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In this paper, a simulation discussing the cause inducing the anisotropy of hydrogen cluster expansion is implemented by using LAMMPS tool for the molecule dynamics simulations. Through analyzing the behavior of electrons contained in the cluster and the variations of distance between outermost protons of all directions and cluster center with time, we clearly find that the expansion of hydrogen cluster is anisotropic, which is due mainly to the anisotropies of the quiver and escaping of electrons. Then we study the evolutions of proton energy component and anisotropic degree, and find that the anisotropic degree first increases with laser electric field increasing, then decreases gradually to a stable value greater than one. Additionally, we analyze the relationship between observation angle and average proton energy from hydrogen cluster irradiated by ultreshort laser pulse, and find that our simulation results accord with the experimental results qualitatively.
[1] Ditmire T, Smith R A, Tisch J W G, Hutchinson M H R 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3121
[2] Ditmire T, Donnelly T, Rubenchik A M, Falcone R W, Perry M D 1996 Phys. Rev. A 53 3379
[3] Chen L M, Zhang J, Liang T J, Li Y T, Wang L, Jang W M 2000 Acta Phys. Sin. 49 529 (in Chinese) [陈黎明, 张杰, 梁天骄, 李玉同, 王龙, 江文勉 2000 49 529]
[4] Xin G G, Ye D F, Zhao Q, Liu J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 094204 (in Chinese) [辛国国, 叶地发, 赵清, 刘杰 2011 60 094204]
[5] Taguchi T M, Antonsen Jr T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 205003
[6] Li H Y, Liu J S, Wang C, Ni G Q, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 023201
[7] Ditmire T, Tisch J W G, Sprimpring E, Mason M B, Hay N, Smith R A, Marangos J, Hutchinson M H R 1997 Nature 386 54
[8] Last I, Jorthner J 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 2215
[9] McPherson A, Luk T S, Thompson B D, Borisov A B, Shiryaev B, Chen X, Boyer K, Rhodes C K 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 1810
[10] McPerson A, Thompson B D, Bofisov A B, Boyer K, Rhodes K 2001 Nature 370 631
[11] Krause J L, Schafer K J, Kulander K C 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3535
[12] Velotta R, Hay N, Mason M B, Castillejo M, Marangos J P 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 183901
[13] Ditmire T, Gtisch J W, Yanovsky V P, Cowan T E, Hays G, Wharton K B 1999 Nature 398 489
[14] Last I, Jorthner J 2002 J. Phys. Chem. A 6 10877
[15] Mendham K J, Hay N, Mason M B, Tisch J W G, Marangos J P 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 055201
[16] Dammasch M, Dörr M, Eichmann U, Lenz E, Sandner W 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 061402
[17] Li H Y, Liu J S 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7850 (in Chinese) [李红玉, 刘建胜 2010 59 7850]
[18] Lebeault M A, Viallon J, Chevaleyre J, Ellert C, Normand D, Schmidt M, Sublemontier O, Guet C, Huber B 2002 Eur. Phys. J. D 20 233
[19] Vozzi C, Nisoli M, Caumes J P, Sansone G, Stagira S, De-Silvestri S, Vecchiocattivi M, Bassi D, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 111121
[20] Issac R C, Vieux G, Ersfeld B, Brunetti E, Jamison S P, Gallacher J, Clark D, Jaroszynski D A 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 3491
[21] Rozet J P, Cornille M, Dobosz S, Dubau J, Gauthier J C, Jacquemot S, Lamour E, Lezius M, Normand D, Schmidt M, Vernhet D 2001 Phys. Scr. T92 113
[22] Kumarappan V, Krishnamurthy M 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 085005
[23] Kumarappan V, Krishnamurthy M, Mathur D 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 033203
[24] Krishnamurthy M, Mathur D, Kumarappan V 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 033202
[25] Hirokane M, Shimizu S, Hashida M, Okada S, Okihara S, Sato F, Iida T, Sakabe S 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 063201
[26] Fennel T, Bertsch G F, Meiwes-Broer K H 2004 Eur. Phys. J. D 29 367
[27] Jungreuthmayer C, Geissler M, Zanghellini J, Brabec T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 133401
[28] Symes D R, Hohenberger M, Henig A, Ditmire T 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 123401
