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Nuclear stopping in Au+Au collisions at alternating gradient synchrotron energies is studied in the framework of the modified ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics transport model, in which mean field potentials of both formed and “preformed” hadrons (from string fragmentation), medium-modified nucleon-nucleon elastic cross sections, and cluster recognition criteria are considered. It is found that nuclear stopping is influenced by both the mean field potentials of formed and “preformed” hadrons and the medium modification of nucleon-nucleon elastic cross section. The free proton number is higher than that from the experimental rapidity distribution in the central region of rapidity distribution, which can be understood by considering the new criteria of judging fragments.
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Keywords:
- ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamic model /
- alternating gradient synchrotron energies /
- Au+Au collision /
- nuclear stopping
[1] Alt C, Anticic T, Baatar B, Barna D, Bartke J, Betev L, Bialkowska H, Blume C, Boimska B, Botje M, Bracinik J, Bramm R, Bunčić P, Cerny V, Christakoglou P, Chung P, Chvala O, Cramer J G, Csató P, Dinkelaker P, Eckardt V, Flierl D, Fodor Z, Foka P, Friese V, Gál J, Gázdzicki M, Genchev V, Gldysz E, Grebieszkow K, Hegyi S, Höhne C, Kadija K, Karev A, Kikola D, Kliemant M, Kniege S, Kolesnikov V I, Kornas E, Kowalski M, Kraus I, Kreps M, Laszlo A, Lacey R, van Leeuwen M, Lévai P, Litov L, Lungwitz B, Makariev M, Malakhov A I, Mateev M, Melkumov G L, Meurer C, Mischke A, Mitrovski M, Molnár J, Mrówczyński S T, Nicolic V, Pálla G, Panagiotou A D, Panayotov D, Petridis A, Peryt W, Pikna M, Pluta J, Prindle D, Phlhofer F, Renfordt R, Richard A, Roland C, Roland G, Rybczyński M, Rybicki A, Sandoval A, Schmitz N, Schuster T, Seyboth P, Siklér F, Sitar B, Skrzypczak E, Slodkowski M, Stefanek G, Stock R, Strabel C, Ströbele H, Susa T, Szentpétery I, Sziklai J, Szuba M, Szymanski P, Trubnikov V, Utvić M, Varga D, Vassiliou M, Veres G I, Vesztergombi G, Vranić D, Wetzler A, Wlodarczyk Z, Wojtaszek A, Yoo I K, Zimányi J 2008 Phys. Rev. C 78 034918
[2] Sun J X, Liu F H, Wang E Q 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 032503
[3] Wang E Q, Liu F H, Rahim M A, Fakhraddin S, Sun J X 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 082501
[4] Liu F H 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 883
[5] Anchishkin D, Muskeyev A, Yezhov S 2010 Phys. Rev. C 81 031902(R) ewpage
[6] Abdel-Waged K, Felemban N, Uzhinskii V V 2011 Phys. Rev. C 84 014905
[7] Reisdorf W, Andronic A, Gobbi A, Hartmann O N, Herrmann N, Hildenbrand K D, Kim Y J, Kirejczyk M, Koczoń P, Kress T, Leifels Y, Schttauf A, Tymiński Z, Xiao Z G, Alard J P, Barret V, Basrak Z, Bastid N, Benabderrahmane M L, Čaplar R, Crochet P, Dupieux P, Dželalija M, Fodor Z, Grishkin Y, Hong B, Kecskemeti J, Korolija M, Kotte R, Lebedev A, Lopez X, Merschmeyer M, Mösner J, Neubert W, Pelte D, Petrovici M, Rami F, deSchauenburg B, Seres Z, Sikora B, Sim K S, Simion V, Siwek-Wilczynska K, Smolyankin V, Stockmeier M, Stoicea G, Wagner P, Wiśniewski K, Wohlfarth D, Yushmanov I, Zhilin A 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 232301
