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The hysteresis loops and energy products in the magnetization reversal process are investigated by one-and three-dimensional micromagnetic methods for a Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe bilayer system with an angle β between the applied field and the easy axis, and the results are compared with available experimental results. The calculation shows that the deviation of the easy axis affects the magnetization reversal process seriously. When β≠0°, there is no obvious nucleation in the magnetization reversal process. The remanence decreases as β decreases, and the squareness of the hysteresis loops is weakened, leading to the sharp decrease of energy product. For Nd2Fe14B(10 nm)/α-Fe(8 nm), the energy product decreases by 30.3% when β=10°. In the magnetization reversal process, as the total energy reaches the maxium, Zeeman energy decreases with increasing of β, and the exchange energy first increases and then decreases slightly, and the anisotropic energy increases with the increasing of β. The deviation of easy axis has a greater influence on the energy product of the bilayer system with larger soft thickness. The out-of-plane deviation of easy axis has a similar effect.
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Keywords:
- micromagnetic simulation /
- easy axes /
- energy products /
- energy
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[2] Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[3] Schrefl T, Kronmller H, Fidler J 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 127 L273
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[6] Belemuk A M, Chui S T 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 093909
[7] Zhao G P, Wang X L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 012409
[8] Zhao G P, Zhou G, Zhang H W, Feng Y P, Xian C W, Zhang Q X 2008 Comput. Mater. Sci. 44 117
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[10] Shindo M, Ishizone M, Sakuma A, Kato H, Miyazaki T 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 4444
[11] Chumakov D, Schäfer R, Elefant D, Eckert D, Schultz L, Yan S S, Barnard J A 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 134409
[12] Guo Z J, Jiang J S, Pearson J E, Bader S D, Liu J P 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2029
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[14] Pogossian S P, Spenato D, Dekadjevi D T, Youssef J B 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174414
[15] Ma B, Wang H, Zhao H B, Sun C G, Acharya R, Wang J P 2010 IEEE Magn. Lett. 46 2345
[16] Hou H C, Liao J W, Lin M S, Lin H J, Chang F H, Chen R Z, Chiu C H, Lai C H 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07C104
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[18] Neu V, Häfner K, Patra A K, Schultz L 2006 J. Phys. D 39 5116
[19] Patra A K, Neu V, Fahler S, Groetzschel R, Schultz L 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 142512
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[21] Ping D H, Hono K, Hirosawa S 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 7769
[22] Wang Y, Wang R, Xie H L, Bai J M, Wei F L 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 68506
[23] Li Z B, Shen B G, Niu E, Sun J R 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062405
[24] Yan S S, Elkawni M, Li D S, Garmestani H, Liu J P, Weston J L, Zangari G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 4535
[25] Deng Y, Zhao G P, Bo N 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 037502 (in Chinese) [邓娅, 赵国平, 薄鸟 2011 60 037502]
[26] Liu J P, Liu Y, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 3241
[27] Liu W, Zhang Z D, Liu J P, Chen L J, He L L, Liu Y, Sun X K, Sellmyer D J 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 1832
[28] Cui W B, Takahashi Y K, Hono K 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 6530
[29] Zhang J, Takahashi Y K, Gopalan R, Hono K 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 122509
[30] Liu Y, George T A, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 172504
[31] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226–230 1464
[32] Zhao G P, Deng Y, Zhang H W, Cheng Z H, Ding J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07D340
[33] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M, Neri F M 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 174401
[34] Leineweber T, Kronmller H 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 176 145
[35] Pellicelli R, Solzi M, Neu V, Hägner K, Pernechele C, Ghidini M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 184430
[36] Wilson M J, Zhu M, Myers R C, Awschalom D D, Schiffer P, Samarth N 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 045319
[37] Zhao G P, Chen L, Huang C W, Guo N L, Feng Y P 2010 Solid State Commun. 150 1486
[38] Brown W F 1945 Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 15
[39] Donahue M J, Porter D G 1999 OOMMF User’s Guide version 1.0 (Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology) NISTIR 6376
