Lee T L, Seitsonen A P, Barth J V, Allegretti F, Auwarter W 2017 ACS Nano 11 9151 Google Scholar
[71]	Jiang X F, Weng Q H, Wang X B, Li X, Zhang J, Golberg D, Bando Y 2015 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 31 589 Google Scholar
[72]	Mak K F, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz T F 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 136805 Google Scholar
[73]	Wang H, Yu L, Lee Y H, Shi Y, Hsu A, Chin M L, Li L J, Dubey M, Kong J, Palacios T 2012 Nano Lett. 12 4674 Google Scholar
[74]	Radisavljevic B, Radenovic A, Brivio J, Giacometti V, Kis A 2011 Nat. Nanotechnol. 6 147 Google Scholar
[75]	Sørensen S G, Fuchtbauer H G, Tuxen A K, Walton A S, Lauritsen J V 2014 ACS Nano 8 6788 Google Scholar
[76]	Splendiani A, Sun L, Zhang Y B, Li T S, Kim J, Chim C Y, Galli G, Wang F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 1271 Google Scholar
[77]	Lopez-Sanchez O, Lembke D, Kayci M, Radenovic A, Kis A 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 497 Google Scholar
[78]	Vancso P, Magda G Z, Peto J, Noh J Y, Kim Y S, Hwang C, Biro L P, Tapaszto L 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 29726 Google Scholar
[79]	Choi W B, Choudhary N, Han G H, Park J H, Akinwande D, Lee Y H 2017 Mater. Today 20 116 Google Scholar
[80]	Ugeda M M, Bradley A J, Shi S F, da Jornada F H, Zhang Y, Qiu D Y, Ruan W, Mo S K, Hussain Z, Shen Z X, Wang F, Louie S G, Crommie M F 2014 Nat. Mater. 13 1091 Google Scholar
[81]	Zhang Y, Chang T R, Zhou B, Cui Y T, Yan H, Liu Z K, Schmitt F, Lee J, Moore R, Chen Y L, Lin H, Jeng H T, Mo S K, Hussain Z, Bansil A, Shen Z X 2014 Nat. Nanotechnol. 9 111 Google Scholar
[82]	卢建臣 2017 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院物理研究所) Lu J C 2017 Ph.D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Physics & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese)
[83]	Lu J C, Bao D L, Qian K, Zhang S, Chen H, Lin X, Du S X, Gao H J 2017 ACS Nano 11 1689 Google Scholar
[84]	Tongay S, Zhou J, Ataca C, Lo K, Matthews T S, Li J, Grossman J C, Wu J 2012 Nano Lett. 12 5576 Google Scholar
[85]	Kandemir A, Akbali B, Kahraman Z, Badalov S V, Ozcan M, Iyikanat F, Sahin H 2018 Semicond. Sci. Tech. 33 085002 Google Scholar
[86]	Zhao Y D, Qiao J S, Yu Z H, Yu P, Xu K, Lau S P, Zhou W, Liu Z, Wang X R, Ji W, Chai Y 2016 Adv. Mater. 29 1604230 Google Scholar
[87]	Gao J, Cheng Y, Tian T, Hu X, Zeng K, Zhang G, Zhang Y W 2017 ACS Omega 2 8640 Google Scholar
[88]	Wang Y L, Li L F, Yao W, Song S, Sun J T, Pan J B, Ren X, Li C, Okunishi E, Wang Y Q, Wang E Y, Shao Y, Zhang Y Y, Yang H T, Schwier E F, Iwasawa H, Shimada K, Taniguchi M, Cheng Z H, Zhou S Y, Du S X, Pennycook S J, Pantelides S T, Gao H J 2015 Nano Lett. 15 4013 Google Scholar
[89]	Kong D S, Cha J, Wang H T, Lee H R, Cui Y 2013 Energ. Environ. Sci. 6 3553 Google Scholar
[90]	Inoue N, Yasuoka H, Ogawa S 1980 Phys. Soc. Jpn. 48 850 Google Scholar
[91]	Xue M Z, Fu Z W 2006 Electrochem. Commun. 8 1855 Google Scholar
[92]	Reyes-Retana J A, Naumis G G, Cervantes-Sodi F 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 3295 Google Scholar
[93]	Shao Y, Song S, Wu X, Qi J, Lu H, Liu C, Zhu S, Liu Z, Wang J, Shi D, Du S, Wang Y, Gao H J 2017 App. Phys. Lett. 111 113107 Google Scholar
[94]	Gong F, Xu X, Li Z Q, Zhou G, Wang Z S 2013 Chem. Commun. 49 1437 Google Scholar
[95]	Wang F M, Li Y C, Shifa T A, Liu K L, Wang F, Wang Z X, Xu P, Wang Q S, He J 2016 Angew. Chem. 128 7033 Google Scholar
[96]	Kwak I H, Im H S, Jang D M, Kim Y W, Park K, Lim Y R, Cha E H, Park J 2016 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8 5327 Google Scholar
[97]	Shen Y Z, Ren X S, Qi X, Zhou J, Xu G H, Huang Z Y, Zhong J X 2017 J. Mater. Sci. Mater. El. 28 768 Google Scholar
[98]	Liu W, Kang J, Sarkar D, Khatami Y, Jena D, Banerjee K 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1983 Google Scholar
[99]	Duan X D, Wang C, Pan A, Yu R Q, Duan X F 2015 Chem. Soc. Rev 44 8859 Google Scholar
[100]	Liu H J, Jiao L, Xie L, Yang F, Chen J L, Ho W K, Gao C L, Jia J F, Cui X D, Xie M H 2015 2D Mater. 2 034004 Google Scholar
