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The earlier research showed that circularly polarized laser pulses with peak intensities in a range of 1022-1025 W/cm2 can directly accelerate and generate GeV-TeV monoenergetic electron beams with a linear energy scaling with the laser intensity. To obtain higher energy electron beams, a scheme is proposed to use an electron beam with an initial energy E0 along the laser propagation direction. This scheme can overcome the linear energy scaling with E0=0 obtained previously and enhance the beam energy by E0 folds. This is because an electron beam with an initial energy can move with the laser pulse together and therefore obtain a longer acceleration distance. Two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation shows that this scheme is effective only for the electron beams initially with low energy on the order of MeV. With overhigh energy, electrons will miss the optimum acceleration field because the electron acceleration distance is much longer than the Rayleigh distance and the laser intensity is significantly attenuated.
[1] DesRosiers C, Moskvin V, Bielajew A F, Papiez L 2000 Phys. Med. Biol. 45 1781
[2] Glinec Y Y, Faure J, Malka V V, Fuchs T, Szymanowski H, Oelfke U 2006 Med. Phys. 33 155
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[11] Wang W M, Kawata S, Sheng Z M, Li Y T, Chen L M, Qian L J, Zhang J 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 2608
[12] Wang W M, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Li Y T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023808
[13] Pukhov A, Meyer-ter-vehn J 2002 Appl. Phys. B 74 355
[14] Mangles S P D, Murphy C D, Najmudin Z, Thomas A G R, Collier J L, Dangor A E, Divall E J, Foster P S, Gallacher J G, Hooker C J, Jaroszynski D A, Langley A J, Mori W B, Norreys P A, Tsung F S, Viskup R, Walton B R, Krushelnick K 2004 Nature 431 535
[15] Geddes C, Toth C, van Tilborg J, Esarey E, Schroeder C, Bruhwiler D, Nieter C, Cary J, Leemans W 2004 Nature 431 538
[16] Faure J, Glinec Y, Pukhov A, Kiselev S, Gordi-enko S, Lefebvre E, Rousseau J, Burgy F, Malka V 2004 Nature 431 541
[17] Lu W, Huang C, Zhou M, Mori W B, Katsouleas T 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 165002
[18] Lu W, Tzoufras M, Joshi C, Tsung F S, Mori W B, Vieira J, Fonseca R A, Silva L O 2007 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10 061301
[19] Faure J, Rechatin C, Norlin A, Lifschitz A, Glinec Y, Malka V 2006 Nature 444 737
[20] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 201502
[21] Hafz N A M, Jeong T M, Choi I W, Lee S K, Pae K H, Kulagin V V, Sung J H, Yu T J, Hong K H, Hosokai T, Cary J R, Ko D K, Lee J 2008 Nature Photon. 2 571
[22] Liu J S, Xia C Q, Wang W T, Lu H Y, Wang C, Deng A H, Li W T, Zhang H, Liang X Y, Leng Y X, Lu X M, Wang C, Wang J Z, Nakajima K, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 035001
[23] Leemans W P, Nagler B, Gonsalves A J, Toth C, Nakamura K, Geddes C G R, Esarey E, Schroeder C B, Hooker S M 2006 Nature Phys. 2 696
[24] Leemans W P, Gonsalves A J, Mao H S, Nakamura K, Benedetti C, Schroeder C B, Toth C, Daniels J, Mittelberger D E, Bulanov S S, Vay J L, Geddes C G R, Esarey E 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 245002
[25] Wang X, Zgadzaj R, Fazel N, Li Z, Yi S A, Zhang X, Henderson W, Chang Y Y, Korzekwa R, Tsai H E, Pai C H, Quevedo H, Dyer G, Gaul E, Martinez M, Bernstein A C, Borger T, Spinks M, Donovan M, Khudik V, Shvets G, Ditmire T, Downer M C 2013 Nature Commun. 4 1988
[26] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Zeng M, Liu Y, Hu Z D, Kawata S, Zheng C Y, Mori W B, ChenL M, Li Y T, Zhang J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 184104
