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In order to find out the distribution of lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) fields under the ground, the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method is used to calculate LEMP under the ground. The distributions of LEMP under the ground are calculated in the cases of different distances from the lightning channel, different ground conductivities, different ground permittivities and different depths. The attenuations of lightning fields in the ground are compared with those of other high-power electromagnetic environments. The calculated results show the following points: the LEMP dramatically attenuates as the distance increases; the attenuation of the electric component is significant when the ground conductivity is reasonably high; the change of ground permittivity mainly causes the change of vertical electric field component, which decreases as the ground permittivity increases; the attenuation of the high frequency electric component increases and that of the low frequency electric component invisibly changes as the depth increases.
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Keywords:
- lightning electromagnetic pulse /
- ground conductivity
[1] Yang J, Qie X S, Wang J G, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yuan T, Zhou Y J, Feng G L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1968 (in Chinese) [杨 静、 郄秀书、 王建国、 赵 阳、 张其林、 袁 铁、 周筠珺、 冯桂力 2008 57 1968]
[2] Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵 阳、 郄秀书、 孔祥贞、 张广庶、 张 彤、 杨 静、 冯桂力、 张其林、 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[3] Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yang J, Feng G L, Kong X Z, Zhou Y J, Zhang T L, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Wang D F, Cui H H, Zhao Z K, Wu S J 2009 Atmos. Res. 91 310
[4] Zhang Q L, Qie X S, Wang Z H, Zhang T L, Yang J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 127
[5] Master M J, Uman M A 1984 IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst. 103 2502
[6] Cooray V 1992 Radio Sci. 27 529
[7] Rakov V A 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 654
[8] Pokharel R K, Ishii M, Baba Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 45 651
[9] Baba Y, Rakov V A 2006 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48 212
[10] Ren H M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Science and Technology of Chinese Peoples Liberation Army) (in Chinese) [任合明 2007 博士学位论文 (南京: 解放军理工大学)]
[11] Sommerfeld A 1909 Ann. Phys. 28 665
[12] Uman M A 1985 J. Geophys. Res. 90 6121
[13] Wu T, King R W P 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 4345
[14] Norton K A 1937 Proc. IEEE 25 1203
[15] Cooray V 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 75
[16] Delfino F, Procopio R, Rossi M, Rachidi F, Nucci C A 2007 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 49 401
[17] Petrache E, Rachidi F, Paolone M, Nucci C A, Rakov V A, Uman M A 2005 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47 498
[18] Yang C S, Zhou B H 2004 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 46 133
[19] Rakov V A, Uman M A 1998 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 40 403
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[1] Yang J, Qie X S, Wang J G, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yuan T, Zhou Y J, Feng G L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 1968 (in Chinese) [杨 静、 郄秀书、 王建国、 赵 阳、 张其林、 袁 铁、 周筠珺、 冯桂力 2008 57 1968]
[2] Zhao Y, Qie X S, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Feng G L, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [赵 阳、 郄秀书、 孔祥贞、 张广庶、 张 彤、 杨 静、 冯桂力、 张其林、 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[3] Qie X S, Zhao Y, Zhang Q L, Yang J, Feng G L, Kong X Z, Zhou Y J, Zhang T L, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Wang D F, Cui H H, Zhao Z K, Wu S J 2009 Atmos. Res. 91 310
[4] Zhang Q L, Qie X S, Wang Z H, Zhang T L, Yang J 2009 Radio Sci. 44 127
[5] Master M J, Uman M A 1984 IEEE Trans. Power App. Syst. 103 2502
[6] Cooray V 1992 Radio Sci. 27 529
[7] Rakov V A 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 654
[8] Pokharel R K, Ishii M, Baba Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 45 651
[9] Baba Y, Rakov V A 2006 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48 212
[10] Ren H M 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: University of Science and Technology of Chinese Peoples Liberation Army) (in Chinese) [任合明 2007 博士学位论文 (南京: 解放军理工大学)]
[11] Sommerfeld A 1909 Ann. Phys. 28 665
[12] Uman M A 1985 J. Geophys. Res. 90 6121
[13] Wu T, King R W P 1987 J. Appl. Phys. 62 4345
[14] Norton K A 1937 Proc. IEEE 25 1203
[15] Cooray V 2001 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 43 75
[16] Delfino F, Procopio R, Rossi M, Rachidi F, Nucci C A 2007 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 49 401
[17] Petrache E, Rachidi F, Paolone M, Nucci C A, Rakov V A, Uman M A 2005 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 47 498
[18] Yang C S, Zhou B H 2004 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 46 133
[19] Rakov V A, Uman M A 1998 IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 40 403
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