[101]	Li Y, Qin J K, Xu C Y, Cao J, Sun Z Y, Ma L P, Hu P A, Ren W C, Zhen L 2016 Adv. Funct. Mater. 26 4319 Google Scholar
[102]	Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Sun W L, Xu C Z, Lin D S, Chou M Y, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2003 Google Scholar
[103]	Liu J, Hou W J, Cheng C, Fu H X, Sun J T, Meng S 2017 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 29 255501 Google Scholar
[104]	Bayard M, Sienko M 1976 J. Solid State Chem. 19 325 Google Scholar
[105]	Xu K, Chen P Z, Li X L, Wu C Z, Guo Y Q, Zhao J Y, Wu X J, Xie Y 2013 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52 10477 Google Scholar
[106]	Zhang Z P, Niu J J, Yang P F, Gong Y, Ji Q Q, Shi J P, Fang Q Y, Jiang S L, Li H, Zhou X B, Gu L, Wu X S, Zhang Y F 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1702359 Google Scholar
[107]	Liu Z L, Wu X, Shao Y, Qi J, Cao Y, Huang L, Liu C, Wang J, Zheng Q, Zhu Z L, Ibrahim K, Wang Y L, Gao H J 2018 Sci. Bull. 63 419 Google Scholar
[108]	Liu Z L, Lei B, Zhu Z L, Tao L, Qi J, Bao D L, Wu X, Huang L, Zhang Y Y, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S, Pantelides S T, Gao H J 2019 Nano Lett. 19 4897 Google Scholar
[109]	Ma Y D, Dai Y, Guo M, Niu C W, Zhu Y T, Huang B B 2012 ACS Nano 6 1695 Google Scholar
[110]	Lin X, Lu J C, Shao Y, et al. 2017 Nat. Mater. 16 717 Google Scholar
[111]	Zhang H J, Li Y F, Hou J H, Tu K X, Chen Z F 2016 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 5644 Google Scholar
[112]	Pan L D, Zhang L Z, Song B Q, Du S X, Gao H J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 173102 Google Scholar
[113]	Gao L, Sun J T, Lu J C, Li H, Qian K, Zhang S, Zhang Y Y, Qian T, Ding H, Lin X, Du S, Gao H J 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1707055 Google Scholar
[114]	Zhang W, Yu R, Feng W X, Yao Y G, Weng H M, Dai X, Fang Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 156808 Google Scholar
[115]	Ma Y D, Kou L Z, Dai Y, Heine T 2016 Phys. Rev. B 93 235451 Google Scholar
[116]	Dong L, Wang A, Li E, Wang Q, Li G, Huan Q, Gao H J 2019 Chin. Phys. Lett. 36 028102 Google Scholar
[117]	Liu B, Liu J, Miao G Y, Xue S W, Zhang S Y, Liu L X, Huang X C, Zhu X T, Meng S, Guo J D, Liu M, Wang W H 2019 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10 1866 Google Scholar
[118]	Chen P, Pai W W, Chan Y H, Takayama A, Xu C Z, Karn A, Hasegawa S, Chou M Y, Mo S K, Fedorov A V, Chiang T C 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 516 Google Scholar
[119]	Reshak A H and Auluck S 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 245113 Google Scholar
[120]	Song Z, Lei B, Cao Y, Qi J, Peng H, Wang Q, Huang L, Lu H, Lin X, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 056801 Google Scholar
[121]	Oyedele A D, Yang S, Liang L, et al. 2017 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 139 14090 Google Scholar
[122]	Li E, Wang D F, Fan P, Zhang R Z, Zhang Y Y, Li G, Mao J H, Wang Y L, Lin X, Du S X, Gao H J 2018 Nano Res. 11 5858 Google Scholar
[123]	Dang W H, Peng H L, Li H, Wang P, Liu Z F 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2870 Google Scholar
[124]	Tsipas P, Xenogiannopoulou E, Kassavetis S, Tsoutsou D, Golias E, Bazioti C, Dimitrakopulos G P, Komninou P, Liang H, Caymax M, Dimoulas A 2014 ACS Nano 8 6614 Google Scholar
[125]	Zhang Y, He K, Chang C Z, Song C L, Wang L L, Chen X, Jia J F, Fang Z, Dai X, Shan W Y, Shen S Q, Niu Q, Qi X L, Zhang S C, Ma X C, Xue Q K 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 584 Google Scholar
[126]	Chae J, Kang S H, Park S H, Park H, Jeong K, Kim T H, Hong S B, Kim K S, Kwon Y K, Kim J W, Cho M H 2019 ACS Nano 13 3931 Google Scholar
[127]	Zheng H, Jia J F 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 067403 Google Scholar
[128]	Vogt P, Padova P D, Quaresima C, Avila J, Frantzeskakis E, Asensio M C, Resta A, Ealet B, Lay G L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 155501 Google Scholar
[129]	Lalmi B, Oughaddou H, Enriquez H, Kara A, Vizzini S, Ealet B, Aufray B 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 223109 Google Scholar
