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The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have the advantages of stable triaxial structure, ultra-long electron spin coherence time and simple optical readout at room temperature. A nitrogen atom in the diamond crystal replaces a carbon atom and a vacancy is generated at the adjacent position, forming a point defect in the C3v space group structure. Its ground state and excited state are both spin triplet states. It is the key to achieving efficient preparation of optical initial state and extracting NV color center’s information in the researches of highly sensitive sensing magnetic detection, temperature detection, biological imaging, quantum computing, etc. However, there was no systematic study on relevant parameters of laser for high-concentration NV color center’s samples in previous experimental studies. Based on a high concentration diamond NV ensemble, we use pulsed optical detection magnetic resonance (ODMR) technology to systematically study the relationship among laser initial polarization time, information reading time and laser power, and the influence of laser incident polarization angle on the accuracy of sensing information. The effects of various laser parameters on the NV1 peak of ODMR on the [111] axis of the NVs of diamond are also investigated. The contrast of ODMR increases firstly with a sigmoid function and then decreases with an e-exponential function as the information reading time increases. The incident polarization angle of the laser is sinusoidal, with a period of 90°. According to the above experimental results, we finally choose the appropriate experimental parameters at 45.8 W/cm2 (300 μs of polarization, 700 ns, reading time, laser incident angle is 220°) for ODMR test. Compared with previous experimental parameters (polarization time was 50 us, read the time of 3000 ns, laser incident angle was 250°), the experimental results show that the contrast of ODMR increases from 2.1% to 4.6%, and the typical magnetic sensitivity is improved from 21.6 nT/Hz1/2 to 5.6 nT/Hz1/2. The optimization of the optical control of NVs in solid diamond is realized. The above results provide an effective support for the detection of high-sensitivity manipulation sensing based on high-concentration NV ensemble.
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图 1 (a) 金刚石NV色心的能级结构; (b) 金刚石NV色心实验装置; (c) 实验时序示意图; (d) 沿着[111]轴向施加磁场的ODMR
Figure 1. (a) Energy level structure of NV center; (b) sketch of experimental setup; (c) sketch of timing sequence; (d) ODMR with a magnetic field along the [111] axis.
图 2 (a) 不同光功率密度下信号随极化时间的变化; (b) 不同光功率密度下极化时间曲线
Figure 2. (a) Variation of signal intensity with polarization time at different laser intensity; (b) polarization time with different laser intensity.
图 3 (a) 不同光功率密度下信息读取时间和对比度的关系; (b) 不同光功率密度下最佳信息读取时间曲线
Figure 3. (a) Reading time with contrast ratio at different laser intensity; (b) best reading time with different laser intensity.
图 4 对比度随激光入射偏振角的变化曲线
Figure 4. Contrast ratio changing with different polarization angle of the laser.
图 5 (a)优化前的ODMR; (b)优化后的ODMR
Figure 5. (a) ODMR before optimization; (b) ODMR after optimization.
