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The resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance (RDNMR), a high-sensitivity NMR technique developed by Klaus von Klitzing's group in 1988, is used to investigate exotic electron and nuclear spin properties in GaAs two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs). Because the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) approach required for the RDNMR demonstration is strongly dependent on unique material properties of GaAs, this highly-sensitive technique has not yet been applied to 2DEGs confined in other host semiconductors. More recently, we have developed a novel DNP method for demonstration of RDNMR in a 2DEG within the typical narrow-gap semiconductor InSb. In this article, we focus on the discussion of our newly-developed DNP method, experimental details and results as well as future prospects after some preliminary remarks on the principles of RDNMR and DNP.
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Keywords:
- two-dimensional electron gas /
- resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance /
- dynamic nuclear polarization /
- narrow-gap semiconductor
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[2] Kronm黮ler S, Dietsche W, von Klitzing K, Denninger G, Wegscheider W, Bichler M 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4070
[3] Hashimoto K, Muraki K, Saku T, Hirayama Y 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 176601
[4] Smet J H, Deutschmann R A, Ertl F, Wegscheider W Absteiter G, von Klitzing K 2002 Nature 415 281
[5] Stern O, Freytag N, Fay A, Dietsche W, Smet J H, von Klitzing K, Schuh D, Wegscheider W 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 075318
[6] Yusa G, Muraki K, Takashina K, Hashimoto K, Hirayama Y 2005 Nature 434 1001
[7] Kumada N, Muraki K, Hirayama Y 2006 Science 313 329
[8] Tracy L A, Eisenstein J P, Pfeiffer L N, West K W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 086801
[9] Takahashi H, Kawamura M, Masubuchi S, Hamaya K, Machida T, Hashimoto Y, Katsumoto S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 092120
[10] Kumada N, Muraki K, Hirayama Y 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 076805
[11] Liu H W, Yang K F, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Hirayama Y 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 241304 (R)
[12] Yang K F, Liu H W, Nagase K, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Hirayama Y 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 142109
[13] Yang K F, Liu H W, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Nagase K, Hirayama Y 2011 New J. Phys. 13 083010
[14] Desrat W, Maude D K, Potemski M, Portal J C, Wasilewski Z R, Hill G 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 256807
[15] Flinn G P, Harley R T, Snelling M J, Tropper A C, Kerr T M 1994 Semicond. Sci. Tech. 5 533
[16] Salis G, Fuchs D T, Kikkawa J M, Awschalom D D, Ohno Y, Ohno H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2677
[17] Kondo Y, Ono M, Matsuzaka S, Morita K, Sanada H, Ohno Y, Ohno H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 207601
[18] Halperin B I, Lee P A, Read N 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 7312
[19] Verdene B, Martin J, Gamez G, Smet J, von Klitzing K, Mahalu D, Schuh D, Abstreiter G, Yacoby A 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 392
[20] Yoshioka D 2002 The Quantum Hall Effect (Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag) p29
[21] Kawmura M, Takahashi H, Sugihara K, Masubuchi S, Hamaya K, Machida T 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 022102
[22] Clark W G, Feher G 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 134
[23] Dzhioev R I, Korenev V L 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 037401
[24] Cote R, MacDonald A H, Brey L, Fertig H A, Girvin S M, Stoof H T C 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 4825
[25] Gauss N, Jansen A G M, Wyder P 2004 J. Supercond. 17 653
[26] De Poortere E P, Tutuc E, Pillarisetty R, Melinte S, Shayegan M 2003 Physica E 20 123
[27] De Poortere E P, Tutuc E, Papadakis S J, Shayegan M 2000 Science 290 1546
[28] Vakili K, Shkolnikov Y P, Tutuc E, Bishop N C, de Poortere E P, Shayegan M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 176402
[29] Yakunin M V, Podgornykh S M, Mikhailov N N, Dvoretsky S A 2010 Physica E 42 948
[30] Jaroszynski J, Andrearczyk T, Karczewski G, Wrobel J, Wojtowicz T, Papis E, Kaminska E, Piotrowska A, Popvic D, Dietl T 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett 89 266802
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[1] Dobers M, von Klitzing K, Schneider J, Weimann G, Ploog K 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 1650
[2] Kronm黮ler S, Dietsche W, von Klitzing K, Denninger G, Wegscheider W, Bichler M 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4070
[3] Hashimoto K, Muraki K, Saku T, Hirayama Y 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 176601
[4] Smet J H, Deutschmann R A, Ertl F, Wegscheider W Absteiter G, von Klitzing K 2002 Nature 415 281
[5] Stern O, Freytag N, Fay A, Dietsche W, Smet J H, von Klitzing K, Schuh D, Wegscheider W 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 075318
[6] Yusa G, Muraki K, Takashina K, Hashimoto K, Hirayama Y 2005 Nature 434 1001
[7] Kumada N, Muraki K, Hirayama Y 2006 Science 313 329
[8] Tracy L A, Eisenstein J P, Pfeiffer L N, West K W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 086801
[9] Takahashi H, Kawamura M, Masubuchi S, Hamaya K, Machida T, Hashimoto Y, Katsumoto S 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 092120
[10] Kumada N, Muraki K, Hirayama Y 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 076805
[11] Liu H W, Yang K F, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Hirayama Y 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 241304 (R)
[12] Yang K F, Liu H W, Nagase K, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Hirayama Y 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 142109
[13] Yang K F, Liu H W, Mishima T D, Santos M B, Nagase K, Hirayama Y 2011 New J. Phys. 13 083010
[14] Desrat W, Maude D K, Potemski M, Portal J C, Wasilewski Z R, Hill G 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 256807
[15] Flinn G P, Harley R T, Snelling M J, Tropper A C, Kerr T M 1994 Semicond. Sci. Tech. 5 533
[16] Salis G, Fuchs D T, Kikkawa J M, Awschalom D D, Ohno Y, Ohno H 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 2677
[17] Kondo Y, Ono M, Matsuzaka S, Morita K, Sanada H, Ohno Y, Ohno H 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 207601
[18] Halperin B I, Lee P A, Read N 1993 Phys. Rev. B 47 7312
[19] Verdene B, Martin J, Gamez G, Smet J, von Klitzing K, Mahalu D, Schuh D, Abstreiter G, Yacoby A 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 392
[20] Yoshioka D 2002 The Quantum Hall Effect (Berlin Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag) p29
[21] Kawmura M, Takahashi H, Sugihara K, Masubuchi S, Hamaya K, Machida T 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 022102
[22] Clark W G, Feher G 1963 Phys. Rev. Lett. 10 134
[23] Dzhioev R I, Korenev V L 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 037401
[24] Cote R, MacDonald A H, Brey L, Fertig H A, Girvin S M, Stoof H T C 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 4825
[25] Gauss N, Jansen A G M, Wyder P 2004 J. Supercond. 17 653
[26] De Poortere E P, Tutuc E, Pillarisetty R, Melinte S, Shayegan M 2003 Physica E 20 123
[27] De Poortere E P, Tutuc E, Papadakis S J, Shayegan M 2000 Science 290 1546
[28] Vakili K, Shkolnikov Y P, Tutuc E, Bishop N C, de Poortere E P, Shayegan M 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 176402
[29] Yakunin M V, Podgornykh S M, Mikhailov N N, Dvoretsky S A 2010 Physica E 42 948
[30] Jaroszynski J, Andrearczyk T, Karczewski G, Wrobel J, Wojtowicz T, Papis E, Kaminska E, Piotrowska A, Popvic D, Dietl T 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett 89 266802
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