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The technology of electro-optic modulation is one of the several methods of generating the Raman beams. The experimental system based on this method is simple and much easier to implement, and the environmental adaptability is strong as well. However, this kind of modulation technology will produce additional laser lines, which may affect the measurement accuracy of cold atom gravimeter. Based on a homemade transportable cold atom gravimeter, the influence of Raman sideband effect on the accuracy of cold atom gravimeter is investigated in this paper. We analyze in detail the relationship between Raman sideband effect and some experimental parameters, such as the height of Raman retro-reflection mirror, the time of free fall of the atoms, the detuning of Raman laser, etc. It is found that those parameters have a dominant influence on the measured gravity resulting from Raman sideband effect. Besides, it is also found that the gravity measurements will be sensitive again to some experimental parameters in the case of Raman sideband effect while these parameters are usually insensitive in case of laser system without sideband effect. Finally, we investigate the relationship between Raman sideband effect and Raman detuning, and presente a method of evaluating the gravity induced by Raman sideband effect. The experimental results in this paper can provide a reference for reducing the influence of Raman sideband effect on the accuracy evaluation of cold atomic gravimeter.
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[13] Lautier J, Volodimer L, Hardin T, Merlet S, Lours M, Dos Santos F P, Landragin A 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 144102
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[14] Cheiney P, Fouche L, Templier S, Napolitano F, Battelier B, Bouyer P, Barrett B 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 034030
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Google Scholar
[16] Mahadeswaraswamy C 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (California: Stanford University)
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[22] Menoret V, Vermeulen P, Le Moigne N, Bonvalot S, Bouyer P, Landragin A, Desruelle B 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12300
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang X W, Zhong J Q, Tang B, Chen X, Zhu L, Huang P W, Wang J, Zhan M S 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 6545
Google Scholar
[24] Carraz O, Lienhart F, Charrière R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2009 Appl. Phys. B 97 405
Google Scholar
[25] Diboune C, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Cadoret M, Bresson A 2017 Opt. Express 25 16898
Google Scholar
[26] Menoret V, Geiger R, Stern G, Zahzam N, Battelier B, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4128
Google Scholar
[27] Carraz O, Charrière R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033605
Google Scholar
[28] Zhu L X, Lien Y H, Hinton A, Niggebaum A, Rammeloo C, Bongs K, Holynski M 2018 Opt. Express 26 6542
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[29] Fu Z J, Wang Q Y, Wang Z Y, Wu B, Cheng B, Lin Q 2019 Chin. Opt. Lett. 17 011204
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[30] Wang Q, Wang Z, Fu Z, Liu W, Lin Q 2016 Opt. Commun. 358 82
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 拉曼光边带效应示意图
Figure 1. The schematic diagram of Raman sideband effect.
图 2 有无拉曼边带效应对冷原子重力仪测量结果的影响
Figure 2. The influence of laser systems with and without sidebands on the measured results of cold atom gravimeter
图 3 不同拉曼光反射镜位置重力测量值随
$T$ 的变化. 实心三角形: zM = 41.50 cm的实验数据; 实心正方形: zM = 40.58 cm的实验数据Figure 3. Measurements of the gravity changes as a function of
$T$ at two different positions of Raman retro-reflection mirror. Red and green scatters are the experimental data of the position of 41.50 cm and 40.58 cm respectively.
图 4 相同拉曼光反射镜位置下多次测量重力值随
$T$ 的变化关系. 不同颜色代表不同天的测量数据Figure 4. Measurements of the functions of gravity changes as different
$T$ when the positions of Raman retro-reflection mirror are the same. Different colors denote the experimental data measured at different days.
图 5 重力测量值随
${t_0}$ 的变化关系Figure 5. The measured gravity changes as a function of
${t_0}$ .
图 6 重力测量值随拉曼光失谐
$\varDelta $ 的变化. 红圆点: 实验数据; 红线: 线性拟合曲线Figure 6. The gravity variations with the changes of the detuning of Raman laser. Red dots: the experimental data; Red line: the linear fitted curve.
图 7 重力测量值随拉曼共振峰位置的变化 (a) 有边带效应; (b) 无边带效应; 圆散点: 实验数据; 黑线: 线性拟合曲线
Figure 7. The gravity variations as a function of the positions of Raman resonant peak. (a) With sidebands effect; (b) without sidebands effect. Round scatters: the experimental data; Black line: the linear fitted curve.
图 8 不同拉曼脉冲配置对重力测量的影响 (a)有边带效应情况; (b)无边带效应情况
Figure 8. The influence of different configurations of Raman pulses sequence on the measurement of gravity. (a) The case with sidebands effect; (b) the case without sidebands effect.
图 9 不同拉曼光反射镜位置重力测量值随拉曼光失谐的变化. 红点和黑点分别是41.50 和40.58 cm两个竖直位置下的实验数据, 红色和黑色直线分别是其线性拟合曲线
Figure 9. Measurements of the gravity as a function of the detunings of Raman laser at the different positions of Raman retro-reflection mirror. red and black scatters are the experimental data for two different heights 41.50 cm and 40.58 cm respectively; Red and black lines are the corresponding fitted curves.