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[1] Schirhagl R, Chang K, Loretz M, Degen C L 2014 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65 83
Google Scholar
[2] Suter D, Jelezko F 2017 Prog. Nucl. Magn. Reson. Spectrosc. 98-99 50
Google Scholar
[3] Zhang C, Yuan H, Zhang N, Xu L, Zhang J, Li B, Fang J 2018 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 155102
Google Scholar
[4] Luo M X, Li H R, Lai H, Wang X 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 25977
Google Scholar
[5] Balasubramanian G, Lazariev A, Arumugam S R, Duan D 2014 Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 20 69
Google Scholar
[6] Doherty M W, Acosta V M, Jarmola A, Barson M S J, Hollenberg L C L 2013 Phys. Rev. B 90 12
Google Scholar
[7] Yang Z, Shi F, Wang P, Raatz N, Li R, Qin X, Meijer J, Duan C, Ju C, Kong X, Du J 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 205438
Google Scholar
[8] Rendler T, Neburkova J, Zemek O, Kotek J, Zappe A, Chu Z, Cigler P, Wrachtrup J 2017 Nat. Commun. 8 14701
Google Scholar
[9] Yang Z, Kong X, Li Z, Yang K, Yu P, Wang P, Wang Y, Qin X, Rong X, Duan C K, Shi F, Du J 2020 Adv. Quantum. Technol. 3 1900136
Google Scholar
[10] Dréau A, Lesik M, Rondin L, Spinicelli P, Arcizet O, Roch J F, Jacques V 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195204
Google Scholar
[11] Yavkin B V, Soltamov V A, Babunts R A, Anisimov A N, Baranov P G, Shakhov F M, Kidalov S V, Vul' A Y, Mamin G V, Orlinskii S B 2014 Appl. Magn. Reson. 45 1035
Google Scholar
[12] Robledo L, Bernien H, van Weperen I, Hanson R 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 177403
Google Scholar
[13] Wang F, Zu C, He L, Wang W B, Zhang W G, Duan L M 2016 Phys. Rev. B 94 064304
Google Scholar
[14] Xu L, Yuan H, Zhang N, Zhang J, Bian G, Fan P, Li M, Zhang C, Zhai Y, Fang J 2019 Opt. Express 27 10787
Google Scholar
[15] Shi F, Kong X, Wang P, Kong F, Zhao N, Liu R B, Du J 2013 Nat. Phys. 10 21
Google Scholar
[16] Poggiali F, Cappellaro P, Fabbri N 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 195308
Google Scholar
[17] Giri R, Gorrini F, Dorigoni C, Avalos C E, Cazzanelli M, Tambalo S, Bifone A 2018 Phys. Rev. B 98 045401
Google Scholar
[18] Robledo L, Bernien H, Sar T v d, Hanson R 2011 New J. Phys. 13 025013
Google Scholar
[19] Chakraborty T, Zhang J, Suter D 2017 New J. Phys. 19 073030
Google Scholar
[20] Fu K M C, Santori C, Barclay P E, Beausoleil R G 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 121907
Google Scholar
[21] Bluvstein D, Zhang Z, Jayich A C B 2019 Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 076101
Google Scholar
[22] 王成杰, 石发展, 王鹏飞, 段昌奎, 杜江峰 2018 67 130701
Google Scholar
Wang C J, Shi F Z, Wang P F, Duan C K, Du J F 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 130701
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang N, Zhang C, Xu L, Ding M, Quan W, Tang Z, Yuan H 2016 Appl. Magn. Reson. 47 589
Google Scholar
[24] Ma Y, Rohlfing M, Gali A 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 041204
Google Scholar
[25] Zhu Q, Guo H, Chen Y, Wu D, Zhao B, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhao R, Du F, Tang J, Liu J 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 110309
Google Scholar
[26] 宁伟光, 张扬, 李中豪, 唐军 2019 量子光学学报 25 215
Google Scholar
Ning W G, Zhang Y, Li Z H, Tang J 2019 Journal of Quantum Optics 25 215
Google Scholar
[27] Chen X D, Zheng Y, Du B, Li D F, Li S, Dong Y, Guo G C, Sun F W 2019 Phys. Rev. Appl. 11 064024
Google Scholar
[28] Fuchs G D, Dobrovitski V V, Toyli D M, Heremans F J, Weis C D, Schenkel T, Awschalom D D 2010 Nat. Phys. 6 668
Google Scholar
[29] Alegre T P M, Santori C, Medeiros-Ribeiro G, Beausoleil R G 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 165205
Google Scholar
[30] 赵锐, 赵彬彬, 王磊, 郭浩, 唐军, 刘俊 2018 微纳电子技术 55 683
Google Scholar
Zhao R, Zhao B B, Wang L, Guo H, Tang J, Liu J 2018 Micronanoelectronic Technology 55 683
Google Scholar
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