[27] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Li Y T, Chen L M, Kawata S, Zhang J 2010 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13 071301
[28] Heisenberg W, Euler H 1936 Z. Phys. 98 714
[29] Dittrich W, Gies H 2000 Probing the Quantum Vacuum (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
[30] Sun G Z, Ott E, Lee Y C, Guzdar P 1987 Phys. Fluids 30 526
[31] Borisov A B, Borovskiy A V, Shiryaev O B, Korobkin V V, Prokhorov A M, Solem J C, Luk T S, Boyer K, Rhodes C K 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 5830
[32] Wang W M, Zheng C Y 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 310 (in Chinese) [王伟民, 郑春阳 2006 55 310]
[33] Wang F C, Shen B F, Zhang X M, Li X M, Jin Z Y 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 083102
[34] Yu W, Bychenkov V, Sentoku Y, Yu M Y, Sheng Z M, Mima K 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 570
[35] Kulagin V V, Cherepenin V A, Suk H 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 5239
[36] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Kawata S, Zheng C Y, Li Y T, Chen L M, Dong Q L, Lu X, Ma J L, Zhang J 2012 J. Plasma Phys. 78 461
[37] Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Pukhov A, Sheng Z M 2001 in: Atoms, Solids, and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields Edited by Batani D et al. (Norwell MA: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) pp167-192
[38] Sheng Z M, Mima K, Sentoku Y, Jovanovic M S, Taguchi T, Zhang J, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 055004
[39] Wang W M, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Li Y T 2015 Phys. Rev. E 91 013101
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[1] DesRosiers C, Moskvin V, Bielajew A F, Papiez L 2000 Phys. Med. Biol. 45 1781
[2] Glinec Y Y, Faure J, Malka V V, Fuchs T, Szymanowski H, Oelfke U 2006 Med. Phys. 33 155
[3] Glinec Y, Faure J, Le Dain L, Darbon S, Hosokai T, Santos J J, Lefebvre E, Rousseau J P, Burgy F, Mercier B, Malka V 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 025003
[4] Kneip S, McGuffey C, Martins J L, Martins S F, Bellei C, Chvykov V, Dollar F, Fonseca R, Huntington C, Kalintchenko G, Maksimchuk A, Mangles S P D, Matsuoka T, Nagel S R, Palmer C A J, Schreiber J, Phuoc K T, Thomas A G R, Yanovsky V, Silva L O, Krushelnick K, Najmudin Z 2010 Nature Phys. 6 980
[5] Cipiccia S, Islam M R, Ersfeld B, Shanks R P, Brunetti E, Vieux G, Yang X, Issac R C, Wiggins S M, Welsh G H, Anania M P, Maneuski D, Montgomery R, Smith G, Hoek M, Hamilton D J, Lemos N R C, Symes D, Rajeev P P, Shea V O, Dias J M, Jaroszynski D A 2011 Nature Phys. 7 867
[6] Phuoc K T, Corde S, Thaury C, Malka V, Tafzi A, Goddet J P, Shah R C, Sebban S, Rousse A 2012 Nature Photon. 6 308
[7] Chen L M, Yan W C, Li D Z, Hu Z D, Zhang L, Wang W M, Hafz N A M, Mao J Y, Huang K, Ma Y, Zhao J R, Ma J L, Li Y T, Lu X, Sheng Z M, Wei Z Y, Gao J, Zhang J 2013 Sci. Report 3 1912
[8] Tan F, Zhu B, Han D, Xin J T, Zhao Z Q, Cao L F, Gu Y Q, Zhang B H 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 034104
[9] Leemans W P, Geddes C G R, Faure J, Toth C, van Tilborg J, Schroeder C B, Esarey E, Fubiani G, Auerbach D, Marcelis B, Carnahan M A, Kaindl R A, Byrd J, Martin M C 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 074802
[10] Shen Y, Watanabe T, Arena D A, Kao C C, Murphy J B, Tsang T Y, Wang X J, Carr G L 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 043901
[11] Wang W M, Kawata S, Sheng Z M, Li Y T, Chen L M, Qian L J, Zhang J 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 2608
[12] Wang W M, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Li Y T 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 023808