[8] Bleicher M, Zabrodin E, Spieles C, Bass S A, Ernst C, Soff S, Bravina L, Belkacem M, Weber H, Stocker H, Greiner W 1999 J. Phys. G 25 1859
[9] Yuan Y 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Taiyuan: Shanxi University) (in Chinese) [袁颖 2010 博士学位论文(太原: 山西大学)]
[10] Yuan Y, Li Q F, Li Z X, Liu F H 2010 Phys. Rev. C 81 034913
[11] Zhang Y X, Li Z X, Danielewicz P 2007 Phys. Rev. C 75 034615
[12] Danielewicz P, Barker B, Shi L 2009 AIP Conf. Proc. 1128 104
[13] Li Q F, Bleicher M 2009 J. Phys. G 36 015111
[14] Li Q F, Bleicher M, Stocker H 2008 Phys. Lett. B 659 525
[15] Klakow D, Welke G, Bauer W 1993 Phys. Rev. C 48 1982
[16] Zhang Y X, Li Z X, Zhou C S, Tsang M B 2012 Phys. Rev. C 85 051602(R)
[17] Klay J L, Ajitanand N N, Alexander J M, Anderson M G, Best D, Brady F P, Case T, Caskey W, Cebra D, Chance J L, Chung P, Cole B, Crowe K, Das A C, Draper J E, Gilkes M L, Gushue S, Heffner M, Hirsch A S, Hjort E L, Huo L, Justice M, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kintner J C, Krofcheck D, Lacey R A, Lauret J, Law C, Lisa M A, Liu H, Liu Y M, McGrath R, Milosevich Z, Odyniec G, Olson D L, Panitkin S Y, Pinkenburg C, Porile N T, Rai G, Ritter H G, Romero J L, Scharenberg R, Schroeder L, Srivastava B, Stone N T B, Symons T J M, Wang S, Wells R, Whitfield J, Wienold T, Witt R, Wood L, Zhang W N 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 102301
[18] Akiba Y, Ahle L, Akiba Y, Ashktorab K, Baker M D, Beavis D, Britt H C, Chang J, Chasman C, Chen Z, Chi C Y, Chu Y Y, Cianciolo V, Cole B A, Crawford H J, Cumming J B, Debbe R, Dunlop J C, Eldredge W, Engelage J, Fung S Y, Garcia E, Gonin M, Gushue S, Hamagaki H, Hayano R S, Hayashi S, Heintzelman G, Homma S, Judd E, Kaneko H, Kang J, Kim E J, Kumagai A, Kurita K, Lee J H, Levine M J, Luke J, Miake Y, Mignerey A, Moskowitz B, Moulson M, Muentz C, Nagamiya S, Namboodiri M N, Ogilvie C, Olness J, Remsberg L P, Sako H, Sangster T C, Seto R, Shea J, Shigaki K, Soltz R, Steadman S G, Stephans G S F, Tannenbaum M J, Thomas J H, Videbæk F, Wang F, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xiang H, Xu G H, Yagi K, Yang X, Yao H, Zajc W A, Zhu Q, Zhu F 1996 Nucl. Phys. A 610 139
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[1] Alt C, Anticic T, Baatar B, Barna D, Bartke J, Betev L, Bialkowska H, Blume C, Boimska B, Botje M, Bracinik J, Bramm R, Bunčić P, Cerny V, Christakoglou P, Chung P, Chvala O, Cramer J G, Csató P, Dinkelaker P, Eckardt V, Flierl D, Fodor Z, Foka P, Friese V, Gál J, Gázdzicki M, Genchev V, Gldysz E, Grebieszkow K, Hegyi S, Höhne C, Kadija K, Karev A, Kikola D, Kliemant M, Kniege S, Kolesnikov V I, Kornas E, Kowalski M, Kraus I, Kreps M, Laszlo A, Lacey R, van Leeuwen M, Lévai P, Litov L, Lungwitz B, Makariev M, Malakhov A I, Mateev M, Melkumov G L, Meurer C, Mischke A, Mitrovski M, Molnár J, Mrówczyński S T, Nicolic V, Pálla G, Panagiotou A D, Panayotov D, Petridis A, Peryt W, Pikna M, Pluta J, Prindle D, Phlhofer F, Renfordt R, Richard A, Roland C, Roland G, Rybczyński M, Rybicki A, Sandoval A, Schmitz N, Schuster T, Seyboth P, Siklér F, Sitar B, Skrzypczak E, Slodkowski M, Stefanek G, Stock R, Strabel C, Ströbele H, Susa T, Szentpétery I, Sziklai J, Szuba M, Szymanski P, Trubnikov V, Utvić M, Varga D, Vassiliou M, Veres G I, Vesztergombi G, Vranić D, Wetzler A, Wlodarczyk Z, Wojtaszek A, Yoo I K, Zimányi J 2008 Phys. Rev. C 78 034918