[130]	Onoda J, Yabuoshi K, Miyazaki H, Sugimoto Y 2017 Phys. Rev. B 96 241302 Google Scholar
[131]	Aufray B, Kara A, Vizzini S, Oughaddou H, Leandri C, Ealet B, Lay G L 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 183102 Google Scholar
[132]	Huang L, Zhang Y F, Zhang Y Y, et al. 2017 Nano Lett. 17 1161 Google Scholar
[133]	Fleurence A, Friedlein R, Ozaki T, Kawai H, Wang Y, Takamura Y Y 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 245501 Google Scholar
[134]	Agnieszka, Dybala S, Krawiec M 2019 J. Phys. Chem. C 123 17019 Google Scholar
[135]	Dávila M E, Xian L, Cahangirov S, Rubio A, Lay G L 2014 New J. Phys. 16 095002 Google Scholar
[136]	Derivaz M, Dentel D, Stephan R, Hanf M C, Mehdaoui A, Sonnet P, Pirri C 2015 Nano Lett. 15 2510 Google Scholar
[137]	Lin C H, Huang A, Pai W W, et al. 2018 Phys. Rev. Mater. 2 024003 Google Scholar
[138]	Qin Z H, Pan J B, Lu S Z, Yan S, Wang Y L, Du S X, Gao H J, Cao G Y 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1606046 Google Scholar
[139]	Gou J, Kong L J, Li H, Zhong Q, Li W B, Cheng P, Chen L, Wu K H 2017 Phys. Rev. Mater. 1 054004 Google Scholar
[140]	Mannix A J, Zhou X F, Kiraly B, Wood J D, Alducin D, Myers B D, Liu X L, Fisher B L, Santiago U, Guest J R, Yacaman M J, Ponce A, Oganov A R, Hersam M C, Guisinger N P 2015 Science 350 1513 Google Scholar
[141]	Zhou D C, Meng Q L, Si N, Zhou X, Zhai S W, Tang Q, Ji Q M, Zhou M, Niu T C, Fuchs H 2020 ACS Nano 14 2385 Google Scholar
[142]	Iannuzzi M, Tran F, Widmer R, Dienel T, Radican K, Ding Y, Hutter J, Gröning O 2014 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16 12374 Google Scholar
[143]	Li Q C, Zou X L, Liu M X, Sun J Y, Gao Y B, Qi Y, Zhou X B, Yakobson B I, Zhang Y F, Liu Z F 2015 Nano Lett. 15 5804 Google Scholar
[144]	Grønborg S S, Ulstrup S, Bianchi M, Dendzik M, Sanders C E, Lauritsen J V, Hofmann P, Miwa J A 2015 Langmuir 31 9700 Google Scholar
[145]	Chen P Y, Xu W S, Gao Y K, Warner J H, Castell M R 2018 ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 1 6976 Google Scholar
[146]	Yao W, Wang E Y, Huang H, et al. 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 1 Google Scholar
[147]	Sajjad M, Montes E, Singh N, Schwingenschlögl U 2017 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 4 1600911 Google Scholar
[148]	Ataca C, Şahin H, Ciraci S 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 8983 Google Scholar
[149]	Kum H S, Lee H, Kim S, et al. 2020 Nature 578 75 Google Scholar

[1]	You Ming-Hui, Li Xue, Li Shi-Jun, Liu Guo-Jun. Growth of lattice matched InAs/AlSb superlattices by molecular beam epitaxy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 72(1): 014203. doi: 10.7498/aps.72.20221383
[2]	Wang Wei, Liu Wei, Xie Sen, Ge Hao-Ran, Ouyang Yu-Jie, Zhang Cheng, Hua Fu-Qiang, Zhang Min, Tang Xin-Feng. epitaxial growth, intrinsic point defects and electronic transport optimization of MnTe films. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(13): 137102. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212350
[3]	Zheng Xiao-Hu, Zhang Jian-Feng, Du Rui-Rui. Comparative study on epitaxial growth of stanene and bismuthene on InSb(111) substrate. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(18): 186401. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221024
[4]	Huang De-Rao, Song Jun-Jie, He Pi-Mo, Huang Kai-Kai, Zhang Han-Jie. Adsorption behavior of 9,9′-Dixanthylidene and moiré superstructure on Ru(0001). Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(21): 216801. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20221057
[5]	De-Rao Huang, Jun-Jie Song, Pi-Mo He, Kai-Kai Huang, Han-Jie Zhang. Adsorption Behavior of 9,9'-Dixanthylidene and Moiré Superstructure on Ru(0001). Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 0(0): . doi: 10.7498/aps.7120221057
[6]	Li Wen-Hui, Chen Lan, Wu Ke-Hui. Experimental synthesis of borophene. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 108104. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220155