[13] Pukhov A, Meyer-ter-vehn J 2002 Appl. Phys. B 74 355
[14] Mangles S P D, Murphy C D, Najmudin Z, Thomas A G R, Collier J L, Dangor A E, Divall E J, Foster P S, Gallacher J G, Hooker C J, Jaroszynski D A, Langley A J, Mori W B, Norreys P A, Tsung F S, Viskup R, Walton B R, Krushelnick K 2004 Nature 431 535
[15] Geddes C, Toth C, van Tilborg J, Esarey E, Schroeder C, Bruhwiler D, Nieter C, Cary J, Leemans W 2004 Nature 431 538
[16] Faure J, Glinec Y, Pukhov A, Kiselev S, Gordi-enko S, Lefebvre E, Rousseau J, Burgy F, Malka V 2004 Nature 431 541
[17] Lu W, Huang C, Zhou M, Mori W B, Katsouleas T 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 165002
[18] Lu W, Tzoufras M, Joshi C, Tsung F S, Mori W B, Vieira J, Fonseca R A, Silva L O 2007 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 10 061301
[19] Faure J, Rechatin C, Norlin A, Lifschitz A, Glinec Y, Malka V 2006 Nature 444 737
[20] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 201502
[21] Hafz N A M, Jeong T M, Choi I W, Lee S K, Pae K H, Kulagin V V, Sung J H, Yu T J, Hong K H, Hosokai T, Cary J R, Ko D K, Lee J 2008 Nature Photon. 2 571
[22] Liu J S, Xia C Q, Wang W T, Lu H Y, Wang C, Deng A H, Li W T, Zhang H, Liang X Y, Leng Y X, Lu X M, Wang C, Wang J Z, Nakajima K, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 035001
[23] Leemans W P, Nagler B, Gonsalves A J, Toth C, Nakamura K, Geddes C G R, Esarey E, Schroeder C B, Hooker S M 2006 Nature Phys. 2 696
[24] Leemans W P, Gonsalves A J, Mao H S, Nakamura K, Benedetti C, Schroeder C B, Toth C, Daniels J, Mittelberger D E, Bulanov S S, Vay J L, Geddes C G R, Esarey E 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 245002
[25] Wang X, Zgadzaj R, Fazel N, Li Z, Yi S A, Zhang X, Henderson W, Chang Y Y, Korzekwa R, Tsai H E, Pai C H, Quevedo H, Dyer G, Gaul E, Martinez M, Bernstein A C, Borger T, Spinks M, Donovan M, Khudik V, Shvets G, Ditmire T, Downer M C 2013 Nature Commun. 4 1988
[26] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Zeng M, Liu Y, Hu Z D, Kawata S, Zheng C Y, Mori W B, ChenL M, Li Y T, Zhang J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 184104
[27] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Li Y T, Chen L M, Kawata S, Zhang J 2010 Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 13 071301
[28] Heisenberg W, Euler H 1936 Z. Phys. 98 714
[29] Dittrich W, Gies H 2000 Probing the Quantum Vacuum (Berlin: Springer-Verlag)
[30] Sun G Z, Ott E, Lee Y C, Guzdar P 1987 Phys. Fluids 30 526
[31] Borisov A B, Borovskiy A V, Shiryaev O B, Korobkin V V, Prokhorov A M, Solem J C, Luk T S, Boyer K, Rhodes C K 1992 Phys. Rev. A 45 5830
[32] Wang W M, Zheng C Y 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 310 (in Chinese) [王伟民, 郑春阳 2006 55 310]
[33] Wang F C, Shen B F, Zhang X M, Li X M, Jin Z Y 2007 Phys. Plasmas 14 083102
[34] Yu W, Bychenkov V, Sentoku Y, Yu M Y, Sheng Z M, Mima K 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 570
[35] Kulagin V V, Cherepenin V A, Suk H 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 5239
[36] Wang W M, Sheng Z M, Kawata S, Zheng C Y, Li Y T, Chen L M, Dong Q L, Lu X, Ma J L, Zhang J 2012 J. Plasma Phys. 78 461
[37] Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Pukhov A, Sheng Z M 2001 in: Atoms, Solids, and Plasmas in Super-Intense Laser Fields Edited by Batani D et al. (Norwell MA: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers) pp167-192
[38] Sheng Z M, Mima K, Sentoku Y, Jovanovic M S, Taguchi T, Zhang J, Meyer-ter-Vehn J 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 055004
[39] Wang W M, Gibbon P, Sheng Z M, Li Y T 2015 Phys. Rev. E 91 013101
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