[2] Sun J X, Liu F H, Wang E Q 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 032503
[3] Wang E Q, Liu F H, Rahim M A, Fakhraddin S, Sun J X 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 082501
[4] Liu F H 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 883
[5] Anchishkin D, Muskeyev A, Yezhov S 2010 Phys. Rev. C 81 031902(R) ewpage
[6] Abdel-Waged K, Felemban N, Uzhinskii V V 2011 Phys. Rev. C 84 014905
[7] Reisdorf W, Andronic A, Gobbi A, Hartmann O N, Herrmann N, Hildenbrand K D, Kim Y J, Kirejczyk M, Koczoń P, Kress T, Leifels Y, Schttauf A, Tymiński Z, Xiao Z G, Alard J P, Barret V, Basrak Z, Bastid N, Benabderrahmane M L, Čaplar R, Crochet P, Dupieux P, Dželalija M, Fodor Z, Grishkin Y, Hong B, Kecskemeti J, Korolija M, Kotte R, Lebedev A, Lopez X, Merschmeyer M, Mösner J, Neubert W, Pelte D, Petrovici M, Rami F, deSchauenburg B, Seres Z, Sikora B, Sim K S, Simion V, Siwek-Wilczynska K, Smolyankin V, Stockmeier M, Stoicea G, Wagner P, Wiśniewski K, Wohlfarth D, Yushmanov I, Zhilin A 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 232301
[8] Bleicher M, Zabrodin E, Spieles C, Bass S A, Ernst C, Soff S, Bravina L, Belkacem M, Weber H, Stocker H, Greiner W 1999 J. Phys. G 25 1859
[9] Yuan Y 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Taiyuan: Shanxi University) (in Chinese) [袁颖 2010 博士学位论文(太原: 山西大学)]
[10] Yuan Y, Li Q F, Li Z X, Liu F H 2010 Phys. Rev. C 81 034913
[11] Zhang Y X, Li Z X, Danielewicz P 2007 Phys. Rev. C 75 034615
[12] Danielewicz P, Barker B, Shi L 2009 AIP Conf. Proc. 1128 104
[13] Li Q F, Bleicher M 2009 J. Phys. G 36 015111
[14] Li Q F, Bleicher M, Stocker H 2008 Phys. Lett. B 659 525
[15] Klakow D, Welke G, Bauer W 1993 Phys. Rev. C 48 1982
[16] Zhang Y X, Li Z X, Zhou C S, Tsang M B 2012 Phys. Rev. C 85 051602(R)
[17] Klay J L, Ajitanand N N, Alexander J M, Anderson M G, Best D, Brady F P, Case T, Caskey W, Cebra D, Chance J L, Chung P, Cole B, Crowe K, Das A C, Draper J E, Gilkes M L, Gushue S, Heffner M, Hirsch A S, Hjort E L, Huo L, Justice M, Kaplan M, Keane D, Kintner J C, Krofcheck D, Lacey R A, Lauret J, Law C, Lisa M A, Liu H, Liu Y M, McGrath R, Milosevich Z, Odyniec G, Olson D L, Panitkin S Y, Pinkenburg C, Porile N T, Rai G, Ritter H G, Romero J L, Scharenberg R, Schroeder L, Srivastava B, Stone N T B, Symons T J M, Wang S, Wells R, Whitfield J, Wienold T, Witt R, Wood L, Zhang W N 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 102301
[18] Akiba Y, Ahle L, Akiba Y, Ashktorab K, Baker M D, Beavis D, Britt H C, Chang J, Chasman C, Chen Z, Chi C Y, Chu Y Y, Cianciolo V, Cole B A, Crawford H J, Cumming J B, Debbe R, Dunlop J C, Eldredge W, Engelage J, Fung S Y, Garcia E, Gonin M, Gushue S, Hamagaki H, Hayano R S, Hayashi S, Heintzelman G, Homma S, Judd E, Kaneko H, Kang J, Kim E J, Kumagai A, Kurita K, Lee J H, Levine M J, Luke J, Miake Y, Mignerey A, Moskowitz B, Moulson M, Muentz C, Nagamiya S, Namboodiri M N, Ogilvie C, Olness J, Remsberg L P, Sako H, Sangster T C, Seto R, Shea J, Shigaki K, Soltz R, Steadman S G, Stephans G S F, Tannenbaum M J, Thomas J H, Videbæk F, Wang F, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xiang H, Xu G H, Yagi K, Yang X, Yao H, Zajc W A, Zhu Q, Zhu F 1996 Nucl. Phys. A 610 139
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