图 10 不同t0下重力测量值随拉曼光大失谐Δ的变化. 黑圆点: t0 = 8 ms; 红三角: t0 = 11 ms; 蓝方块: t0 = 17 ms
Figure 10. The measured gravity as a function of the detunings of Raman laser with different t0. The black dots: t0 = 8 ms; The red triangle: t0 = 11 ms; the blue square: t0 = 17 ms.
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[1] Bouchendira R, Clade P, Guellati-Khelifa S, Nez F, Biraben F 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 080801
Google Scholar
[2] Parker R H, Yu C, Zhong W, Estey B, Müller H 2018 Science 360 191
Google Scholar
[3] Rosi G, Sorrentino F, Cacciapuoti L, Prevedelli M, Tino G 2014 Nature 510 518
Google Scholar
[4] Duan X C, Deng X B, Zhou M K, Zhang K, Xu W J, Xiong F, Xu Y Y, Shao C G, Luo J, Hu Z K 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 023001
Google Scholar
[5] Zhou L, Long S T, Tang B, Chen X, Gao F, Peng W C, Duan W T, Zhong J Q, Xiong Z Y, Wang J, Zhang Y Z, Zhan M S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 013004
Google Scholar
[6] Graham P W, Hogan J M, Kasevich M A, Rajendran S 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 171102
Google Scholar
[7] Peters A, Chung K Y, Chu S 2001 Metrologia 38 25
Google Scholar
[8] Peters A, Chung K Y, Chu S 1999 Nature 400 849
Google Scholar
[9] McGuirk J M, Foster G T, Fixler J B, Snadden M J, Kasevich M A 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 033608
Google Scholar
[10] Sorrentino F, Bodart Q, Cacciapuoti L, Lien Y H, Prevedelli M, Rosi G, Salvi L, Tino G M 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023607
Google Scholar
[11] Dutta I, Savoie D, Fang B, Venon B, Alzar C L G, Geiger R, Landragin A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 183003
Google Scholar
[12] Gustavson T L, Bouyer P, Kasevich M A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2046
Google Scholar
[13] Lautier J, Volodimer L, Hardin T, Merlet S, Lours M, Dos Santos F P, Landragin A 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 144102
Google Scholar
[14] Cheiney P, Fouche L, Templier S, Napolitano F, Battelier B, Bouyer P, Barrett B 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 034030
Google Scholar
[15] Bidel Y, Carraz O, Charriere R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bresson A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 144107
Google Scholar
[16] Mahadeswaraswamy C 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (California: Stanford University)
[17] Geiger R, Ménoret V, Stern G, Zahzam N, Cheinet P, Battelier B, Villing A, Moron F, Lours M, Bidel Y, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 474
Google Scholar
[18] Barrett B, Antoni-Micollier L, Chichet L, Battelier B, Lévèque T, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13786
[19] Bidel Y, Zahzam N, Blanchard C, Bonnin A, Cadoret M, Bresson A, Rouxel D, Lequentrec-Lalancette M F 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 9
Google Scholar
[20] Becker D, Lachmann M D, Seidel S T, Ahlers H, Dinkelaker A N, Grosse J, Hellmig O, Muentinga H, Schkolnik V, Wendrich T, Wenzlawski A, Weps B, Corgier R, Franz T, Gaaloul N, Herr W, Luedtke D, Popp M, Amri S, Duncker H, Erbe M, Kohfeldt A, Kubelka-Lange A, Braxmaier C, Charron E, Ertmer W, Krutzik M, Laemmerzahl C, Peters A, Schleich W P, Sengstock K, Walser R, Wicht A, Windpassinger P, Rasel E M 2018 Nature 562 391
Google Scholar
[21] Elliott E R, Krutzik M C, Williams J R, Thompson R J, Aveline D C 2018 NPJ Microgravity 4 7
Google Scholar
[22] Menoret V, Vermeulen P, Le Moigne N, Bonvalot S, Bouyer P, Landragin A, Desruelle B 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12300
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang X W, Zhong J Q, Tang B, Chen X, Zhu L, Huang P W, Wang J, Zhan M S 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 6545
Google Scholar
[24] Carraz O, Lienhart F, Charrière R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2009 Appl. Phys. B 97 405
Google Scholar
[25] Diboune C, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Cadoret M, Bresson A 2017 Opt. Express 25 16898
Google Scholar
[26] Menoret V, Geiger R, Stern G, Zahzam N, Battelier B, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4128
Google Scholar
[27] Carraz O, Charrière R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 033605
Google Scholar
[28] Zhu L X, Lien Y H, Hinton A, Niggebaum A, Rammeloo C, Bongs K, Holynski M 2018 Opt. Express 26 6542
Google Scholar
[29] Fu Z J, Wang Q Y, Wang Z Y, Wu B, Cheng B, Lin Q 2019 Chin. Opt. Lett. 17 011204
Google Scholar
[30] Wang Q, Wang Z, Fu Z, Liu W, Lin Q 2016 Opt. Commun. 358 82
Google Scholar
[31] 吴彬, 程冰, 付志杰, 朱栋, 周寅, 翁堪兴, 王肖隆, 林强 2018 67 190302
Google Scholar
Wu B, Cheng B, Fu Z J, Zhu D, Zhou Y, Weng K X, Wang X L, Lin Q 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 190302
Google Scholar
[32] Louchet Chauvet A, Farah T, Bodart Q, Clairon A, Landragin A, Merlet S, Dos Santos F P 2011 New J. Phys. 13 065025
Google Scholar
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