[7]	Li Pei-Gen, Zhang Ji-Hai, Tao Ye, Zhong Ding-Yong. Two-dimensional magnetic transition metal halides: molecular beam epitaxy growth and physical property modulation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(12): 127505. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220727
[8]	Li Geng, Guo Hui, Gao Hong-Jun. Novel two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures constructed in ultra-high vacuum. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(10): 106801. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20212407
[9]	Li Yuan, Deng Han-Bin, Wang Cui-Xiang, Li Shuai-Shuai, Liu Li-Min, Zhu Chang-Jiang, Jia Ke, Sun Ying-Kai, Du Xin, Yu Xin, Guan Tong, Wu Rui, Zhang Shu-Yuan, Shi You-Guo, Mao Han-Qing. Surface and electronic structure of antiferromagnetic axion insulator candidate EuIn₂As₂. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(18): 186801. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20210783
[10]	Zhang Zhi-Mo, Zhang Wen-Hao, Fu Ying-Shuang. Scanning tunneling microscopy study on two-dimensional topological insulators. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(22): 226801. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20191631
[11]	Huang Li, Li Geng, Zhang Yu-Yang, Bao Li-Hong, Huan Qing, Lin Xiao, Wang Ye-Liang, Guo Hai-Ming, Shen Cheng-Min, Du Shi-Xuan, Gao Hong-Jun. Construction, physical properties and applications of low-dimensional atomic/molecular crystals. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(12): 126801. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20180846
[12]	Pang Zong-Qiang, Zhang Yue, Rong Zhou, Jiang Bing, Liu Rui-Lan, Tang Chao. Adsorption and dissociation of water on oxygen pre-covered Cu (110) observed with scanning tunneling microscopy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2016, 65(22): 226801. doi: 10.7498/aps.65.226801
[13]	Liu Meng-Xi, Zhang Yan-Feng, Liu Zhong-Fan. Scanning tunneling microscopy study of in-plane graphene-hexagonal boron nitride heterostructures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(7): 078101. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.078101
[14]	Huang Xiang-Qian, Lin Chen-Fang, Yin Xiu-Li, Zhao Ru-Guang, Wang En-Ge, Hu Zong-Hai. Hydrogen adsorption on one-dimensional graphene superlattices. Acta Physica Sinica, 2014, 63(19): 197301. doi: 10.7498/aps.63.197301
[15]	Nie Shuai-Hua, Zhu Li-Jun, Pan Dong, Lu Jun, Zhao Jian-Hua. Structural characterization and magnetic properties of perpendicularly magnetized MnAl films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(17): 178103. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.178103
[16]	Feng Wei, Zhao Ai-Di. STM study of single cobalt atoms and clusters adsorbed on Rh (111) and Pd (111). Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(17): 173601. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.173601
[17]	Ding Zhao, Wei Jun, Yang Zai-Rong, Luo Zi-Jiang, He Ye-Quan, Zhou Xun, He Hao, Deng Chao-Yong. Study on temperature calibration and surface phase transition of GaAs crystal substrate in MBE growth by RHEED real-time monitoring. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(1): 016109. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.016109
[18]	Huang Ren-Zhong, Liu Liu, Yang Wen-Jing. STM tip-induced atomic motion on the top of film supported by a metal substrate. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(11): 116803. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.116803
[19]	Chen Yong-Jun, Zhao Ru-Guang, Yang Wei-Sheng. Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of alkane and alkanol adsorbed on graphite. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(1): 284-290. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.284
[20]	Ge Si-Ping, Zhu Xing, Yang Wei-Sheng. The manipulation of Cu subsurface interstitial atoms with scanning tunneling microscope. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(2): 824-831. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.824

Catalog

Vol. 69, Issue 11 - 2020-06-05

Metrics

Abstract views: 25388
PDF Downloads: 798
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板