[29] Breizman B N, Arefiev A V, Fomyts'kyi M V 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056706
[30] Sakabe S, Shimizu S, Hashida M, Sato F, Tsuyukushi T, Nishihara K, Okihara S, Kagawa T 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 023203-1
[31] Milchberg H M, McNaught S J, Parra E 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 056402
[32] Augst S, Meyerhofer D D, Strickland D, Chint S L 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8 858
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[1] Ditmire T, Smith R A, Tisch J W G, Hutchinson M H R 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 3121
[2] Ditmire T, Donnelly T, Rubenchik A M, Falcone R W, Perry M D 1996 Phys. Rev. A 53 3379
[3] Chen L M, Zhang J, Liang T J, Li Y T, Wang L, Jang W M 2000 Acta Phys. Sin. 49 529 (in Chinese) [陈黎明, 张杰, 梁天骄, 李玉同, 王龙, 江文勉 2000 49 529]
[4] Xin G G, Ye D F, Zhao Q, Liu J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 094204 (in Chinese) [辛国国, 叶地发, 赵清, 刘杰 2011 60 094204]
[5] Taguchi T M, Antonsen Jr T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 205003
[6] Li H Y, Liu J S, Wang C, Ni G Q, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2006 Phys. Rev. A 74 023201
[7] Ditmire T, Tisch J W G, Sprimpring E, Mason M B, Hay N, Smith R A, Marangos J, Hutchinson M H R 1997 Nature 386 54
[8] Last I, Jorthner J 1999 Phys. Rev. A 60 2215
[9] McPherson A, Luk T S, Thompson B D, Borisov A B, Shiryaev B, Chen X, Boyer K, Rhodes C K 1994 Phys. Rev. Lett. 72 1810
[10] McPerson A, Thompson B D, Bofisov A B, Boyer K, Rhodes K 2001 Nature 370 631
[11] Krause J L, Schafer K J, Kulander K C 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 3535
[12] Velotta R, Hay N, Mason M B, Castillejo M, Marangos J P 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 183901
[13] Ditmire T, Gtisch J W, Yanovsky V P, Cowan T E, Hays G, Wharton K B 1999 Nature 398 489
[14] Last I, Jorthner J 2002 J. Phys. Chem. A 6 10877
[15] Mendham K J, Hay N, Mason M B, Tisch J W G, Marangos J P 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 055201
[16] Dammasch M, Dörr M, Eichmann U, Lenz E, Sandner W 2001 Phys. Rev. A 64 061402
[17] Li H Y, Liu J S 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 7850 (in Chinese) [李红玉, 刘建胜 2010 59 7850]
[18] Lebeault M A, Viallon J, Chevaleyre J, Ellert C, Normand D, Schmidt M, Sublemontier O, Guet C, Huber B 2002 Eur. Phys. J. D 20 233
[19] Vozzi C, Nisoli M, Caumes J P, Sansone G, Stagira S, De-Silvestri S, Vecchiocattivi M, Bassi D, Pascolini M, Poletto L, Villoresi P, Tondello G 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 111121
[20] Issac R C, Vieux G, Ersfeld B, Brunetti E, Jamison S P, Gallacher J, Clark D, Jaroszynski D A 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 3491
[21] Rozet J P, Cornille M, Dobosz S, Dubau J, Gauthier J C, Jacquemot S, Lamour E, Lezius M, Normand D, Schmidt M, Vernhet D 2001 Phys. Scr. T92 113
[22] Kumarappan V, Krishnamurthy M 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 085005
[23] Kumarappan V, Krishnamurthy M, Mathur D 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 033203
[24] Krishnamurthy M, Mathur D, Kumarappan V 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 033202
[25] Hirokane M, Shimizu S, Hashida M, Okada S, Okihara S, Sato F, Iida T, Sakabe S 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 063201
[26] Fennel T, Bertsch G F, Meiwes-Broer K H 2004 Eur. Phys. J. D 29 367
[27] Jungreuthmayer C, Geissler M, Zanghellini J, Brabec T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 133401
[28] Symes D R, Hohenberger M, Henig A, Ditmire T 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 123401
[29] Breizman B N, Arefiev A V, Fomyts'kyi M V 2005 Phys. Plasmas 12 056706
[30] Sakabe S, Shimizu S, Hashida M, Sato F, Tsuyukushi T, Nishihara K, Okihara S, Kagawa T 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 023203-1
[31] Milchberg H M, McNaught S J, Parra E 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 056402
[32] Augst S, Meyerhofer D D, Strickland D, Chint S L 1991 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 8 858
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