[40] Song S Y, Guo G H, Zhang G F, Song W B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5757 (in Chinese) [宋三元, 郭光华, 张光富, 宋文斌 2009 58 5757]
[41] Chen R J, Rong C B, Zhang H W, He S L, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4341 (in Chinese) [陈仁杰, 荣传兵, 张宏伟, 贺淑莉, 张绍英, 沈保根 2004 53 4341]
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[1] Kneller E F, Hawig R 1991 IEEE Trans. Magn. 27 3588
[2] Skomski R, Coey J M D 1993 Phys. Rev. B 48 15812
[3] Schrefl T, Kronmller H, Fidler J 1993 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 127 L273
[4] Asti G, Ghidini M, Pellicelli R, Pernechele C, Solzi M, Albertini F, Casoli F, Fabbrici S, Pareti L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 094406
[5] Zhao G P, Deng Y, Zhang H W, Chen L, Feng Y P, Bo N 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 093928
[6] Belemuk A M, Chui S T 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 093909
[7] Zhao G P, Wang X L 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 012409
[8] Zhao G P, Zhou G, Zhang H W, Feng Y P, Xian C W, Zhang Q X 2008 Comput. Mater. Sci. 44 117
[9] Schrefl T, Fidler J, Kronmller H 1994 Phys. Rev. B 49 6100
[10] Shindo M, Ishizone M, Sakuma A, Kato H, Miyazaki T 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 4444
[11] Chumakov D, Schäfer R, Elefant D, Eckert D, Schultz L, Yan S S, Barnard J A 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 134409
[12] Guo Z J, Jiang J S, Pearson J E, Bader S D, Liu J P 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 2029
[13] Jiang J S, Pearson J E, Liu Z Y, Kabius B, Trasobares S, Miller D J, Bader S D, Lee D R, Haskel D, Srajer G, Liu J P 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 5293
[14] Pogossian S P, Spenato D, Dekadjevi D T, Youssef J B 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174414
[15] Ma B, Wang H, Zhao H B, Sun C G, Acharya R, Wang J P 2010 IEEE Magn. Lett. 46 2345
[16] Hou H C, Liao J W, Lin M S, Lin H J, Chang F H, Chen R Z, Chiu C H, Lai C H 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07C104
[17] Liu S, Higgins A, Shin E, Bauser S, Chen C, Lee D, Shen Y, He Y, Huang M Q 2006 IEEE Trans. Magn. 42 2912
[18] Neu V, Häfner K, Patra A K, Schultz L 2006 J. Phys. D 39 5116
[19] Patra A K, Neu V, Fahler S, Groetzschel R, Schultz L 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 142512
[20] Serrona L K E B, Sugimura A, Adachi N, Okuda T, Ohsato H, Sakamoto I, Nakanishi A, Motokawa M, Ping D H, Hono K 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 1751
[21] Ping D H, Hono K, Hirosawa S 1998 J. Appl. Phys. 83 7769
[22] Wang Y, Wang R, Xie H L, Bai J M, Wei F L 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 68506
[23] Li Z B, Shen B G, Niu E, Sun J R 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 062405
[24] Yan S S, Elkawni M, Li D S, Garmestani H, Liu J P, Weston J L, Zangari G 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 4535
[25] Deng Y, Zhao G P, Bo N 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 037502 (in Chinese) [邓娅, 赵国平, 薄鸟 2011 60 037502]
[26] Liu J P, Liu Y, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 1999 IEEE Trans. Magn. 35 3241
[27] Liu W, Zhang Z D, Liu J P, Chen L J, He L L, Liu Y, Sun X K, Sellmyer D J 2002 Adv. Mater. 14 1832
[28] Cui W B, Takahashi Y K, Hono K 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 6530
[29] Zhang J, Takahashi Y K, Gopalan R, Hono K 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 122509
[30] Liu Y, George T A, Skomski R, Sellmyer D J 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 172504
[31] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M 2001 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 226–230 1464
[32] Zhao G P, Deng Y, Zhang H W, Cheng Z H, Ding J 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 07D340
[33] Asti G, Solzi M, Ghidini M, Neri F M 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 174401
[34] Leineweber T, Kronmller H 1997 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 176 145
[35] Pellicelli R, Solzi M, Neu V, Hägner K, Pernechele C, Ghidini M 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 184430
[36] Wilson M J, Zhu M, Myers R C, Awschalom D D, Schiffer P, Samarth N 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 045319
[37] Zhao G P, Chen L, Huang C W, Guo N L, Feng Y P 2010 Solid State Commun. 150 1486
[38] Brown W F 1945 Rev. Mod. Phys. 17 15
[39] Donahue M J, Porter D G 1999 OOMMF User’s Guide version 1.0 (Gaithersburg: National Institute of Standards and Technology) NISTIR 6376
[40] Song S Y, Guo G H, Zhang G F, Song W B 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5757 (in Chinese) [宋三元, 郭光华, 张光富, 宋文斌 2009 58 5757]
[41] Chen R J, Rong C B, Zhang H W, He S L, Zhang S Y, Shen B G 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 4341 (in Chinese) [陈仁杰, 荣传兵, 张宏伟, 贺淑莉, 张绍英, 沈保根 2004 53 4341]
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